Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.1963303
A. Rijke
This article is published as part of the Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography special issue ‘Palestinian Futures Anticipation, Imagination, Embodiments’, edited by Mikko Joronen, Helga Tawil-Souri, Merav Amir & Mark Griffiths. ABSTRACT The almost 100 Israeli checkpoints that are located inside the West Bank and on its ‘border’ with Israel play a particularly important role in the architecture of occupation. They represent key political technologies that are used to monitor, discipline and/or selectively limit the mobility of Palestinians. In this paper, I analyse the ways in which the design of the newly relaunched Checkpoint 300 in Bethlehem represents a certain specific ‘checkpoint future’, materialized in the continued ‘evolution’ of Checkpoint 300, its machines and ‘façade of legitimacy’: a future in which the Israeli military regime controlling the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) is kept in place and the checkpoints and their inherent violence are increasingly normalized. Furthermore, I argue that this ‘checkpoint future’ does not lead to a less violent or arbitrary checkpoint regime. This remaining presence of violence should not be framed as a failure, instead, the continued presence of violence, analysed here as experienced and expressed in the arbitrary functioning of the checkpoint machines, as well as the ‘legitimised façade’ of Checkpoint 300 are intrinsically bound and an expression of the same violent future: a future with an enduring Israeli military regime in the Occupied Palestinian Territories.
{"title":"Present checkpoint futures: the relaunch of checkpoint 300 in Bethlehem in the occupied Palestinian territories","authors":"A. Rijke","doi":"10.1080/04353684.2021.1963303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2021.1963303","url":null,"abstract":"This article is published as part of the Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography special issue ‘Palestinian Futures Anticipation, Imagination, Embodiments’, edited by Mikko Joronen, Helga Tawil-Souri, Merav Amir & Mark Griffiths. \u0000 ABSTRACT\u0000 The almost 100 Israeli checkpoints that are located inside the West Bank and on its ‘border’ with Israel play a particularly important role in the architecture of occupation. They represent key political technologies that are used to monitor, discipline and/or selectively limit the mobility of Palestinians. In this paper, I analyse the ways in which the design of the newly relaunched Checkpoint 300 in Bethlehem represents a certain specific ‘checkpoint future’, materialized in the continued ‘evolution’ of Checkpoint 300, its machines and ‘façade of legitimacy’: a future in which the Israeli military regime controlling the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) is kept in place and the checkpoints and their inherent violence are increasingly normalized. Furthermore, I argue that this ‘checkpoint future’ does not lead to a less violent or arbitrary checkpoint regime. This remaining presence of violence should not be framed as a failure, instead, the continued presence of violence, analysed here as experienced and expressed in the arbitrary functioning of the checkpoint machines, as well as the ‘legitimised façade’ of Checkpoint 300 are intrinsically bound and an expression of the same violent future: a future with an enduring Israeli military regime in the Occupied Palestinian Territories.","PeriodicalId":47542,"journal":{"name":"Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography","volume":"24 1","pages":"337 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83274753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-06DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.1958357
M. Amir
This article is published as part of the Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography special issue “Palestinian Futures Anticipation, Imagination, Embodiments”, edited by Mikko Joronen, Helga Tawil-Souri, Merav Amir & Mark Griffiths. ABSTRACT The 2005 Israeli Disengagement from the Gaza Strip has left this region in a political and legal limbo. No longer strictly and fully complying with the definition of an occupied territory, the Strip, which has been under siege from 2007, cannot similarly be considered as fully independent. This paper argues that the Israeli control of Gaza is predicated on relegating this control to the past. Accordingly, it offers ‘post-occupation’ as a conceptual framework for deciphering Israel’s modalities of power over the Strip, claiming that rather than signifying a clear break from a now defunct occupation, post-occupation demarcates the persistence of Israeli domination. By rendering Gaza to the status of a post-occupation Israel can infer that Gaza’s future has already arrived, and relinquish its responsibilities towards the Strip and its residents through a fabrication of Palestinian political agency, while holding the Palestinian futures captive. The post-occupation condition therefore confounds normative narrations of time, while disrupting the distinction between past, present and future. This examination of the Disengagement and the siege as operating in tandem reveals that Israel substituted a burdensome and costly occupation with a more parsimonious spatial containment of Gaza, which allowed it to retain its grasp of Palestinian futurity.
{"title":"Post-occupation Gaza: Israel’s war on Palestinian futures","authors":"M. Amir","doi":"10.1080/04353684.2021.1958357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2021.1958357","url":null,"abstract":"This article is published as part of the Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography special issue “Palestinian Futures Anticipation, Imagination, Embodiments”, edited by Mikko Joronen, Helga Tawil-Souri, Merav Amir & Mark Griffiths. ABSTRACT The 2005 Israeli Disengagement from the Gaza Strip has left this region in a political and legal limbo. No longer strictly and fully complying with the definition of an occupied territory, the Strip, which has been under siege from 2007, cannot similarly be considered as fully independent. This paper argues that the Israeli control of Gaza is predicated on relegating this control to the past. Accordingly, it offers ‘post-occupation’ as a conceptual framework for deciphering Israel’s modalities of power over the Strip, claiming that rather than signifying a clear break from a now defunct occupation, post-occupation demarcates the persistence of Israeli domination. By rendering Gaza to the status of a post-occupation Israel can infer that Gaza’s future has already arrived, and relinquish its responsibilities towards the Strip and its residents through a fabrication of Palestinian political agency, while holding the Palestinian futures captive. The post-occupation condition therefore confounds normative narrations of time, while disrupting the distinction between past, present and future. This examination of the Disengagement and the siege as operating in tandem reveals that Israel substituted a burdensome and costly occupation with a more parsimonious spatial containment of Gaza, which allowed it to retain its grasp of Palestinian futurity.","PeriodicalId":47542,"journal":{"name":"Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography","volume":"46 13 1","pages":"283 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87329583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-04DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.1958358
K. Gadd
ABSTRACT This article demonstrates the usefulness of time-geographic approach in research with irregular migrants. Time-geographic approach acknowledges individual space-times as being assembled of multiple elements (e.g. housing, the Internet, friend, fear, legal status). Through an ethnographic research with 50 irregular migrants in Finland, I demonstrate how these irregular migrants try to transform their space-times in order to overcome the adversities in their lives. To transform one’s space-times, it is necessary to intervene on the elements that affect it. Irregular migrants in this research transform their space-times, by trying to withdraw from constraining elements (e.g. unpleasant places, dangerous people, fears) and approaching inciting elements (e.g. safe place, friend, knowledge). In this article, I suggest this theoretical-methodological framework to investigate the interlinkages of these multiple elements in the lives of irregular migrants.
{"title":"Achieving the goals – an analysis of irregular migrants’ possibilities to transform their space-times in Finland","authors":"K. Gadd","doi":"10.1080/04353684.2021.1958358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2021.1958358","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article demonstrates the usefulness of time-geographic approach in research with irregular migrants. Time-geographic approach acknowledges individual space-times as being assembled of multiple elements (e.g. housing, the Internet, friend, fear, legal status). Through an ethnographic research with 50 irregular migrants in Finland, I demonstrate how these irregular migrants try to transform their space-times in order to overcome the adversities in their lives. To transform one’s space-times, it is necessary to intervene on the elements that affect it. Irregular migrants in this research transform their space-times, by trying to withdraw from constraining elements (e.g. unpleasant places, dangerous people, fears) and approaching inciting elements (e.g. safe place, friend, knowledge). In this article, I suggest this theoretical-methodological framework to investigate the interlinkages of these multiple elements in the lives of irregular migrants.","PeriodicalId":47542,"journal":{"name":"Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography","volume":"4 1","pages":"112 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89750679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.1958359
Giorgian Guțoiu
ABSTRACT Football clubs located within competitive metropolitan spaces and owned by local municipalities develop their socio-spatiality through strong multiscalarities. Drawing from the sociology of football, human geography, geopolitical economy and urban studies, our study reveals that, within the competitive metropolitan city-region space, politico-institutional actors may capture small football clubs and competition and exploit them through various scenarios that reflect the politico-institutional scaffolding of local, regional or national scales, or the political, social and economic imaginaries or practices of the politico-institutional actors. Our case study deals with the small clubs from Ilfov county in Romania, which is part of the city-region developed around the global city of Bucharest. Over the last two decades, the Ilfov county has become the most represented county in the first two tiers of the Romanian football league system. Prior to that, clubs from Ilfov were absent from the first tiers. To examine the scalarity of football clubs from Ilfov, we analyse the socio-spatialities of (1) their success in terms of investment, (2) their club identity and (3) the scalar networks involved in hosting international tournaments.
{"title":"The entangled scalarities of football clubs in a competitive metropolitan space: investment, identity and international events","authors":"Giorgian Guțoiu","doi":"10.1080/04353684.2021.1958359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2021.1958359","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Football clubs located within competitive metropolitan spaces and owned by local municipalities develop their socio-spatiality through strong multiscalarities. Drawing from the sociology of football, human geography, geopolitical economy and urban studies, our study reveals that, within the competitive metropolitan city-region space, politico-institutional actors may capture small football clubs and competition and exploit them through various scenarios that reflect the politico-institutional scaffolding of local, regional or national scales, or the political, social and economic imaginaries or practices of the politico-institutional actors. Our case study deals with the small clubs from Ilfov county in Romania, which is part of the city-region developed around the global city of Bucharest. Over the last two decades, the Ilfov county has become the most represented county in the first two tiers of the Romanian football league system. Prior to that, clubs from Ilfov were absent from the first tiers. To examine the scalarity of football clubs from Ilfov, we analyse the socio-spatialities of (1) their success in terms of investment, (2) their club identity and (3) the scalar networks involved in hosting international tournaments.","PeriodicalId":47542,"journal":{"name":"Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography","volume":"1 1","pages":"127 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89751175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-21DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.1954483
Matthew Wellington Caulkins
ABSTRACT In São Paulo, squatting movements provide an alternative route to housing for members. At the same time, they highlight the city’s housing deficit and high rates of property vacancy. This article analyses the spatio-legal work at one of these squats, known as the Prestes Maia occupation, by one housing movement, the ‘Movimento Moradia, Luta e Justiça’ (Housing Struggle and Justice Movement) under the three rubrics of imaginaries, practices and materiality. The paper argues that the movement is not simply lacking property. Rather they are creating insurgent property relations by imagining property differently through slogans and key terms such as ‘luta’ (struggle) that permeated interviews with coordinators and residents at the occupation. They practice property differently by creating novel entanglements of private/collective life at the occupation and in seeking state recognition for the occupation. The movement exploits the building’s differential materiality to situate their community politically as well as physically. The discussion is based on semi-structured interviews with residents, coordinators, the support network of the occupation and local government officials over a six-month period. The study seeks to contribute to the understanding of property relations beyond narrow parameters of formal state validated property rights.
在圣保罗，下蹲运动为成员提供了另一种住房路线。与此同时，它们凸显了该市的住房赤字和高房产空置率。本文分析了“住房斗争与正义运动”(Movimento Moradia, Luta e jusa)在想象、实践和物质性三个主题下，在这些被称为“Prestes Maia占领”的蹲点中的空间法律工作。本文认为，运动并不仅仅是缺乏属性。相反，他们正在通过口号和关键术语，如“luta”(斗争)，以不同的方式想象财产，从而创造叛乱的财产关系，这些口号和关键术语渗透在对占领的协调员和居民的采访中。他们以不同的方式实践财产，在占领地创造私人/集体生活的新纠缠，并寻求国家对占领地的承认。该运动利用建筑的不同物质性，在政治上和物理上定位他们的社区。讨论是基于对居民、协调员、占领区支持网络和当地政府官员为期六个月的半结构化访谈。本研究旨在促进对财产关系的理解，超越正式的国家认可的财产权利的狭窄参数。
{"title":"Insurgent property relations and the spatio-legal work of housing the urban poor: the case of the Prestes Maia occupation in São Paulo","authors":"Matthew Wellington Caulkins","doi":"10.1080/04353684.2021.1954483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2021.1954483","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In São Paulo, squatting movements provide an alternative route to housing for members. At the same time, they highlight the city’s housing deficit and high rates of property vacancy. This article analyses the spatio-legal work at one of these squats, known as the Prestes Maia occupation, by one housing movement, the ‘Movimento Moradia, Luta e Justiça’ (Housing Struggle and Justice Movement) under the three rubrics of imaginaries, practices and materiality. The paper argues that the movement is not simply lacking property. Rather they are creating insurgent property relations by imagining property differently through slogans and key terms such as ‘luta’ (struggle) that permeated interviews with coordinators and residents at the occupation. They practice property differently by creating novel entanglements of private/collective life at the occupation and in seeking state recognition for the occupation. The movement exploits the building’s differential materiality to situate their community politically as well as physically. The discussion is based on semi-structured interviews with residents, coordinators, the support network of the occupation and local government officials over a six-month period. The study seeks to contribute to the understanding of property relations beyond narrow parameters of formal state validated property rights.","PeriodicalId":47542,"journal":{"name":"Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography","volume":"72 1","pages":"93 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78334355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.1944817
A. Steinführer, Katrin Grossmann
ABSTRACT In many regions with long-term structural economic and demographic problems, small towns are shrinking as their urban centres, they are losing population, jobs, vibrancy and infrastructure. Yet, knowledge about their trajectories remains vague as studies on urban shrinkage have so far focused on large cities. When monitoring population change of small towns in Germany, there are ambiguous findings concerning their recent development: On the one hand, natural and migration balances were mostly negative and the population is ageing. On the other, they have become target locations of old-age in-migration. Hidden behind general demographic decline, the towns’ elderly populations are growing in relative and absolute terms. Our paper wants to shed light on these processes. It draws upon explorative empirical research in small towns in Germany. We will present, firstly, elderly’s motivations and actual relocation decisions. Secondly, we will show that these trends remain even largely out of sight of municipal decision makers. By way of conclusion, we argue that urban shrinkage is not a linear but rather a contingent process where overlapping trends, agencies and decisions of various actors together with the more fine-grained unevenness of spatial development can result in unexpected and ambivalent local trajectories.
{"title":"Small towns (re)growing old. Hidden dynamics of old-age migration in shrinking regions in Germany","authors":"A. Steinführer, Katrin Grossmann","doi":"10.1080/04353684.2021.1944817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2021.1944817","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In many regions with long-term structural economic and demographic problems, small towns are shrinking as their urban centres, they are losing population, jobs, vibrancy and infrastructure. Yet, knowledge about their trajectories remains vague as studies on urban shrinkage have so far focused on large cities. When monitoring population change of small towns in Germany, there are ambiguous findings concerning their recent development: On the one hand, natural and migration balances were mostly negative and the population is ageing. On the other, they have become target locations of old-age in-migration. Hidden behind general demographic decline, the towns’ elderly populations are growing in relative and absolute terms. Our paper wants to shed light on these processes. It draws upon explorative empirical research in small towns in Germany. We will present, firstly, elderly’s motivations and actual relocation decisions. Secondly, we will show that these trends remain even largely out of sight of municipal decision makers. By way of conclusion, we argue that urban shrinkage is not a linear but rather a contingent process where overlapping trends, agencies and decisions of various actors together with the more fine-grained unevenness of spatial development can result in unexpected and ambivalent local trajectories.","PeriodicalId":47542,"journal":{"name":"Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography","volume":"10 1","pages":"176 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90204455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.1953280
Katrin Grossmann, A. Mallach
To paraphrase an old saying attributed, probably erroneously, to Abraham Lincoln, God must love small cities, because he (or she) made so many of them. By whatever reasonable definition, they vastly outnumber large cities in almost every country and contain significant shares of each nation’s population. While Germany has three cities of over one million population, and 96 between 100,000 and 1 million, it has 1518 cities between 10,000 and 100,000, which contain 42 percent of the country’s population. In much smaller Hungary, only Budapest, the national capital, has a population over 1 million, while there are seven cities between 100,000 and 1 million, and 137 between 10,000 and 100,000, containing roughly one-third of that nation’s population. It seems clear that small cities are a significant part of the urban system. Research on small cities, defined for our purposes here as those between 10,000 and 100,000 population, is not completely absent from the social scientific literature; moreover, there is some evidence that attention to them is growing, as witness this special issue as well as a recent symposium in City & Community (Ocejo, Kosta, and Mann 2020). That said, there is ample evidence that they have not received attention reflecting their scale in the urban system. Notably, OforiAmoah ironically entitled his book on the subject Beyond the Metropolis: Geography as if Small Cities Mattered (2007), while Atkinson has written more recently that ‘the vast majority of contemporary research and policy development has concentrated in large cities and metropolitan regions [...] within the context of globalizing forces and international competition’ (Atkinson 2019). Wagner and Growe flatly state that ‘Small and medium-sized cities, which are considered to be neither agglomerations nor metropolitan areas nor located in remote rural areas, have been largely ignored in research’ (2021, 106). We would suggest that much of this relative neglect arises from the perception by scholars that, while there may be a great many small cities, they are not particularly interesting; that is, that small cities fail to offer the sort of serious questions about urbanization and change that matter to scholars; as Ocejo et al. suggest
套用一句被认为是亚伯拉罕·林肯(Abraham Lincoln)说过的老话，上帝一定喜欢小城市，因为是他(或她)创造了这么多小城市。无论按照何种合理的定义，几乎每个国家的城市人口都远远超过大城市，而且每个国家的人口中都有很大一部分是城市人口。德国人口超过100万的城市有3个，10万至100万的城市有96个，但人口在1万至10万之间的城市有1518个，占全国人口的42%。在小得多的匈牙利，只有首都布达佩斯的人口超过100万，而10万至100万人口的城市有7个，1万至10万人口的城市有137个，约占全国人口的三分之一。很明显，小城市是城市系统的重要组成部分。对小城市的研究，在这里被定义为人口在1万到10万之间的城市，在社会科学文献中并非完全缺失;此外，有证据表明，人们对它们的关注正在增加，正如本期特刊以及最近在城市与社区(Ocejo, Kosta, and Mann 2020)举行的研讨会所见证的那样。也就是说，有充分的证据表明，他们没有得到重视，反映出他们在城市系统中的规模。值得注意的是，OforiAmoah讽刺地将他的书命名为“超越大都市:小城市重要的地理学”(2007)，而Atkinson最近写道，“绝大多数当代研究和政策发展都集中在大城市和大都市区……]在全球化力量和国际竞争的背景下”(Atkinson 2019)。Wagner和Growe直截了当地指出，“中小城市，既不被认为是集聚区，也不被认为是大都市区，也不位于偏远的农村地区，在研究中基本上被忽视了”(2021,106)。我们认为，这种相对的忽视在很大程度上源于学者们的一种看法，即尽管可能有很多小城市，但它们并不特别有趣;也就是说，小城市没有提出学者关心的关于城市化和变化的严肃问题;正如Ocejo等人建议的那样
{"title":"The small city in the urban system: complex pathways of growth and decline","authors":"Katrin Grossmann, A. Mallach","doi":"10.1080/04353684.2021.1953280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2021.1953280","url":null,"abstract":"To paraphrase an old saying attributed, probably erroneously, to Abraham Lincoln, God must love small cities, because he (or she) made so many of them. By whatever reasonable definition, they vastly outnumber large cities in almost every country and contain significant shares of each nation’s population. While Germany has three cities of over one million population, and 96 between 100,000 and 1 million, it has 1518 cities between 10,000 and 100,000, which contain 42 percent of the country’s population. In much smaller Hungary, only Budapest, the national capital, has a population over 1 million, while there are seven cities between 100,000 and 1 million, and 137 between 10,000 and 100,000, containing roughly one-third of that nation’s population. It seems clear that small cities are a significant part of the urban system. Research on small cities, defined for our purposes here as those between 10,000 and 100,000 population, is not completely absent from the social scientific literature; moreover, there is some evidence that attention to them is growing, as witness this special issue as well as a recent symposium in City & Community (Ocejo, Kosta, and Mann 2020). That said, there is ample evidence that they have not received attention reflecting their scale in the urban system. Notably, OforiAmoah ironically entitled his book on the subject Beyond the Metropolis: Geography as if Small Cities Mattered (2007), while Atkinson has written more recently that ‘the vast majority of contemporary research and policy development has concentrated in large cities and metropolitan regions [...] within the context of globalizing forces and international competition’ (Atkinson 2019). Wagner and Growe flatly state that ‘Small and medium-sized cities, which are considered to be neither agglomerations nor metropolitan areas nor located in remote rural areas, have been largely ignored in research’ (2021, 106). We would suggest that much of this relative neglect arises from the perception by scholars that, while there may be a great many small cities, they are not particularly interesting; that is, that small cities fail to offer the sort of serious questions about urbanization and change that matter to scholars; as Ocejo et al. suggest","PeriodicalId":47542,"journal":{"name":"Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography","volume":"1 1","pages":"169 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76004922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.1944816
A. Coppola, Grazia Di Giovanni, C. Fontana
ABSTRACT The paper presents and discusses the state post-disaster reconstruction intervention (SPDRI) of the city of L'Aquila, Italy, after the 2009 earthquake. The paper argues that SPDRIs are of great interest for the study of the state and, more in particular, of the refashioning of state actions at a time of widening spatial divides and localized crisis. It also argues that SPDRIs and other interventions can be characterized as state projects and should be studied as such at the crossroads of a variety of scientific debates also by looking at their complex relation with the political economies of the places involved. Based on these considerations, the paper looks at the evolution of the successive multi-level inter-governmental relations arrangements (IGRAs) mobilized in L'Aquila's reconstructions and to their outcomes in terms of three critical dimensions: rescaling, governance and spatial reconfiguration. Based on the evidence the paper argues that the role of the state cannot be underestimated, that the conditions for the implementation and success of state projects depend on a variety of preconditions and that a high level of state mobilization can come hand in hand with the absence of a consistent and ambitious state project.
{"title":"Prolific, but undemanding. The state and the post-disaster reconstruction of a small regional capital: the case of L’Aquila, Italy","authors":"A. Coppola, Grazia Di Giovanni, C. Fontana","doi":"10.1080/04353684.2021.1944816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2021.1944816","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper presents and discusses the state post-disaster reconstruction intervention (SPDRI) of the city of L'Aquila, Italy, after the 2009 earthquake. The paper argues that SPDRIs are of great interest for the study of the state and, more in particular, of the refashioning of state actions at a time of widening spatial divides and localized crisis. It also argues that SPDRIs and other interventions can be characterized as state projects and should be studied as such at the crossroads of a variety of scientific debates also by looking at their complex relation with the political economies of the places involved. Based on these considerations, the paper looks at the evolution of the successive multi-level inter-governmental relations arrangements (IGRAs) mobilized in L'Aquila's reconstructions and to their outcomes in terms of three critical dimensions: rescaling, governance and spatial reconfiguration. Based on the evidence the paper argues that the role of the state cannot be underestimated, that the conditions for the implementation and success of state projects depend on a variety of preconditions and that a high level of state mobilization can come hand in hand with the absence of a consistent and ambitious state project.","PeriodicalId":47542,"journal":{"name":"Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography","volume":"5 1","pages":"235 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88944623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-26DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.1929383
T. Chang, Faith Oh
ABSTRACT The emergence of the Singapore heartland as a tourist environment is explored. The ‘heartland’ refers to suburban residential neighbourhoods, often sited away from mainstream attractions and iconic landmarks, and seldom visited by mass tourists. The increasing trend of visitors to the heartlands and companies offering heartland tours is studied. Applying the concepts of ‘frontstage’ (featuring mainstream attractions) and ‘backstage’ (offering alternative sites), the production and consumption of heartland spaces are interrogated. The notion of ‘tourism place making’ is also introduced as we look at how tour companies attempt to ‘make places’ in the heartlands that appeal to visitors, and how tourists in turn ‘place make’ as they experience the landscapes. We argue, however, that there are limits to place making. Just as tour companies are incapable of transforming spaces into affective landscapes of tourism, likewise travellers encounter cultural shocks and other difficulties that mitigate against their place attachment. Further research on tourism place making in non-mainstream sites is required if we are to fully appreciate the complex relations between tourism, people and places.
{"title":"Discovering the ‘heart’ in heartland tourism","authors":"T. Chang, Faith Oh","doi":"10.1080/04353684.2021.1929383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2021.1929383","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The emergence of the Singapore heartland as a tourist environment is explored. The ‘heartland’ refers to suburban residential neighbourhoods, often sited away from mainstream attractions and iconic landmarks, and seldom visited by mass tourists. The increasing trend of visitors to the heartlands and companies offering heartland tours is studied. Applying the concepts of ‘frontstage’ (featuring mainstream attractions) and ‘backstage’ (offering alternative sites), the production and consumption of heartland spaces are interrogated. The notion of ‘tourism place making’ is also introduced as we look at how tour companies attempt to ‘make places’ in the heartlands that appeal to visitors, and how tourists in turn ‘place make’ as they experience the landscapes. We argue, however, that there are limits to place making. Just as tour companies are incapable of transforming spaces into affective landscapes of tourism, likewise travellers encounter cultural shocks and other difficulties that mitigate against their place attachment. Further research on tourism place making in non-mainstream sites is required if we are to fully appreciate the complex relations between tourism, people and places.","PeriodicalId":47542,"journal":{"name":"Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography","volume":"26 1","pages":"75 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84121668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-25DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.1931398
C. Harker
This article is published as part of the Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography special issue ‘Palestinian Futures Anticipation, Imagination, Embodiments’, edited by Mikko Joronen, Helga Tawil-Souri, Merav Amir & Mark Griffiths. ABSTRACT Existing conceptualisations of financial inclusion must account for the promise of a better future that is an integral part of such processes. This argument is drawn from an analysis of elite-led financial inclusion processes in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Financial inclusion names processes through which poorer people become enfolded in financial technologies, practices and markets. Such processes circulate globally, taking on different forms in different contexts. In the Palestinian context, financial inclusion must be understood in relation to ongoing Israeli settler-colonialism. In this context, elite-led financial inclusion processes only make sense if understood as acts through which institutions promise particular futures. The promises of financial inclusion supersede a number of other promises, particularly those tied to the Oslo Accords. Part of the power of the promissory stems from the fact that the institutions making them cannot be held accountable in the present for what is promised in the future. This paper stresses the importance of promissory not in relation to its future realisation, but rather as an illocutionary act that makes certain things possible in the present. In the Occupied Palestinian Territories, this is the endurance of financial institutions outside a statehood framing.
{"title":"The promise of financial inclusion: finance as future in Palestine","authors":"C. Harker","doi":"10.1080/04353684.2021.1931398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2021.1931398","url":null,"abstract":"This article is published as part of the Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography special issue ‘Palestinian Futures Anticipation, Imagination, Embodiments’, edited by Mikko Joronen, Helga Tawil-Souri, Merav Amir & Mark Griffiths. ABSTRACT Existing conceptualisations of financial inclusion must account for the promise of a better future that is an integral part of such processes. This argument is drawn from an analysis of elite-led financial inclusion processes in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Financial inclusion names processes through which poorer people become enfolded in financial technologies, practices and markets. Such processes circulate globally, taking on different forms in different contexts. In the Palestinian context, financial inclusion must be understood in relation to ongoing Israeli settler-colonialism. In this context, elite-led financial inclusion processes only make sense if understood as acts through which institutions promise particular futures. The promises of financial inclusion supersede a number of other promises, particularly those tied to the Oslo Accords. Part of the power of the promissory stems from the fact that the institutions making them cannot be held accountable in the present for what is promised in the future. This paper stresses the importance of promissory not in relation to its future realisation, but rather as an illocutionary act that makes certain things possible in the present. In the Occupied Palestinian Territories, this is the endurance of financial institutions outside a statehood framing.","PeriodicalId":47542,"journal":{"name":"Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography","volume":"104 1","pages":"320 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82517003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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