Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2216912
Liu Wenjuan, Yao Zhaotong, Chen Gongxiang, Liu Zhihong, D. Xiufang
ABSTRACT Misinformation often affects people’s cognition and judgment even when they are aware of a retraction; this is known as the continued influence effect of misinformation (CIE). The aim of the present study was to verify if there were differences in the continued influence effect with respect to the individual’s EF availability of WM (i.e. inhibition, shifting and updating). The Stroop task, number shifting task and the n-back task were adopted to investigate the three executive functions of inhibition, shifting and updating, respectively. The results showed that differences in inhibition, but not in shifting and updating, had a significant negative effect on the CIE. The continued effect of misinformation was lower for individuals with high function of inhibition. The current study showed that high-inhibition individuals were less affected by the misinformation. The study extends our understanding of the relationship between executive functions and the CIE.
{"title":"Influence of individual differences in executive functions of WM on the continued influence effect of misinformation","authors":"Liu Wenjuan, Yao Zhaotong, Chen Gongxiang, Liu Zhihong, D. Xiufang","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2216912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2216912","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Misinformation often affects people’s cognition and judgment even when they are aware of a retraction; this is known as the continued influence effect of misinformation (CIE). The aim of the present study was to verify if there were differences in the continued influence effect with respect to the individual’s EF availability of WM (i.e. inhibition, shifting and updating). The Stroop task, number shifting task and the n-back task were adopted to investigate the three executive functions of inhibition, shifting and updating, respectively. The results showed that differences in inhibition, but not in shifting and updating, had a significant negative effect on the CIE. The continued effect of misinformation was lower for individuals with high function of inhibition. The current study showed that high-inhibition individuals were less affected by the misinformation. The study extends our understanding of the relationship between executive functions and the CIE.","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"509 - 525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49619951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2227400
Katherine Labonté, Hélèna St-Cyr, François Vachon
The negative impact of interruptions on performance can sometimes be mitigated by notifying individuals shortly before their task is suspended. However, little is known about the accuracy with which individuals can assess the consequences of both unexpected and anticipated interruptions. This study investigated how suspending a dynamic task with or without prior warning influenced individuals’ self-reported performance and workload, and whether their perception aligned with their observable performance. Participants completed a simulation of above-water warfare in which they classified the threat level of surrounding aircraft and neutralized hostile aircraft. Subjective (performance, workload) and behavioural (performance) measures were compared across three types of scenarios: uninterrupted, unexpectedly interrupted, or interrupted following an auditory warning. Nearly all behavioural performance indicators were impaired by interruptions. Although the warning only partially mitigated this negative impact, participants perceived it as an effective aid overall. Therefore, individuals may sometimes misperceive that forewarned interruptions help overcoming performance costs.
{"title":"Foreseeing interruptions in dynamic environments may undermine the adequacy between perceived and observable task performance","authors":"Katherine Labonté, Hélèna St-Cyr, François Vachon","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2227400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2227400","url":null,"abstract":"The negative impact of interruptions on performance can sometimes be mitigated by notifying individuals shortly before their task is suspended. However, little is known about the accuracy with which individuals can assess the consequences of both unexpected and anticipated interruptions. This study investigated how suspending a dynamic task with or without prior warning influenced individuals’ self-reported performance and workload, and whether their perception aligned with their observable performance. Participants completed a simulation of above-water warfare in which they classified the threat level of surrounding aircraft and neutralized hostile aircraft. Subjective (performance, workload) and behavioural (performance) measures were compared across three types of scenarios: uninterrupted, unexpectedly interrupted, or interrupted following an auditory warning. Nearly all behavioural performance indicators were impaired by interruptions. Although the warning only partially mitigated this negative impact, participants perceived it as an effective aid overall. Therefore, individuals may sometimes misperceive that forewarned interruptions help overcoming performance costs.","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136355872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-12DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2220924
Roman Tikhonov, N. Moroshkina
ABSTRACT We studied the effect of dyadic interaction on implicit learning using a visual artificial grammar learning task. Specifically, we were interested in metacognitive experiences involved in the social verification of implicit knowledge. The experiment consisted of a learning phase followed by dyadic and individual test phases. The experimental group exchanged initial responses and confidence ratings in the dyadic test phase before revising their judgments. In the control group, participants could revise their responses but had no communication. We expected that sharing metacognitive experiences and initial responses would improve the accuracy of judgments and the underlying implicit knowledge. Our findings revealed the social verification effect in the dyadic test phase (but not in the individual test phase) that occurs selectively due to the mediating role of confidence. We conclude that dyadic interaction can mitigate the detrimental effects of response revision when applying implicitly learned regularities.
{"title":"The social verification of implicit knowledge in dyads: the mediating role of confidence","authors":"Roman Tikhonov, N. Moroshkina","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2220924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2220924","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We studied the effect of dyadic interaction on implicit learning using a visual artificial grammar learning task. Specifically, we were interested in metacognitive experiences involved in the social verification of implicit knowledge. The experiment consisted of a learning phase followed by dyadic and individual test phases. The experimental group exchanged initial responses and confidence ratings in the dyadic test phase before revising their judgments. In the control group, participants could revise their responses but had no communication. We expected that sharing metacognitive experiences and initial responses would improve the accuracy of judgments and the underlying implicit knowledge. Our findings revealed the social verification effect in the dyadic test phase (but not in the individual test phase) that occurs selectively due to the mediating role of confidence. We conclude that dyadic interaction can mitigate the detrimental effects of response revision when applying implicitly learned regularities.","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"578 - 593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46395286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2219028
Michael A. Meier, Alexander E. Heidekum, Stephan E. Vogel, R. Grabner
ABSTRACT Individuals show large individual differences in arithmetic abilities, especially in arithmetic facts. However, it is still unclear if individual differences in these abilities can be explained through individual differences in sensitivity to interference during retrieval from the associative network, and whether this sensitivity to interference is domain-general. To this end, we compared 18 adults with low arithmetic abilities with 18 intelligence matched individuals with high arithmetic abilities in two arithmetic and one lexico-semantic task. While individuals with low arithmetic abilities performed worse (longer response time and lower accuracy) on related lures, where interference occurs, individuals with high arithmetic abilities performed equally well on related and unrelated lures. This pattern of results emerged in the arithmetic tasks as well as in the lexico-semantic task. This finding indicates that sensitivity to interference is a domain-general construct hindering the selective retrieval of information from long-term memory in individuals with low arithmetic abilities.
{"title":"Individuals with low arithmetic abilities are sensitive to interference during knowledge retrieval from long-term memory across different domains","authors":"Michael A. Meier, Alexander E. Heidekum, Stephan E. Vogel, R. Grabner","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2219028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2219028","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Individuals show large individual differences in arithmetic abilities, especially in arithmetic facts. However, it is still unclear if individual differences in these abilities can be explained through individual differences in sensitivity to interference during retrieval from the associative network, and whether this sensitivity to interference is domain-general. To this end, we compared 18 adults with low arithmetic abilities with 18 intelligence matched individuals with high arithmetic abilities in two arithmetic and one lexico-semantic task. While individuals with low arithmetic abilities performed worse (longer response time and lower accuracy) on related lures, where interference occurs, individuals with high arithmetic abilities performed equally well on related and unrelated lures. This pattern of results emerged in the arithmetic tasks as well as in the lexico-semantic task. This finding indicates that sensitivity to interference is a domain-general construct hindering the selective retrieval of information from long-term memory in individuals with low arithmetic abilities.","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"561 - 570"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43281081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-28DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2216916
S. Park, W. Lam, L. Uiga, A. Cooke, C. Capio, R. Masters
ABSTRACT We asked whether inhibitory control during sport is influenced by uniform colour. Participants were instructed to pass to the larger side of an opponent wearing red, green, or grey (control) uniforms, but not when that side was defended. Correct inhibition of responses was lower when opponents wore uniforms that were green compared to grey, but not red compared to grey, suggesting that perceiving green impaired inhibition. We therefore interrogated archival data to examine the association between green uniforms and intercepted passes–if green impairs an opponent’s inhibitory control, more ill-chosen passes should occur. Netball teams wearing predominantly green uniforms completed significantly more intercepts than teams wearing other-coloured (control) uniforms, suggesting that the colour of their uniform may have promoted a higher proportion of ill-chosen passes by opponents. Colour may influence inhibition in sport due to a colour-meaning association–green is “go”.
{"title":"Should I stay or should I go now? Empirical and real-life observations of the effect of uniform colour on inhibitory control","authors":"S. Park, W. Lam, L. Uiga, A. Cooke, C. Capio, R. Masters","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2216916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2216916","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 We asked whether inhibitory control during sport is influenced by uniform colour. Participants were instructed to pass to the larger side of an opponent wearing red, green, or grey (control) uniforms, but not when that side was defended. Correct inhibition of responses was lower when opponents wore uniforms that were green compared to grey, but not red compared to grey, suggesting that perceiving green impaired inhibition. We therefore interrogated archival data to examine the association between green uniforms and intercepted passes–if green impairs an opponent’s inhibitory control, more ill-chosen passes should occur. Netball teams wearing predominantly green uniforms completed significantly more intercepts than teams wearing other-coloured (control) uniforms, suggesting that the colour of their uniform may have promoted a higher proportion of ill-chosen passes by opponents. Colour may influence inhibition in sport due to a colour-meaning association–green is “go”.","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"571 - 577"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60004395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2216917
Alper Kumcu, Asiye Öztürk
ABSTRACT The link between the different types and components of mental imagery and efficiency in tasks involving memory storage and processing is not clear. The direction of the effect (facilitation/deterioration) usually depends on the task in question and the cognitive processes involved. Here, we investigate the possible contribution of visual and auditory imagery components to performance in a verbal working memory task (i.e. consecutive interpreting) in which accuracy is not dependent on mental imagery yet with high individual variability due to exacting memory and cognitive control demands. The mental imagery of 38 translation-interpreting undergraduates was measured on four self-reported scales with the vividness, control, and preference components and with a mental rotation test. Participants were then asked to consecutively interpret 10 speeches from English into Turkish. Mixed-effects models revealed that only control of visual mental imagery measured with Gordon’s Test of Visual Imagery Control predicts verbal transfer accuracy in consecutive interpreting.
{"title":"Visual mental imagery and verbal working memory: evidence from consecutive interpreting","authors":"Alper Kumcu, Asiye Öztürk","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2216917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2216917","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The link between the different types and components of mental imagery and efficiency in tasks involving memory storage and processing is not clear. The direction of the effect (facilitation/deterioration) usually depends on the task in question and the cognitive processes involved. Here, we investigate the possible contribution of visual and auditory imagery components to performance in a verbal working memory task (i.e. consecutive interpreting) in which accuracy is not dependent on mental imagery yet with high individual variability due to exacting memory and cognitive control demands. The mental imagery of 38 translation-interpreting undergraduates was measured on four self-reported scales with the vividness, control, and preference components and with a mental rotation test. Participants were then asked to consecutively interpret 10 speeches from English into Turkish. Mixed-effects models revealed that only control of visual mental imagery measured with Gordon’s Test of Visual Imagery Control predicts verbal transfer accuracy in consecutive interpreting.","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"545 - 560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41392571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2216918
Yingxiang Li, Jing Sheng, Jun Chen
ABSTRACT Sunk cost effect, which reflects the greater tendency to continue an endeavour once an investment in money, time, or effort has been made, is a decision-making bias. We conducted three studies to examine the debiasing effect of a foreign language on sunk cost effect. Study 1 failed to prove that participants’ choice of sunk costs differed when they make judgments in a foreign language than in a native language. Foreign language proficiency and binary scale are regarded as important factors influencing this result. Therefore, we conducted study 2 in which we used a more sensitive 6-point scale. The results indicated that foreign language did attenuate the sunk cost effect. Study 3 showed that emotion mediated the relationship between language and sunk cost effect. These findings expand our understanding of how a foreign language affects decision-making bias and the underlying mechanism of this effect.
{"title":"Don’t cry over spilled milk: foreign language attenuates the sunk cost effect","authors":"Yingxiang Li, Jing Sheng, Jun Chen","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2216918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2216918","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sunk cost effect, which reflects the greater tendency to continue an endeavour once an investment in money, time, or effort has been made, is a decision-making bias. We conducted three studies to examine the debiasing effect of a foreign language on sunk cost effect. Study 1 failed to prove that participants’ choice of sunk costs differed when they make judgments in a foreign language than in a native language. Foreign language proficiency and binary scale are regarded as important factors influencing this result. Therefore, we conducted study 2 in which we used a more sensitive 6-point scale. The results indicated that foreign language did attenuate the sunk cost effect. Study 3 showed that emotion mediated the relationship between language and sunk cost effect. These findings expand our understanding of how a foreign language affects decision-making bias and the underlying mechanism of this effect.","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"594 - 602"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42517183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2216919
Raoul Bell, Laura Mieth, J. P. Röer, A. Buchner
{"title":"The reverse Mozart effect: music disrupts verbal working memory irrespective of whether you like it or not","authors":"Raoul Bell, Laura Mieth, J. P. Röer, A. Buchner","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2216919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2216919","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41969944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2209346
Martin R. Vasilev, Licia Hitching, Sophie Tyrrell
{"title":"What makes background music distracting? Investigating the role of song lyrics using self-paced reading","authors":"Martin R. Vasilev, Licia Hitching, Sophie Tyrrell","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2209346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2209346","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48438415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2195980
E. Altmann, D. Hambrick
{"title":"Evidence for a group-level performance optimum and performance-neutral adaptation in a procedural task","authors":"E. Altmann, D. Hambrick","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2195980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2195980","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44963637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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