Journal of Nutritional Science最新文献

Legume lectins represent a broad class of environmental toxicants that bind to cell surface glycoproteins. Raw red kidney beans (RRKB), a widely consumed common source of dietary protein, are rich in the lectin phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Consumption of improperly cooked (which may require overnight presoaking and boiling at least at 100°C for 45 min) red kidney beans causes severe gastrointestinal symptoms. Since the relationship between lectin toxicity and the cellular chaperone machinery remains unknown, the study aimed to determine the effects of heat-denatured PHA on epithelial barrier function and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression and its function as a molecular chaperone in PHA-treated Caco-2 cells and animals. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised to an ad libitum diet of either standard rat chow or chow containing 26% crude red kidney beans. We measured HSP70 and heat shock factor 1 gene expressions in the small intestine and HSP70 protein expression in Caco-2 cells. In Caco-2 cells, luciferase activity was measured to investigate protein folding. Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled lectin was used to study its intracellular uptake by Caco-2 cells. PHA lectin reduced transepithelial electrical resistance in Caco-2 cells. FITC-labelled PHA entered Caco-2 cells within 3 h of treatment. PHA treatment significantly reduced HSP70 levels and luciferase activity in Caco-2 cells, which was prevented by HSP70 overexpression. In rats fed RRKB chow consisting of legume lectins, we found reduced levels of HSP70 and heat shock factor 1. These observations suggest that lectins counter the protective function of HSP70 on intestinal barrier function.

Interest in probiotics and prebiotics in sports nutrition is growing, but research on Jordanian athletes remains limited. While gut microbiota influences athletic performance, little is known about athletes' understanding and use of probiotic- and prebiotic-rich foods in this region. This exploratory study investigates the knowledge, dietary habits, and correlations with gastrointestinal (GI) problems among Jordanian athletes to inform future research and interventions. The study provides insights into how awareness and consumption of gut-supportive foods can impact GI health, offering broader nutritional implications for global dietary strategies for athletes. A standardised questionnaire was administered to 324 athletes (ages 18-22) to assess knowledge, dietary practices, and GI symptoms. Descriptive statistics summarised the data, and chi-square tests examined associations among knowledge, diet, and GI symptoms (p < 0.05). Knowledge and diet were scored based on correct responses and reported intake of gut-supporting foods. Results showed that 55.9% of athletes were familiar with probiotics and 32.1% with prebiotics. The majority reported low consumption of probiotic- and prebiotic-rich foods, with 72.2% scoring low on diet intake. Although 60.5% seldom consumed fast food, overall intake of gut-supportive foods was limited. No statistically significant associations were found, but a weak positive trend between dietary habits and GI symptoms was observed, suggesting diet may have a modest influence on GI health. Living arrangements influenced both dietary choices and GI symptoms. This study highlights the need for targeted nutrition education to improve awareness and intake of probiotics and prebiotics, potentially supporting GI health and enhancing athletic performance.

Vegetable consumption in many countries is less than recommended and even lower in low-income households. This study explored the determinants of current vegetable food choice in households with limited food budgets to inform the implementation of a national vegetable promotion programme. Five focus groups and one individual interview were conducted with twenty-nine parents who self-identified as 'shopping on a budget' in an area of multiple deprivation in the southeast of England. Transcripts of audio recordings were coded in NVivo and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Four main themes which shaped the range of vegetables brought into the home were identified: (1) attributes of vegetables, (2) attributes of parents including their vegetable norms, knowledge and skills (veg-literacy), and interest and opportunity to invest time and effort in vegetables, (3) family food dynamics, and (4) influence of retailers. Overarching this was parents' capacity to absorb the risk of wasting food, money, time, and effort on vegetables and damaging trust in the parent-child food relationship. The data suggest there is a common set of 'core vegetables', which are routinely bought. When money is tight, parents only buy vegetables they know their children will eat and are generally not persuaded to buy 'off-list' in response to price discounts or promotions. Cost is not always the main barrier to increased vegetable purchase. To avoid unintentionally widening dietary inequalities, supply-side interventions to promote vegetable consumption need to be designed alongside targeted actions that enhance the capacity of low-income households to respond.

Phase Angle (PhA) has emerged as an important parameter to monitor body composition, fluid status, muscle integrity, and physical performance among athletes. However, limited information exists regarding the associations between PhA and dietary intake, especially in athletes. This study aimed to identify the dietary intake components associated with PhA in athletes. This cross-sectional observational study was carried out with 153 athletes across 17 sports. Body composition was assessed by tetrapolar multifrequency BIA, and dietary intake by 24-hour dietary recalls administered on non-consecutive days. Reported foods and supplements were categorised into different groups (i.e. cereals, vegetables, fruits, beans and nuts, meat and eggs, dairy products, oils, and sugars), with portions established based on the food's total energy content. Fat-free mass and fat-free mass index were higher in male compared to female athletes, potentially influencing PhA (6.6º vs 5.5º; P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that protein intake was a significant predictor of PhA in athletes. This association remained significant even after adjustments for sex, age, and fat-free mass (R² = 0.48, β = 0.27, P = 0.02). The positive correlation observed between dietary protein and PhA reinforces the need for adequate daily protein intake to enhance PhA in athletes. Further studies investigating the effect of diet-induced changes in PhA within the athletic population are necessary.

The aim of the study is to assess the dietary knowledge and practices of Lebanese patients with diabetes not receiving dietary counselling in a low-income setting. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 317 Lebanese adult patients, not receiving dietary counselling in North Lebanon. Patients completed a questionnaire evaluating their sociodemographic, health and clinical characteristics as well as their dietary knowledge (DK) and practices. The mean total DK score as well as the mean scores for each category were calculated for the whole sample, transformed into percentages of maximal score and classified into poor (< 50%), good (50-75%) and adequate (> 75%). Patients had a good, but not optimal total DK (51.66%). Similarly, they also had a good knowledge related to carbohydrates (52.16%) and fat (52.5%), and to food type (60.83%). On the other hand, they had a poor knowledge about food choices (35.66%) and protein (44%). Linear regression analysis revealed that a higher educational level (β = 1.96, p < 0.001), choosing whole grains (β = 1.19, p = 0.002), living with a partner (β = 1.01, p = 0.007), being recently diagnosed with diabetes (β = -1.23, p = 0.012) were positively associated with a better DK. Furthermore, patients who suffered from type I diabetes had a better DK compared to those suffering from type 2 diabetes (β = -1.31, p = 0.016). The nutritional knowledge of the patients with diabetes not receiving dietary counselling is good but not optimal. Dietitians and doctors should collaborate to provide patient-centred and individualised dietary education to patients with diabetes.

This repeated cross-sectional study assessed the validity and reproducibility of the myfood24^® dietary assessment tool against dietary intake biomarkers in healthy Danish adults. The study included 71 healthy adults (14/57 m/f), aged 53.2 ± 9.1 years with an average BMI of 26.1 ± 0.3 kg/m². Participants were instructed to complete seven-day weighed food records using myfood24^® at baseline and 4 ± 1 weeks thereafter. Estimated mean dietary intake was compared with objective measures of energy metabolism and selected dietary intake biomarkers in fasting blood (folate) and in 24-hour urine (urea, potassium). Resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. Application of the Goldberg cut-off classified 87% (n = 62) of participants as acceptable reporters. A strong Spearman's rank correlation was observed between total folate intake and serum folate (ρ = 0.62). Acceptable correlations were noted for serum folate (ρ = 0.49) and urinary potassium excretion (ρ = 0.44) with estimated and measured protein intake (ρ = 0.45); energy intake and total energy expenditure (ρ = 0.38); potassium intake and potassium excretion (ρ = 0.42); and estimated fruit and vegetable intake. Reproducibility analysis revealed strong correlations (ρ ≥ 0.50) across most nutrients and food groups, except for fish and vitamin D (ρ = 0.30 and ρ = 0.26, respectively). Notably, reproducibility for folate and total vegetable intake exhibited the highest correlations (ρ = 0.84 and ρ = 0.78, respectively). In conclusion, while some limitations exist, myfood24^® remains a useful tool for ranking individuals by intake, particularly in studies focusing on relative comparisons.

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have negative health consequences. Food insecurity and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) are associated with higher UPF intake in U.S. adults, but this has not been examined in U.S. adolescents. This study assesses associations between food security status and SNAP participation with UPF intake in 3,067 adolescents aged 12-19 years with household incomes at or below 300% of the federal poverty line from the 2007-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. UPF is defined using the Nova classification and measured as a percentage of daily total energy intake (TEI). High food security, marginal food security, or food insecurity status was determined through the U.S. Department of Agriculture's eighteen-item Household Food Security Survey. SNAP participation was deemed affirmative if the household reported receiving SNAP benefits in the last year. Multivariable linear regressions that controlled for TEI and sociodemographic covariates and accounted for the complex survey design examined associations between food insecurity and SNAP participation with UPF intake. In the sample, the prevalence of marginal food security was 15.9%, the prevalence of food insecurity was 33.8%, and the prevalence of SNAP participation was 36.5%. After multivariate adjustment, there were no significant differences in UPF intake by food security status. Adolescents participating in SNAP consumed 2.7% higher UPF intake (95% CI: 0.1%, 5.2%, p = 0.04) compared to adolescents not participating in SNAP. Among lower-income U.S. adolescents, SNAP participation but not food security status was associated with higher UPF intake. Programs and policies promoting the intake of more healthful, minimally processed foods should be strengthened.

Women and children are priority populations in Cambodia, however no dietary intake information exists on breastfeeding women for informing nutritional intervention. The aim was to assess nutritional adequacy of dietary intakes of Cambodian women, by breastfeeding status and locality. A cross-sectional assessment of dietary intake was conducted with non-pregnant women ≥18 years of age with at least one child under 5 years in rural, semi-rural and urban locations in Siem Reap province, Cambodia. Women used a bespoke smartphone application to capture three-day image-voice records on two occasions. Data were analysed using a semi-automated web platform incorporating a tailored Cambodian food composition database. Estimated Average Requirements were used to assess adequacy of nutrient intakes. Of 119 women included in the analysis, 58% were breastfeeding, and 63% were rural or semi-rural. Protein, carbohydrate, vitamin B₁₂, iron, and sodium were adequate for over 65% of women. Less than 10% of women had adequate vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamine, calcium, and zinc intakes, in contrast to low deficiency rates reported for Cambodian women. Despite breastfeeding women recording higher dietary intakes, adequate intakes of protein, carbohydrate, vitamin A, thiamine, and zinc were lower than non-breastfeeding women due to higher requirements. Rural women generally had higher nutrient intakes, and urban women had inadequate folate intake. This study indicates dietary intakes of Cambodian women in Siem Reap province, particularly breastfeeding women, are not nutritionally adequate. Data collected using image-voice dietary assessment could inform nutrition interventions and policies in Cambodia to improve dietary intakes and nutrition-related health outcomes.

The objective of this study was to explore the knowledge and attitudes regarding seafood safety and consumption, along with preferences and environmental issues in coastal Bangladesh. A cross-sectional, consumer-based survey was conducted in Bangladesh from September to November 2023, targeting 1100 participants aged 18 years and older across seven coastal districts. Convenience sampling and in-person interviews were used for the data collection. The average knowledge and attitude scores toward seafood safety and consumption were 48.2% and 63.5%, respectively. Several factors influenced seafood safety and consumption knowledge, including age, education level, family size, religion, and residence in coastal areas (all P < 0.05). In contrast, attitudes toward seafood safety and consumption were shaped by education level, family size, employment status, seafood allergies, and history of seafood poisoning (all P < 0.05). The most commonly consumed seafood was rupchanda, followed by shrimp. Most participants consumed seafood for its health benefits, with no significant seasonal impact on seafood consumption. Overfishing and climate change were recognised as the most alarming environmental dangers identified by the participants. Coastal communities in Bangladesh have demonstrated moderate attitudes, but relatively low knowledge of seafood safety and consumption. Targeted educational programmes, including community workshops on safe handling and storage, school-based programmes on marine conservation, and digital campaigns via SMS/social media, are needed to improve seafood safety knowledge, while promoting sustainable consumption practices is crucial for addressing environmental concerns like overfishing. Additionally, improving market accessibility and highlighting the health advantages of seafood can drive more informed and healthier consumption choices.