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Effectiveness of a nutrition education intervention using simulation videos and encouragement of parental involvement for elementary school students. 利用模拟视频和鼓励家长参与对小学生进行营养教育干预的效果。
IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.41
Shin-Rung Li, Yen-Jung Chang

This study aims to develop a nutrition education intervention to promote healthy eating, and to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention on healthy eating knowledge, attitude and behaviour among elementary students. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in two elementary schools in Taiwan. The intervention course design included simulation videos, lectures, and the after-school learning worksheet designed for parental involvement. A total of 4 courses along with 4 simulation videos were given to the intervention group. The four course themes were Sugar patrol, Balanced Diet during the Mid-Autumn Festival, Rainbow Fruit and Vegetables, and Smart Dine Out. The study recruited 35 3rd grade students for the intervention group and 30 for the control group. Data were collected from the pre- and post-test questionnaires. The nutrition intervention had significant effects on improving participants' knowledge about tips for making healthy choices and the necessity of balanced diet, and on attitude toward healthy eating. There was no significant improvement in participants' healthy eating behaviours. This nutrition education intervention, which utilized simulation videos and encouraged parental involvement, could be recommended for teaching practice in elementary schools to improve healthy eating knowledge and attitude among students.

本研究旨在开发一种营养教育干预措施以促进健康饮食,并评估该干预措施对小学生健康饮食知识、态度和行为的影响。本研究在台湾的两所小学进行了一项准实验研究。干预课程设计包括模拟视频、讲座和为家长参与设计的课后学习工作表。干预组共学习了 4 门课程和 4 部模拟视频。四门课程的主题分别是 "糖巡礼"、"中秋节均衡饮食"、"彩虹蔬果 "和 "聪明外出就餐"。研究招募了 35 名三年级学生作为干预组,30 名学生作为对照组。数据来自测试前和测试后的问卷。营养干预对提高参与者对健康选择窍门和均衡饮食必要性的认识以及对健康饮食的态度有明显的效果。但参与者的健康饮食行为没有明显改善。这项利用模拟视频和鼓励家长参与的营养教育干预措施可推荐用于小学教学实践,以提高学生的健康饮食知识和态度。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived benefits and challenges of school feeding program in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a qualitative study. 埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴学校供餐计划的效益和挑战:定性研究。
IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.42
Yihalem Tamiru, Afework Mulugeta, Abebe Ayelign, Dube Jara, Elyas Melaku, Samson Gebremedhin

Addis Ababa initiated a universal Home-Grown School Feeding Program (HGSFP) in February 2019 to address hunger and improve the educational outcomes of schoolchildren. This study aimed to document the perceived benefits and challenges of the HGSFP in Addis Ababa, where such information was lacking. In May 2023, a qualitative phenomenological study was conducted to collect data from 20 schools participating in the HGSFP. Data were collected through key informant interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) involving 98 purposively selected participants. The study encompassed 48 student mothers in 5 FGDs, 20 student interviews, 20 school principals, and 10 experts from the Ministry of Education, Sub-cities, and the School Feeding Agency for in-depth interviews. Data collected in the local language were transcribed, translated into English, and thematically analysed using ATLAS-TI software. The study's findings unveiled the transformative impact of the HGSFP in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It demonstrated remarkable improvements in attendance, concentration, academic performance, reduced dropout rates, financial relief, enhanced behaviour, and a safer learning environment. However, urgent measures are imperative to tackle pressing challenges such as underpaid kitchen workers, operational issues, reduced reading time, rising food costs, limited market access, inadequate infrastructure, and growing dependency. To ensure the enduring sustainability of HGSFP, addressing challenges like workload reduction, kitchen infrastructure enhancement, government guideline implementation, promoting self-reliance, overcoming budget limitations, and addressing school gardening obstacles is vital.

亚的斯亚贝巴于 2019 年 2 月启动了一项普遍的 "家庭种植学校供餐计划"(HGSFP),以解决饥饿问题并改善学童的教育成果。本研究旨在记录亚的斯亚贝巴地区对 "自家种植学校供餐计划 "的认知收益和挑战,因为该地区缺乏此类信息。2023 年 5 月,开展了一项定性现象学研究,从参与 HGSFP 的 20 所学校收集数据。通过关键信息提供者访谈和焦点小组讨论(FGDs)收集数据,有针对性地选择了 98 名参与者。在 5 次 FGD、20 次学生访谈、20 次校长访谈中,有 48 名学生母亲参与了研究;在深度访谈中,有 10 名来自教育部、次级城市和学校供餐机构的专家参与了研究。用当地语言收集的数据经誊写后翻译成英语,并使用 ATLAS-TI 软件进行专题分析。研究结果揭示了埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴 HGSFP 的变革性影响。它在出勤率、集中力、学习成绩、降低辍学率、减轻经济负担、改善行为和营造更安全的学习环境等方面都取得了显著改善。然而,当务之急是采取紧急措施,解决厨房工人工资过低、运营问题、阅读时间减少、食品成本上升、市场准入受限、基础设施不足以及依赖性不断增强等紧迫挑战。为确保 HGSFP 的持久可持续性,解决诸如减少工作量、加强厨房基础设施、执行政府指导方针、促进自力更生、克服预算限制和解决学校园艺障碍等挑战至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of gluten-free diet (GFD) on some of cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 无麸质饮食(GFD)对某些心血管风险因素的影响:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.39
Pejman Rohani, Elma Izze da Silva Magalhães, Roya Imanifard, Maryam Jarahzadeh, Fateme Ziamanesh, Somaye Fatahi, Hajar Ghorbani Jalalieh, Mohammad Hassan Sohouli

A gluten-free diet (GFD) may have a stronger potential impact on reducing cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, according to research evidence. We investigated the impact of GFD on CV risk variables by doing a systematic review and meta-analysis for this reason. We conducted a thorough database search starting on January 1, 2000, and ending on July 12, 2022. We used random-effects models to pool the data. Totally 19 articles met the eligible criteria and were included. Pooled findings indicated that intervention with GFD has a significantly beneficial effect on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (WMD: 4.80 mg/dl, 95% CI: 2.09, 7.51, P = 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (WMD: -2.96 mmHg; 95% CI: -4.11, -1.81, P < 0.001), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD: -0.40, mg/l, 95% CI: -0.67, -0.14, P = 0.002) levels. In celiac patients as well as with an intervention duration of more than 48 weeks, GFD increased TC and HDL compared to non-celiac patients and with an intervention duration lower than 48 weeks, respectively. The results of the present study showed that GFD can have a significant and beneficial effect on HDL, SBP, and CRP.

根据研究证据,无麸质饮食(GFD)可能对减少心血管(CV)风险因素有更大的潜在影响。为此,我们通过系统回顾和荟萃分析研究了无麸质饮食对心血管风险变量的影响。我们进行了全面的数据库检索,检索时间从 2000 年 1 月 1 日开始,到 2022 年 7 月 12 日结束。我们使用随机效应模型来汇总数据。共有 19 篇文章符合条件并被纳入。汇总结果表明,GFD 干预对高密度脂蛋白(HDL)(WMD:4.80 mg/dl,95% CI:2.09,7.51,P = 0.001)、收缩压(SBP)(WMD:-2.96 mmHg;95% CI:-4.11,-1.81,P <0.001)和C反应蛋白(CRP)(WMD:-0.40,mg/l,95% CI:-0.67,-0.14,P = 0.002)水平。与非乳糜泻患者和干预时间少于 48 周的患者相比,乳糜泻患者和干预时间超过 48 周的患者的 GFD 分别增加了 TC 和 HDL。本研究结果表明,GFD 对高密度脂蛋白、SBP 和 CRP 有显著的有益影响。
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引用次数: 0
Coffee intake leads to preeclampsia-like syndromes in susceptible pregnant rats. 摄入咖啡会导致易感妊娠大鼠出现类似先兆子痫的综合征。
IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.36
Linyan Chen, Yi Duan, Pan Wang

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide, and there is an increasing concern of the health risk of coffee consumption in pregnancy. Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy disease that causes elevated blood pressure and proteinuria in pregnant women and growth restriction of fetuses due to poorly developed placental vasculature. The aim of our study is to investigate the possible effect of coffee intake during pregnancy in rats with potential underlying vasculature conditions. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) at a high dose (125 mg/kg/d) was used to induce PE in pregnant rats, which were used as the positive control group. In addition, low-dose L-NAME (10 mg/kg/d) was used to simulate the compromised placental vasculature function in pregnant rats. Coffee was given together with low-dose L-NAME to the pregnant rats from gestational day 10.5-18.5. Our results show that the pregnant rats treated with low-dose L-NAME + coffee, but not low-dose L-NAME alone, developed PE symptoms such as prominent fetal growth restriction, hypertension, and proteinuria. Therefore, our findings suggest that coffee intake during pregnancy may cause an increased risk of PE in susceptible women.

咖啡是世界上最受欢迎的饮料之一,人们越来越关注孕期饮用咖啡对健康的危害。子痫前期(PE)是一种严重的妊娠疾病,会导致孕妇血压升高和蛋白尿,胎儿也会因胎盘血管发育不良而生长受限。我们的研究旨在调查妊娠期摄入咖啡对大鼠潜在的潜在血管疾病可能产生的影响。我们使用高剂量(125 毫克/千克/天)的内皮一氧化氮合酶抑制剂 N(γ)-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)诱导妊娠大鼠发生 PE,妊娠大鼠作为阳性对照组。此外,还使用低剂量 L-NAME(10 毫克/千克/天)来模拟妊娠大鼠受损的胎盘血管功能。在妊娠 10.5-18.5 天期间,给妊娠大鼠服用咖啡和低剂量 L-NAME。结果显示,服用低剂量 L-NAME + 咖啡的妊娠大鼠会出现 PE 症状,如明显的胎儿生长受限、高血压和蛋白尿,而单独服用低剂量 L-NAME 的妊娠大鼠则不会出现 PE 症状。因此,我们的研究结果表明,孕期摄入咖啡可能会增加易感妇女患 PE 的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Caregiver-reported barriers to engagement in a paediatric fresh fruit and vegetable prescription programme. 护理人员报告的参与儿科新鲜水果和蔬菜处方计划的障碍。
IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.33
Amy Saxe-Custack, Sarah Egan, Bridget Farmer, Kimberly Pulka, Anna Sampson

Paediatric fruit and vegetable prescription programmes hold promise in improving food security and dietary patterns among youth. However, programme success is largely dependent upon caregiver and family engagement. The current study sought to gain a better understanding of environmental barriers to engagement in a paediatric fruit and vegetable prescription programme in one low-income, urban community (Flint, Michigan, USA). Following the implementation of a paediatric fruit and vegetable prescription programme, researchers conducted thirty-two semi-structured interviews with caregivers. Researchers explored caregivers' understanding of the fruit and vegetable prescription programme, barriers to programme engagement, and recommendations for improvement. Telephone interviews were transcribed for textual analysis. Researchers used thematic analysis to examine qualitative data, determine patterns across transcripts, and develop emerging themes. Researchers concluded interviews when data saturation was reached. The majority of participants were female (94%), African American (66%), and residents of Flint (72%). Five recurrent themes emerged: (1) nutrition security; (2) prescription distribution; (3) prescription redemption; (4) educational supports; and (5) programme modifications. Although caregivers indicated that the prescription programme addressed household food insecurity, environmental barriers to engagement were apparent. Caregivers provided suggestions, such as partnering with large grocery stores and developing digital prescriptions, to address programme engagement challenges. Fundamental to the success of fruit and vegetable prescription programmes is the understanding of barriers to engagement from the perspective of participants. This study explores challenges with one paediatric fruit and vegetable prescription programme and provides actionable solutions, from the viewpoint of caregivers, to address these challenges.

儿科水果和蔬菜处方计划有望改善青少年的食品安全和饮食模式。然而,计划的成功在很大程度上取决于照顾者和家庭的参与。本研究旨在更好地了解在一个低收入城市社区(美国密歇根州弗林特市)实施儿科果蔬处方计划的环境障碍。在实施儿科果蔬处方计划后,研究人员对照顾者进行了 32 次半结构式访谈。研究人员探讨了护理人员对果蔬处方计划的理解、参与计划的障碍以及改进建议。对电话访谈进行了文字转录分析。研究人员使用主题分析法检查定性数据,确定记录誊本中的模式,并发展新出现的主题。当数据达到饱和时,研究人员结束访谈。大部分参与者为女性(94%)、非裔美国人(66%)和弗林特居民(72%)。出现了五个重复出现的主题:(1) 营养安全;(2) 处方分发;(3) 处方兑换;(4) 教育支持;(5) 计划修改。虽然照顾者表示处方计划解决了家庭粮食不安全问题,但参与的环境障碍也很明显。护理人员提出了一些建议,如与大型杂货店合作、开发数字处方等,以应对计划参与方面的挑战。从参与者的角度了解参与的障碍是果蔬处方计划取得成功的基础。本研究探讨了一项儿科果蔬处方计划所面临的挑战,并从护理人员的角度出发,提供了应对这些挑战的可行解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
A systematic review of the implementation of healthy food retail interventions in settings with multiple food retail outlets (complex food retail settings). 在有多个食品零售店的环境中(复杂的食品零售环境)实施健康食品零售干预措施的系统性回顾。
IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.52
Adyya Gupta, Catherine E Huggins, Gary Sacks, Joel Gittelsohn, Anna Peeters

Complex food retail settings, where multiple food retail outlets operate in close proximity are common. Despite their ubiquity, there remains a significant knowledge gap regarding healthy food retail interventions implemented within these settings. Furthermore, understanding the factors affecting the implementation of interventions in these settings remains limited. This systematic review aimed to (1) identify and describe complex food retail settings where interventions were implemented to promote the healthiness of foods purchased, (2) synthesise the evidence on the effectiveness of the interventions implemented, and (3) identify enablers and barriers to the implementation of the interventions in these settings. Four databases, namely, MEDLINE Complete, Global Health, Embase, and Business Source Complete, were searched until December 2022. The Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool was used. Six studies reported on the implementation of interventions promoting healthy food purchases across multiple food retail outlets. Three studies each described two complex food retail settings: university and hospital. Interventions including promotion and promotion plus price improved the healthiness of foods purchased. There was limited description of institutional food policies, conceptual frameworks, formative research, or evaluation outcomes to inform the implementation of interventions in these settings. No study analysed enablers and barriers to the implementation of interventions. No study identified their settings as complex food retail settings. There is limited evidence describing complex food retail settings, their impact on intervention effectiveness, and associated enablers or barriers. Investigating factors influencing the effectiveness of interventions implemented within complex food retail settings is critical to support their implementation at scale.

在复杂的食品零售环境中,多家食品零售店在附近经营的情况很常见。尽管它们无处不在,但关于在这些环境中实施健康食品零售干预措施的知识仍然存在很大差距。此外,对影响在这些环境中实施干预措施的因素的了解仍然有限。本系统综述旨在:(1) 识别并描述在复杂的食品零售环境中实施干预措施以促进所购食品健康的情况;(2) 综合有关所实施干预措施有效性的证据;(3) 识别在这些环境中实施干预措施的促进因素和障碍。在 2022 年 12 月之前,我们检索了四个数据库,即 MEDLINE Complete、Global Health、Embase 和 Business Source Complete。使用了有效公共卫生实践项目质量评估工具。六项研究报告了在多个食品零售店实施促进健康食品购买干预措施的情况。三项研究分别描述了两种复杂的食品零售环境:大学和医院。包括促销和促销加价格在内的干预措施提高了所购食品的健康水平。对机构食品政策、概念框架、形成性研究或评估结果的描述有限,无法为在这些环境中实施干预措施提供参考。没有一项研究分析了实施干预措施的促进因素和障碍。没有研究将其环境确定为复杂的食品零售环境。描述复杂食品零售环境、其对干预效果的影响以及相关促进因素或障碍的证据有限。调查在复杂食品零售环境中实施干预措施的效果影响因素,对于支持大规模实施干预措施至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Adolescent nutrition in Nigeria: a systematic review. 尼日利亚青少年的营养状况:系统回顾。
IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.34
Theophilus Sunday Gabriel, Mohammed Kasim, Francis Adah Oluma, Taulant Muka, Erand Llanaj

In this systematic review, we scrutinise adolescent nutrition in Nigeria, focusing on dietary patterns, intake, and nutritional status. Through a systematic examination of observational studies across three major databases, we analysed data from 67,844 adolescents. Our exploration revealed 102 studies, predominantly cross-sectional, addressing various nutritional dimensions. However, only 13% of these studies demonstrated low risk of bias, with none offering national representation and most concentrated in specific, school-based regions. The findings underscore a complex nutritional landscape with widespread malnutrition and highlight the critical need for high-quality, comprehensive data. The dominance of cross-sectional designs and regional biases in existing research calls for cautious interpretation and suggests a pressing need for more robust, nationally representative studies to guide future nutritional interventions and policy-making in Nigeria.

在这篇系统性综述中,我们仔细研究了尼日利亚青少年的营养状况,重点关注饮食模式、摄入量和营养状况。通过对三大数据库中的观察性研究进行系统检查,我们分析了来自 67,844 名青少年的数据。我们的研究发现,有 102 项研究主要是横断面研究,涉及各种营养方面的问题。然而,其中只有 13% 的研究显示偏倚风险较低,没有一项研究具有全国代表性,大多数研究集中在特定的学校所在地区。研究结果凸显了营养不良现象普遍存在的复杂营养状况,并强调了对高质量、全面数据的迫切需要。在现有研究中,横断面设计和地区性偏差占主导地位,这就要求我们谨慎解释,并表明迫切需要更有力的、具有全国代表性的研究来指导尼日利亚未来的营养干预措施和政策制定。
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引用次数: 0
The assessment of dietary carotenoid intake of the Cardio-Med FFQ using food records and biomarkers in an Australian cardiology cohort: a pilot validation 在澳大利亚心脏病学队列中使用食物记录和生物标记物评估膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量的 Cardio-Med FFQ:试点验证
IF 2.5 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.6
Teagan Kucianski, H. Mayr, Audrey Tierney, Hassan Vally, Colleen J. Thomas, Leila Karimi, Lisa G. Wood, C. Itsiopoulos
Dietary carotenoids are associated with lower risk of CHD. Assessment of dietary carotenoid intake using questionnaires can be susceptible to measurement error. Consequently, there is a need to validate data collected from FFQs which measure carotenoid intake. This study aimed to assess the performance of the Cardio-Med Survey Tool (CMST)-FFQ-version 2 (v2) as a measure of dietary carotenoid intake over 12-months against plasma carotenoids biomarkers and 7-Day Food Records (7DFR) in an Australian cardiology cohort. Dietary carotenoid intakes (β- and α-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin and lutein/zeaxanthin) were assessed using the 105-item CMST-FFQ-v2 and compared to intakes measured by 7DFR and plasma carotenoid concentrations. Correlation coefficients were calculated between each dietary method, and validity coefficients (VCs) were calculated between each dietary method and theoretical true intake using the ‘methods of triads’. Thirty-nine participants aged 37–77 years with CHD participated in the cross-sectional study. The correlation between FFQ and plasma carotenoids were largest and significant for β-carotene (0.39, p=0.01), total carotenoids (0.37, p=0.02) and β-cryptoxanthin (0.33, p=0.04), with weakest correlations observed for α-carotene (0.21, p=0.21) and lycopene (0.21, p=0.21). The FFQ VCs were moderate (0.3–0.6) or larger for all measured carotenoids. The strongest were observed for total carotenoids (0.61) and β-carotene (0.59), while the weakest were observed for α-carotene (0.33) and lycopene (0.37). In conclusion, the CMST-FFQ-v2 measured dietary carotenoids intakes with moderate confidence for most carotenoids, however, there was less confidence in ability to measure α-carotene and lycopene intake, thus further research is warranted using a larger sample.
膳食类胡萝卜素与降低冠心病风险有关。使用问卷评估膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量容易出现测量误差。因此,有必要对测量类胡萝卜素摄入量的 FFQs 所收集的数据进行验证。本研究的目的是在澳大利亚心脏病学队列中,对照血浆类胡萝卜素生物标志物和 7 天食物记录 (7DFR),评估心血管病调查工具 (CMST)-FFQ 第 2 版 (v2) 作为 12 个月内膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量测量方法的性能。使用 105 项 CMST-FFQ-v2 评估膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量(β- 和 α-胡萝卜素、番茄红素、β-隐黄素和叶黄素/玉米黄质),并与 7DFR 测量的摄入量和血浆类胡萝卜素浓度进行比较。计算了每种膳食方法之间的相关系数,并使用 "三元方法 "计算了每种膳食方法与理论真实摄入量之间的有效性系数(VC)。39 名年龄在 37-77 岁之间的心脏病患者参加了横断面研究。FFQ与血浆类胡萝卜素之间的相关性最大且显著的是β-胡萝卜素(0.39,p=0.01)、类胡萝卜素总量(0.37,p=0.02)和β-隐黄素(0.33,p=0.04),相关性最弱的是α-胡萝卜素(0.21,p=0.21)和番茄红素(0.21,p=0.21)。在所有测量的类胡萝卜素中,FFQ VCs 为中等(0.3-0.6)或更大。类胡萝卜素总量(0.61)和β-胡萝卜素(0.59)的VC值最大,而α-胡萝卜素(0.33)和番茄红素(0.37)的VC值最小。总之,CMST-FFQ-v2 对大多数类胡萝卜素的膳食胡萝卜素摄入量的测量结果具有中等可信度,但对α-胡萝卜素和番茄红素摄入量的测量结果可信度较低,因此有必要使用更大的样本进行进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Processed food consumption and risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in South Africa: evidence from Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) VII. 南非加工食品消费与非传染性疾病(NCDs)风险:来自第七次人口与健康调查(DHS)的证据。
IF 2.5 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-27 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.13
Swapnil Godbharle, Hema Kesa, Angeline Jeyakumar

We aimed to analyse the association between processed food consumption and the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in South Africa. In this empirical study, we analysed nationally representative secondary data obtained from the South African Demographic and Health Survey (SADHS) VII. The survey included 13,288 occupied households, of which 11,083 were interviewed. In the interviewed households, 12,717 eligible adults aged 15 and older were identified and 10,336 were successfully interviewed. The study included four processed food groups (i.e. fried foods, takeaway foods/fast foods, salty snacks/packed chips, and processed meats) and eight NCDs (i.e. hypertension, cardiac arrest, cancer, stroke, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, chronic bronchitis, and asthma). As per the logistic regression results following adjustment, none of the disease states showed association with all four processed food groups. However, at least three processed food groups showed a significant positive association with hypertension, cardiac arrest, and diabetes. Two processed food groups showed significant positive association with stroke, and chronic bronchitis; one with hypercholesterolaemia and asthma; and cancer was not associated with any food groups. Processed meat and salted snacks/packed chips were each associated with five chronic conditions. In summary, we found that the consumption of any of the processed food groups increased the risk of NCDs in the South African population. Enabling policy and regulatory efforts in the production and distribution of processed foods, combined with improved awareness among the population need to be prioritised for immediate action. Facilitating the populations to choose traditional healthy diets would be a sustainable strategy for the prevention of NCDs.

我们旨在分析南非加工食品消费与非传染性疾病(NCDs)风险之间的关系。在这项实证研究中,我们分析了从第七次南非人口与健康调查(SADHS)中获得的具有全国代表性的二手数据。该调查包括 13,288 个有人居住的家庭,其中 11,083 个家庭接受了访谈。在受访家庭中,我们确定了 12,717 名符合条件的 15 岁及以上成年人,并成功采访了 10,336 人。研究包括四类加工食品(即油炸食品、外卖食品/快餐食品、咸味零食/包装薯片和加工肉类)和八种非传染性疾病(即高血压、心脏骤停、癌症、中风、高胆固醇血症、糖尿病、慢性支气管炎和哮喘)。根据调整后的逻辑回归结果,没有一种疾病状态与所有四类加工食品都有关联。不过,至少有三类加工食品与高血压、心脏骤停和糖尿病呈显著正相关。两类加工食品与中风和慢性支气管炎有明显的正相关;一类与高胆固醇血症和哮喘有明显的正相关;癌症与任何食品类别都没有关系。加工肉类和腌制零食/包装薯片分别与五种慢性疾病有关。总之,我们发现食用任何一类加工食品都会增加南非人口罹患非传染性疾病的风险。在加工食品的生产和分销方面制定有利的政策和监管措施,同时提高民众的认识,这些都是需要立即采取行动的优先事项。促进民众选择传统的健康饮食将是预防非传染性疾病的可持续战略。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of lipid emulsions in parenteral nutrition on platelets: a literature review. 肠外营养中的脂质乳剂对血小板的影响:文献综述。
IF 2.5 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.11
Betul Kisioglu, Funda Tamer

Lipid emulsions are essential components of parenteral nutrition solutions that provide energy and essential fatty acids. The complexity of the formulations of lipid emulsions may lead to adverse outcomes such as platelet reactivity and changes in platelet aggregation and related coagulation. Platelets are responsible for haemostasis; they activate and demonstrate morphological changes upon extracellular factors to maintain blood fluidity and vascular integrity. Although parenteral nutrition lipid emulsions are generally found safe with regard to modulation of platelet activity, studies are still accumulating. Thus, this review aims to investigate platelet-related changes by parenteral nutrition lipid emulsions in human studies. Studies have pointed out patients at risk of bleeding and increased platelet aggregation responses due to the administration of lipid emulsions. Lipid emulsions may further benefit patients at high risk of thrombosis due to anti-thrombotic effects and should be cautiously used in patients with thrombocytopenia. The reported platelet-related changes might be associated with the fatty acid change in the plasma membranes of platelets following changes in platelet synthesis and plasma levels of eicosanoids. In conclusion, studies investigating platelets and parenteral nutrition should be supported to minimize the adverse effects and to benefit from the potential protective effects of parenteral nutrition lipid emulsions.

脂质乳剂是肠外营养液的重要组成部分,可提供能量和必需脂肪酸。脂质乳剂配方复杂,可能会导致不良后果,如血小板反应性和血小板聚集及相关凝血的变化。血小板负责止血;它们在细胞外因子的作用下激活并发生形态变化,以保持血液流动性和血管完整性。尽管一般认为肠外营养脂质乳剂在调节血小板活性方面是安全的,但相关研究仍在不断积累。因此,本综述旨在通过人体研究调查肠外营养脂质乳剂对血小板相关变化的影响。研究指出,服用脂质乳剂会导致患者面临出血风险,并增加血小板聚集反应。由于脂质乳剂具有抗血栓形成的作用,可能会使血栓形成风险高的患者进一步受益,因此血小板减少症患者应慎用脂质乳剂。所报道的与血小板相关的变化可能与血小板合成和血浆中二十烷酸水平变化后血小板质膜的脂肪酸变化有关。总之,应支持对血小板和肠外营养进行调查研究,以尽量减少肠外营养脂质乳剂的不良影响,并从其潜在的保护作用中获益。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Nutritional Science
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