Pub Date : 2022-03-27DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2022.2055607
N. Özgen
ABSTRACT … ‘Humanity’ is an apparatus that could be used ideologically (Schmitt 1963, 55). This study analyses the ideological practices of the state/power -including panoptic surveillance and organic integrity practices- in the discipline of human geography through the lenses of curriculum, scientific freedom, and autonomy. Human geographers have long analysed the sociospatial traits of societies using scientific perspectives. However, in many socioeconomically less-developed countries like Turkey, human geography and other social sciences, portray social issues through the meticulously designed ideological expectations of powers, rather than universal scientific criteria. This ideological structure damages the scientific development of human geography and hinders students’ abilities to practice coexistence with other groups by instilling a dependent consciousness.
{"title":"Ideological productions in human geography as an apparatus of the state/power","authors":"N. Özgen","doi":"10.1080/04353684.2022.2055607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2022.2055607","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT … ‘Humanity’ is an apparatus that could be used ideologically (Schmitt 1963, 55). This study analyses the ideological practices of the state/power -including panoptic surveillance and organic integrity practices- in the discipline of human geography through the lenses of curriculum, scientific freedom, and autonomy. Human geographers have long analysed the sociospatial traits of societies using scientific perspectives. However, in many socioeconomically less-developed countries like Turkey, human geography and other social sciences, portray social issues through the meticulously designed ideological expectations of powers, rather than universal scientific criteria. This ideological structure damages the scientific development of human geography and hinders students’ abilities to practice coexistence with other groups by instilling a dependent consciousness.","PeriodicalId":47542,"journal":{"name":"Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography","volume":"2009 1","pages":"362 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76749675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-22DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2022.2050778
O. Mason, N. Megoran
ABSTRACT Whereas geographers have outlined the effect of neoliberalism on the discipline, we ask how neoliberalism has particularly altered what it means to be a geographer. We do this by exploring geography as a vocation. After a summary of debates about academia and vocation, we present an overview of autobiographical and biographical writing on becoming a geographer. In these accounts, we note the increased attention that has been paid to issues of race, class, gender and precarity as shaping both what geography is and who can pursue it. These accounts are then contrasted with visual timeline interviews we undertook with geographers in UK secondary and higher education. We found a strong sense that geography is not simply a job, but a calling or vocation. However, this experience of vocation is being undermined by neoliberalism marked in particular by metricization and casualization. We argue, however, that both individually and collectively geographers are finding ways to resist the deforming effects of neoliberalism and to reclaim a sense of vocation. Although we recognize that vocation is a problematic and historically situated notion, we conclude that it is a productive new way to approach contemporary debates on what it means to be a geographer under neoliberalism.
{"title":"Geography as a vocation? Becoming a geographer under neoliberalism","authors":"O. Mason, N. Megoran","doi":"10.1080/04353684.2022.2050778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2022.2050778","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Whereas geographers have outlined the effect of neoliberalism on the discipline, we ask how neoliberalism has particularly altered what it means to be a geographer. We do this by exploring geography as a vocation. After a summary of debates about academia and vocation, we present an overview of autobiographical and biographical writing on becoming a geographer. In these accounts, we note the increased attention that has been paid to issues of race, class, gender and precarity as shaping both what geography is and who can pursue it. These accounts are then contrasted with visual timeline interviews we undertook with geographers in UK secondary and higher education. We found a strong sense that geography is not simply a job, but a calling or vocation. However, this experience of vocation is being undermined by neoliberalism marked in particular by metricization and casualization. We argue, however, that both individually and collectively geographers are finding ways to resist the deforming effects of neoliberalism and to reclaim a sense of vocation. Although we recognize that vocation is a problematic and historically situated notion, we conclude that it is a productive new way to approach contemporary debates on what it means to be a geographer under neoliberalism.","PeriodicalId":47542,"journal":{"name":"Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography","volume":"92 1","pages":"17 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80471805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-22DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2022.2052739
L. Stolz
ABSTRACT Entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) are currently a major theme of entrepreneurship research and policies designed to support entrepreneurship. However, the role of specific policy instruments in EEs often remains unclear. This paper contributes to research on that topic by analysing the role of start-up competitions (SUCs) in the contrasting German case study regions Berlin and Hanover. Based on 45 qualitative interviews with participants in two public SUCs, their organizers, and ecosystem experts, the role that the SUCs play in each EE is investigated. Both analysed SUCs serve as networking events that can be described as ‘anchor events’ for specific parts of their ecosystems. They provide strong support for participants and help local entrepreneurship support offices connect and allocate their resources efficiently. However, sub-networks of entrepreneurs and actors who are not connected to the SUCs are identified. The SUCs seem to work primarily for public actors, ‘solid’ entrepreneurs, and university spin-offs. International venture capitalists, wealthy business angels, and high growth firms are not involved in the competitions. Both analysed regions influence the perceived value of their competitions, e.g. in terms of the industrial expertise of jurors.
{"title":"Start-up competitions as anchor events in Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: first findings from two German regions","authors":"L. Stolz","doi":"10.1080/04353684.2022.2052739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2022.2052739","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) are currently a major theme of entrepreneurship research and policies designed to support entrepreneurship. However, the role of specific policy instruments in EEs often remains unclear. This paper contributes to research on that topic by analysing the role of start-up competitions (SUCs) in the contrasting German case study regions Berlin and Hanover. Based on 45 qualitative interviews with participants in two public SUCs, their organizers, and ecosystem experts, the role that the SUCs play in each EE is investigated. Both analysed SUCs serve as networking events that can be described as ‘anchor events’ for specific parts of their ecosystems. They provide strong support for participants and help local entrepreneurship support offices connect and allocate their resources efficiently. However, sub-networks of entrepreneurs and actors who are not connected to the SUCs are identified. The SUCs seem to work primarily for public actors, ‘solid’ entrepreneurs, and university spin-offs. International venture capitalists, wealthy business angels, and high growth firms are not involved in the competitions. Both analysed regions influence the perceived value of their competitions, e.g. in terms of the industrial expertise of jurors.","PeriodicalId":47542,"journal":{"name":"Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography","volume":"18 1","pages":"38 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80396504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-06DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2022.2040376
Mattias Qviström
ABSTRACT Contemporary planning for urban densification permits the exploitation of the spacious green areas developed for recreation during the welfare planning of the 1960s–70s. Historical studies of welfare planning are needed to better understand the potential values under threat. Answering Colin McFarlane’s call for relational studies of density, this paper offers a complementary examination of the relational geography of green space provision in the 1970s, to reveal what the development of the compact city both silences and (literally) replaces. This relational approach departs from the flat ontology of Actor-network theory. The study captures how ideals of recreation, nature, welfare, planning and the rhythms of life assembled into a geography for recreation in the early 1970s, and how this topology crumbles a decade later. While the green spaces of the 1970s linger on today, their reinterpretation as green structure in the 1980s and 1990s partly veils their former role and potential. The paper interprets the legacy of welfare planning, and provides a base for further examination of the geography of green space provision.
{"title":"Finding the pulse of the welfare landscape: reframing green space provision in modernist planning","authors":"Mattias Qviström","doi":"10.1080/04353684.2022.2040376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2022.2040376","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Contemporary planning for urban densification permits the exploitation of the spacious green areas developed for recreation during the welfare planning of the 1960s–70s. Historical studies of welfare planning are needed to better understand the potential values under threat. Answering Colin McFarlane’s call for relational studies of density, this paper offers a complementary examination of the relational geography of green space provision in the 1970s, to reveal what the development of the compact city both silences and (literally) replaces. This relational approach departs from the flat ontology of Actor-network theory. The study captures how ideals of recreation, nature, welfare, planning and the rhythms of life assembled into a geography for recreation in the early 1970s, and how this topology crumbles a decade later. While the green spaces of the 1970s linger on today, their reinterpretation as green structure in the 1980s and 1990s partly veils their former role and potential. The paper interprets the legacy of welfare planning, and provides a base for further examination of the geography of green space provision.","PeriodicalId":47542,"journal":{"name":"Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography","volume":"30 1","pages":"269 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74973182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2022.2040377
Mikkel Høghøj
This article is published as part of the Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography special issue ‘Revisiting the Green Geographies of Welfare Planning’, edited by Johan Pries & Mattias Qviström. ABSTRACT This article uses Køge Bay Seaside Park as a case to explore the relations between welfare planning, landscapes and the urbanization of nature in 1970s and 1980s Denmark. In recent years, scholars have increasingly pointed to the constitutive role of green spaces and recreational landscapes in the realization of the Nordic welfare model. Until now, this research has mainly concentrated on green spaces in the form of forests, parks and open green spaces on housing estates. Yet, as this article demonstrates, Danish welfare planning also involved the creation of new city-sea geographies that spatialized the welfare society as an everyday experience. More specifically, Køge Bay Seaside Park exhibits the instrumental role of landscapes the making of Danish welfare urbanism. To demonstrate this, the article draws attention to the multiple and extensive ways in which the seaside park’s landscape rested upon and entailed the urbanization of nature. Focusing on water, the article examines how such processes unfolded through multiple scales and layers of the landscape. In the seaside park, water appeared in many different forms – as bathing water, wastewater, potential floods and as a representation of physical and social well-being – and were formative in the production of new city-sea relations and welfare lifestyles.
{"title":"Between the city and the sea: the welfare landscape of Køge Bay seaside park and the urbanization of nature in post-war Denmark","authors":"Mikkel Høghøj","doi":"10.1080/04353684.2022.2040377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2022.2040377","url":null,"abstract":"This article is published as part of the Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography special issue ‘Revisiting the Green Geographies of Welfare Planning’, edited by Johan Pries & Mattias Qviström. ABSTRACT This article uses Køge Bay Seaside Park as a case to explore the relations between welfare planning, landscapes and the urbanization of nature in 1970s and 1980s Denmark. In recent years, scholars have increasingly pointed to the constitutive role of green spaces and recreational landscapes in the realization of the Nordic welfare model. Until now, this research has mainly concentrated on green spaces in the form of forests, parks and open green spaces on housing estates. Yet, as this article demonstrates, Danish welfare planning also involved the creation of new city-sea geographies that spatialized the welfare society as an everyday experience. More specifically, Køge Bay Seaside Park exhibits the instrumental role of landscapes the making of Danish welfare urbanism. To demonstrate this, the article draws attention to the multiple and extensive ways in which the seaside park’s landscape rested upon and entailed the urbanization of nature. Focusing on water, the article examines how such processes unfolded through multiple scales and layers of the landscape. In the seaside park, water appeared in many different forms – as bathing water, wastewater, potential floods and as a representation of physical and social well-being – and were formative in the production of new city-sea relations and welfare lifestyles.","PeriodicalId":47542,"journal":{"name":"Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography","volume":"6 1","pages":"209 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74662292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2022.2032256
Giacomo Valzania
This article is published as part of the Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography special issue ‘Revisiting the green geographies of welfare planning’, edited by Johan Pries and Mattias Qviström. ABSTRACT In the midst of the growing ecological crisis, the ‘compact city’ has become the mainstream urban paradigm for the sustainable future of western cities. However, the uneven implementation of densification policies can have adverse impacts on the amount and quality of urban green spaces, which are vital resources for local communities. This paper explores the controversies of introducing compactness in the case of Toronto’s ‘towers in the park’: housing estates built in comprehensively planned neighbourhoods from the 1950s through the 1970s. It does so through the lenses of urban design and landscape planning, by tracking the evolution of narratives that underpin the current urban regime, and by assessing their legitimacy from the perspective of residents. The findings highlight a persistent mismatch between Toronto’s dominant urban design paradigm and the sociomaterial context of its uncritical application. Exemplar episodes of tower infill show two discursive tropes to justify compactness: the alleged underuse of open spaces, and the creation of a proper public realm by replacing these spaces with buildings and streets. Beyond uncovering the fallacy of both claims, this paper outlines an alternative perspective for more equitable strategies for common green spaces, outside unconditional protection and zealous quest for “value uplift.”
{"title":"Towers Once in the Park: Uprooting Toronto's Welfare Landscapes","authors":"Giacomo Valzania","doi":"10.1080/04353684.2022.2032256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2022.2032256","url":null,"abstract":"This article is published as part of the Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography special issue ‘Revisiting the green geographies of welfare planning’, edited by Johan Pries and Mattias Qviström. ABSTRACT In the midst of the growing ecological crisis, the ‘compact city’ has become the mainstream urban paradigm for the sustainable future of western cities. However, the uneven implementation of densification policies can have adverse impacts on the amount and quality of urban green spaces, which are vital resources for local communities. This paper explores the controversies of introducing compactness in the case of Toronto’s ‘towers in the park’: housing estates built in comprehensively planned neighbourhoods from the 1950s through the 1970s. It does so through the lenses of urban design and landscape planning, by tracking the evolution of narratives that underpin the current urban regime, and by assessing their legitimacy from the perspective of residents. The findings highlight a persistent mismatch between Toronto’s dominant urban design paradigm and the sociomaterial context of its uncritical application. Exemplar episodes of tower infill show two discursive tropes to justify compactness: the alleged underuse of open spaces, and the creation of a proper public realm by replacing these spaces with buildings and streets. Beyond uncovering the fallacy of both claims, this paper outlines an alternative perspective for more equitable strategies for common green spaces, outside unconditional protection and zealous quest for “value uplift.”","PeriodicalId":47542,"journal":{"name":"Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography","volume":"84 1","pages":"227 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80432987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.2025412
Ville Kellokumpu, Heikki Sirviö
ABSTRACT Depoliticization has emerged as a key concept in analyzing the changing political dynamics of capitalist democracies. Yet, the concept of public interest has been relatively absent in depoliticization literature. This article argues for a more systematic inclusion of public interest politics in scrutinizing de- and repoliticization. The argument is advanced through strategic-relational theory by interpreting public interest as (1) a terrain of political struggles, (2) a mode of doing politics and (3) a method of enquiry. These dynamics are examined in the empirical context of Finnish forest industry’s political strategy in the Kaipola paper mill closure in August 2020. The forest conglomerate UPM-Kymmene politicized its paper mill shutdown by shifting the responsibility to the centre-left governmental coalition’s purportedly business-hostile policies. However, analyzing the case through UPM strategies and the paper production crisis, the closure falls in line with the forest industry’s long-term business strategy. The forest industry’s and UPM’s strategy is recognized as a forceful defense of a corporate polity where public interest is equated with the success of key economic actors. The article concludes with an argument for the politics of public interest as a vital research perspective for analyzing contradictions surrounding ‘the economy’.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.2020674
Stina Ellevseth Oseland
ABSTRACT How can an oil city pursue ambitious local climate politics and policies? Through a critical discussion of the process and debates over the making of an ambitious climate and energy action plan (CAP) in Norway’s oil capital, Stavanger, this paper dissects the paradoxes evident in pursuing local climate policy and politics in a city with high dependence on oil revenue and an identity closely tied to the oil industry. With an analysis of how different actors frame place, scale and knowledge, the paper explores politicians’ arguments, understandings and contestations, revealing how such a plan came into being. The analysis shows a discrepancy in how the actors understand climate change in terms of scale, whether it is an issue suitable for local governance and politics or not, and how they regard the city’s potential role in climate transformation. By mobilizing Stavanger’s past transformation from a poor fishery city into an oil capital to a future as a low-carbon sustainable city, the idea of the city’s transformative capacity became clear. This made space for politicians and parties to change their view on climate change as a matter for local governance and politics, culminating in the passing of a very ambitious CAP.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2022.2032791
A. Paasi
ABSTRACT This essay introduces the special issue of Geografiska Annaler B, which includes revised and extended articles originally presented at the Vega Symposium in Stockholm in 2021. The symposium entitled Bounded Spaces in Question: X-raying the Persistence of Regions and Territories focused on the continuing importance and challenges of regions, territories and borders, both in geographical thinking and in different social (political, cultural and economic) practices. These keywords and their multiple concepts have become highly important in geographic and interdisciplinary literature since the 1990s. The purpose of this Special Issue is to bring these categories into the same framework and to problematize the changing nature of bounded spaces and related power relations. The articles by Anssi Paasi, Alexander B. Murphy, Martin Jones and Linn Axelsson seek to transcend the ‘self-evident’ meanings of these categories and examine the related theoretical and practical challenges at different spatial scales. The authors examine the changing meanings of these keywords in an increasingly diverse political geographical landscape, characterized by globalization, various forms of mobility, the rise of populism and (right-wing) nationalism, and the simultaneous opening and closing of regional/territorial spaces.
本文介绍了Geografiska Annaler B的特刊，其中包括2021年斯德哥尔摩Vega研讨会上发表的修订和扩展文章。题为“有界空间问题:透视区域和领土的持久性”的专题讨论会集中讨论了区域、领土和边界在地理思想和不同社会(政治、文化和经济)实践方面的持续重要性和挑战。自20世纪90年代以来，这些关键词及其多重概念在地理和跨学科文献中变得非常重要。本期特刊的目的是将这些类别纳入同一框架，并对有限空间和相关权力关系的变化性质提出问题。Anssi Paasi、Alexander B. Murphy、Martin Jones和Linn Axelsson的文章试图超越这些类别的“不言而喻”意义，并在不同的空间尺度上研究相关的理论和实践挑战。在全球化、各种形式的流动性、民粹主义和(右翼)民族主义的兴起以及区域/领土空间的同时开放和关闭等日益多样化的政治地理格局中，作者考察了这些关键词的含义变化。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.2022987
A. B. Murphy
This article is published as part of the Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography special issue based on the Vega symposium: ‘Bounded spaces in question: X-raying the persistence of regions and territories, edited by Anssi Paasi. ABSTRACT A concern with territory may seem anachronistic in the face of the interconnected, fluid, topologically complex political-geographic landscape of the twenty-first century. Yet in many places borders are hardening, the movement of people is becoming more limited, and state nationalism is gaining ground. The recent rise of populist-nationalist movements and the responses to the spread of SARS-CoV-2 around the world are illustrative of conflicting political and social dynamics that are simultaneously reinforcing and challenging dominant territorial ideas and assumptions. Coming to grips with this state of affairs demands an increasingly sophisticated engagement with the concept of territory–one that treats territory as a shifting, yet sticky, element of a complex system that is constantly being remade through the interplay of material circumstances and ideological dispositions.
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