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Examining the persistence of bounded spaces: remarks on regions, territories, and the practices of bordering 审视有界空间的持久性:关于区域、领土和边界实践的评论
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.2023320
A. Paasi
This article is published as part of the Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography special issue based on the Vega symposium: ‘Bounded spaces in question: X-raying the persistence of regions and territories, edited by Anssi Paasi. ABSTRACT Regions and territories become institutionalized as part of wider geohistorical processes and practices in which these spatial entities accomplish their borders, institutions, symbolisms and normally contested identity narratives. The borders of bounded spaces are ever more topical today because of the mobilities of human beings (tourists, migrants, refugees), the rise of (ethno-)nationalism and regionalism, anti-immigration discourses and racism; features that expose the ideological significance of territories and the forms of physical and symbolic violence that are frequently embedded in borders/bordering. This essay explores the tenacity of bounded spaces in academic research and in social practices, and the meanings attached to such spaces. It will analyze how geographers and other social scientists have understood and conceptualized regional and territorial spaces and traces the evolution of the keywords in border studies. Borders are material and ideological constructs, institutions, processes and symbols that are critical in the production and reproduction of regions/territories, identities and ideologies. The article leans on author’s idea of spatial socialization and Shields’ notion of social spatialization in making sense of how the obstinate power of borders is embedded in the production and reproduction of bounded spaces and in the process of subjectification.
这篇文章是《地理年鉴》的一部分:B系列,基于维加研讨会的人文地理学特刊:“有界空间的问题:用x光透视区域和领土的持久性”,由Anssi Paasi编辑。作为更广泛的地理历史进程和实践的一部分,区域和领土变得制度化,在这些空间实体中实现了它们的边界、制度、象征和通常有争议的身份叙事。由于人类(游客、移民、难民)的流动性、(民族)民族主义和地区主义的兴起、反移民话语和种族主义,边界空间的边界在今天变得更加热门;这些特征揭示了领土的意识形态意义,以及经常嵌入边界/边界的物理和象征性暴力形式。本文探讨了有界空间在学术研究和社会实践中的坚韧性,以及赋予这些空间的意义。它将分析地理学家和其他社会科学家如何理解和概念化区域和领土空间,并追溯边界研究中关键词的演变。边界是物质和意识形态的结构、制度、过程和符号,对地区/领土、身份和意识形态的生产和再生产至关重要。本文借助作者的空间社会化思想和希尔兹的社会空间化思想来理解边界的顽固性力量是如何嵌入到有界空间的生产和再生产以及主体化过程中的。
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引用次数: 14
Border timespaces: understanding the regulation of international mobility and migration 边界时间空间:理解国际流动和移民的监管
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2022.2027260
L. Axelsson
This article is published as part of the Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography special issue based on the Vega symposium: 'Bounded spaces in question: X-raying the persistence of regions, territories and borders, edited by Anssi Paasi. ABSTRACT The distorted shape of many of today’s political borders has been widely noted. An increasingly sprawling body of literature in geography and beyond has explored the growing spatial ambiguity of borders which are now seen as both externalized and networked throughout society. There is some recognition that the spatial reconfiguration of borders to appear in locations that challenge conventional assumptions about the relationship between state, border and territory may involve a temporal dimension; however, the many ways in which time and space work through each other to shape what it means to move in and out of a political community have remained largely overlooked. In order to make sense of the complex temporal and spatial entanglements involved in contemporary bordering processes, I advance an understanding of borders as devices which selectively contract and expand the distance between internal and external spaces and mobilize and immobilize migrants by altering the speed and rhythm of their movements. A focus on dynamic, fragmented and ephemeral border timespaces, in my view, offers a more nuanced account of how the cross-border movements of migrants are currently regulated.
本文是《地理年鉴》B辑人文地理学特刊的一部分,以维加研讨会为基础:“有界空间的问题:用x光透视区域、领土和边界的持久性”,由Anssi Paasi编辑。当今许多政治边界的扭曲形态已被广泛关注。在地理和其他领域,越来越多的文学作品探索了边界日益增长的空间模糊性,这些边界现在被视为整个社会的外部化和网络化。人们已经认识到,出现在挑战关于国家、边界和领土之间关系的传统假设的地点的边界的空间重构可能涉及时间维度;然而,时间和空间相互作用的许多方式决定了进入和离开一个政治社区的意义,这在很大程度上仍然被忽视了。为了理解当代边界过程中涉及的复杂的时间和空间纠缠,我提出了一种对边界的理解,它是一种有选择地收缩和扩大内部和外部空间之间距离的装置,并通过改变其运动的速度和节奏来调动和固定移民。在我看来,关注动态的、碎片化的和短暂的边界时间空间,可以更细致地说明目前移民的跨境流动是如何受到监管的。
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引用次数: 7
For a ‘new new regional geography’: plastic regions and more-than-relational regionality 对于“新新区域地理”:可塑区域和超越关系的地域性
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2022.2028575
Martin Jones
This article is published as part of the Geographical Annaler: Series B, Human Geography special issue based on the Vega symposium: ‘Bounded spaces in question: X-raying the persistence of regions and territories, edited by Anssi Paasi. ABSTRACT This paper firstly delimits a ‘new new regional geography’ centered on whether regions can be seen as relational and networked or/and territorial and scalar concerns, and beyond this, what relationality and its various topological twists means. Debates have sought ways forward by seeing regions as assembled temporary permanencies and how regions are formed and then endure despite conditions of continual change. The paper engages specifically with Allen’s (2012) notion of a ‘more than relational geography’, which questions what kind of regional entities are being made and sustained. The paper secondly advances this via notions of ‘plastic space’ to take forward debates on a more than relational geography of regions, where regions are flexible but not totally arbitrary, constrained by contextual realities forged in and through time as the plasticity of institutional combinations. Malabou’s plasticity ontology is deployed to raise important questions on the limits to seeing the regional world through always elastic deformations and the stretching of objects and relations, which can lead to thrown-together topological vagaries.
这篇文章发表在《地理年鉴:B系列,人文地理特刊》上,以维加研讨会为基础:“有界空间的问题:用x光透视区域和领土的持久性”,由Anssi Paasi编辑。本文首先界定了一个“新新区域地理学”,其核心是区域是否可以被视为关系和网络,或者/和领土和标量问题,除此之外,关系及其各种拓扑扭曲意味着什么。辩论通过将区域视为临时永久的集合以及区域如何形成并在不断变化的条件下持续存在来寻求前进的道路。本文特别关注了Allen(2012)的“超越关系地理学”的概念,该概念质疑了什么样的区域实体正在形成和维持。其次,本文通过“可塑空间”的概念推进了这一点,以推动对区域关系地理学的讨论,其中区域是灵活的,但不是完全任意的,受时间锻造的背景现实的限制,作为制度组合的可塑性。Malabou的可塑性本体论提出了一些重要的问题,即通过物体和关系的弹性变形和拉伸来看待区域世界的局限性,这可能导致拓扑的变幻莫测。
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引用次数: 16
What types of cultural cooperation exist in European cross-border areas? 欧洲跨境地区存在哪些类型的文化合作?
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.2015245
F. Durand
ABSTRACT Since 1992, culture has been an official competence of the European Union. De facto, the EU has the legitimacy and means to intervene and change collective representations and social dynamics, including in border regions, in order to bring people together and build a Europe ‘united in diversity’. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the cross-border dynamics in cultural matters, and to examine the realization of cultural projects as a driving force in the process of cross-border integration. The approach is based on a spatial analysis of the cultural projects co-financed by Interreg over the 2000–2020 period, enabling to provide an overview of the cross-border cultural initiatives undertaken. The results reveal first that strong spatial disparities exist between programming spaces in terms of cultural investment. Second, that cross-border cultural cooperation mainly involves municipalities, and not primarily cultural actors. Third, although a diverse range of cultural projects have been developed over the last twenty years, the emphasis has been more on tourism projects. These achievements bring into question the role of Interreg programming in cultural matters in the dynamics of cross-border integration, since it fosters an economic approach to culture at the expense of social and identity issues.
自1992年以来,文化一直是欧盟的官方职权范围。事实上,欧盟拥有干预和改变集体代表和社会动态的合法性和手段,包括在边境地区,以将人们聚集在一起,建立一个“多样性团结”的欧洲。本文的目的是研究文化事务的跨境动态,并考察文化项目的实现在跨境融合过程中的驱动作用。该方法基于对Interreg在2000-2020年期间共同资助的文化项目的空间分析,从而提供了所开展的跨境文化倡议的概述。研究结果表明,城市规划空间在文化投资方面存在较大的空间差异。第二,跨境文化合作的主体主要是城市,而非文化主体。第三,虽然在过去的二十年里发展了各种各样的文化项目,但重点更多地放在旅游项目上。这些成就使人们对跨国界一体化动态中文化事务的跨区域规划的作用产生疑问,因为它以牺牲社会和身份问题为代价,促进了对文化的经济处理。
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引用次数: 2
An exploration of spatial differences and influencing factors of migrant attainment in Chinese cities 中国城市流动人口学历空间差异及影响因素研究
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-11-26 DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.2007785
Rumin Zheng, Lin Mei, Hongqiang Jiang, Shuo Zhen, Ye Wei
ABSTRACT Spatial inequality in migrant attainment has become a core issue in migrant welfare and urbanization. This paper investigates the spatial differences and related factors of migrant attainment in 337 Chinese cities using national survey data and applying the factor analysis method. The results indicate that migrants’ challenges in the economic and residential dimensions contribute the most to the relatively low degree of migrant attainment. The spatial distribution of migrant attainment is reflected in higher grades clustered in blocks in separate provinces. The economic and residential dimensions have opposite outcomes and reveal differences between China's north and south. The cultural and psychological dimensions are homogeneous, and the civil rights dimension is zonal. The spatial pattern of migrant attainment is jointly shaped by both the characteristics of the receiving cities and the migrants themselves. Hindrance factors involving policy differentiation and spatial barriers have the greatest impact. This paper puts into practice the theory of human-space relationship, provides a deeper research connotation, and delves deeper into the role of migrants and receiving cities. These findings provide an path to increase migrant attainment and spatial equality: determine the spatial characteristics – clarify the dimensions of lower migrant attainment – address the key influencing factors.
流动人口学历空间不平等已成为流动人口福利与城市化的核心问题。本文利用全国调查数据,运用因子分析法,对中国337个城市流动人口成就的空间差异及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,农民工在经济和居住方面的挑战是导致农民工学历相对较低的主要原因。流动人口学历的空间分布反映在不同省份的高等级群体中。经济和居住维度的结果相反,显示了中国南北之间的差异。文化和心理维度具有同质性,民权维度具有地域性。流动人口成就的空间格局是由城市特征和流动人口自身特征共同塑造的。政策分异和空间障碍等阻碍因素的影响最大。本文将人-空间关系理论付诸实践,提供了更深入的研究内涵,并对移民和接收城市的作用进行了更深入的探讨。这些发现为提高移民成就和空间平等提供了一条路径:确定空间特征-澄清低移民成就的维度-解决关键影响因素。
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引用次数: 0
Failed development in global networks, exemplified by extractive industries in Bolivia and Ghana 全球网络发展失败,玻利维亚和加纳的采掘业就是一个例子
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.1991237
Sören Scholvin
ABSTRACT For the World Bank, integration into the global economy is the path towards development. Its experts argue that the Global South will benefit from easing barriers to investment and trade, thus facilitating interaction between transnational corporations and local enterprises. Yet, there is growing scepticism regarding the prospects to develop in global networks. This article delves into their dark side. Following critical scholarship, the author suggests that integration into global networks is a process that creates winners and losers. It leads to uneven development. To analyse concrete mechanisms that underlie the process of failed development, he drafts a heuristic on exclusion, downgrading, and non-participation from/in global networks. This approach is tested against the backdrop of the hydrocarbon sector in Bolivia and Ghana. In Bolivia, indigenous suppliers suffer from downgrading, exclusion, and non-participation because of a recent shift to a turn-key model and sector-specific entry barriers. Ghana is marked by non-participation of local firms, mostly due to endogenous problems: corruption and institutional deficiencies, little industrialization, a high interest rate, and rent-seeking. These findings confirm that caution with regard to the possibilities to develop in global networks is justified, but they also indicate that not every development problem results from global network participation.
对世界银行来说,融入全球经济是实现发展的必经之路。该组织的专家认为,全球南方国家将受益于投资和贸易壁垒的放松,从而促进跨国公司与当地企业之间的互动。然而,人们对在全球网络中发展的前景越来越怀疑。这篇文章深入探讨了他们的阴暗面。根据批判性的学术研究,作者认为融入全球网络是一个创造赢家和输家的过程。导致发展不平衡。为了分析导致发展失败的具体机制,他起草了一份关于排斥、降级和不参与全球网络的启发式报告。这种方法在玻利维亚和加纳的油气行业进行了测试。在玻利维亚,由于最近转向交钥匙模式和特定部门的进入壁垒,本土供应商遭受降级、排斥和不参与的影响。加纳的特点是当地公司不参与,主要是由于内生问题:腐败和制度缺陷,工业化程度低,高利率和寻租。这些调查结果证实,对在全球网络中发展的可能性持谨慎态度是合理的,但它们也表明,并非所有发展问题都是由参与全球网络造成的。
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引用次数: 0
Modern living in a forest – landscape architecture of Finnish forest suburbs in the 1940s–1960s 森林中的现代生活——20世纪40 - 60年代芬兰森林郊区的景观建筑
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-10-16 DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.1989320
Ranja Hautamäki, J. Donner
ABSTRACT The article examines Finnish forest suburbs in the 1940s–1960s. We highlight the role of landscape architecture – a dimension that has received limited attention. Suburban landscapes have largely remained as an invisible background of modern architecture without design history of their own. Our article focuses on forest landscapes and discusses how they were conceptualized and implemented by urban and landscape planners. With the case studies of Tapiola and Vuosaari, we demonstrate that forests were not neutral and ‘natural’, but culturally constructed and carefully designed. We look at the construction of nature in landscape architecture and show how suburban forests were amenitized by recreation facilities and embedded with moral and restorative aspirations. In both cases, nature was the starting point; however, the design approaches evince clear differences. In Tapiola, the aim was the aestheticization of the forest – enhancing nature with design interventions – whereas in Vuosaari, the focus was on the natural state. Forests were regarded as a specifically Finnish landscape, which rooted rural migrants to their new home. The national dimension was also manifested by using native biotopes and tree species. Finnishness was consciously constructed, and modern living in the forest became the national and international icon of urban planning.
本文考察了20世纪40年代至60年代芬兰的森林郊区。我们强调景观建筑的作用——这是一个受到有限关注的维度。郊区景观在很大程度上仍然是现代建筑的无形背景,没有自己的设计历史。我们的文章主要关注森林景观,并讨论了城市和景观规划者如何概念化和实施森林景观。通过对Tapiola和Vuosaari的案例研究,我们证明了森林不是中性的和“自然的”,而是文化建构和精心设计的。我们着眼于景观建筑中的自然构造,展示了郊区森林是如何被娱乐设施美化的,并融入了道德和恢复的愿望。在这两种情况下,自然都是起点;然而,设计方法表现出明显的差异。在Tapiola,目的是美化森林,通过设计干预来增强自然,而在Vuosaari,重点是自然状态。森林被认为是芬兰特有的景观,使农村移民扎根于他们的新家园。国家维度还体现在使用本地生物群落和树种上。芬兰性是有意识地构建的,森林中的现代生活成为国家和国际城市规划的标志。
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引用次数: 5
Mothers gather: the fractured temporalities of Palestinian motherhood 母亲们聚集在一起:巴勒斯坦母亲的支离破碎的临时性
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.2001669
Diana K. Allan
This article is published as part of the Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography special issue ‘Palestinian Futures Anticipation, Imagination, Embodiments’, edited by Mikko Joronen, Helga Tawil-Souri, Merav Amir & Mark Griffiths. ABSTRACT The Arabic saying, ‘al-umm bitlim', literally ‘the mother gathers' speaks to the way mothers are imagined as a centripetal force that brings and holds the family together. For Palestinian refugees in Lebanon, now in their seventh decade of exile, the task of gathering and holding the family together becomes increasingly challenging. Decades of war and internecine fighting have made the destruction of home and its regeneration a way of life; rupture and loss are routine and prepared for; families are displaced yet again; and it is mothers, above all, who are tasked with managing survival and building futures for their children. As an analytic, motherhood affords access to the temporal and gendered imaginaries of family life and futurity. Ambivalently positioned between private and public – the domestic intimacies of child-rearing and larger social worlds – the roles ascribed to mothers reveal a shifting, intersecting set of societal expectations and historical forces. This paper explores what it means to sustain and care for children in and through and against conditions of protracted displacement and crisis, where the future appears foreclosed. It considers the disjunction between the imagined and lived selfhood of Suhaila, a mother from Shatila camp now seeking asylum in Belgium with her family.
这篇文章发表在Geografiska Annaler: B系列,人文地理特刊“巴勒斯坦未来的预期,想象,体现”,由Mikko Joronen, Helga tawill - souri, Merav Amir和Mark Griffiths编辑。阿拉伯谚语“al-umm bitlim”,字面意思是“母亲聚集”,说明母亲被想象为将家庭聚集在一起的向心力。对于流亡黎巴嫩的巴勒斯坦难民来说,现在已经是他们流亡的第七个十年了,将家人聚集在一起的任务变得越来越具有挑战性。几十年的战争和内讧使家园的破坏和重建成为一种生活方式;破裂和损失是常规的和准备的;家庭再次流离失所;最重要的是,母亲们肩负着管理生存和为孩子构建未来的任务。作为一个分析者,母性提供了进入家庭生活和未来的时间和性别想象的途径。在私人和公共之间的矛盾定位——抚养孩子的家庭亲密关系和更大的社会世界——赋予母亲的角色揭示了一种不断变化的、交叉的社会期望和历史力量。本文探讨了在长期流离失所和危机的情况下,在未来似乎丧失抵押品赎回权的情况下,维持和照顾儿童意味着什么。它考虑了苏海拉想象中的自我与现实中的自我之间的脱节。苏海拉是一位来自夏提拉难民营的母亲,现在与家人一起在比利时寻求庇护。
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引用次数: 1
Palestinian futures: anticipation, imagination, embodiments. Introduction to special issue 巴勒斯坦的未来:期待,想象,体现。特刊简介
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.2004196
M. Joronen, Helga Tawil-Souri, M. Amir, M. Griffiths
Palestinian futures: anticipation, imagination, embodiments. Introduction to special issue Mikko Joronen , Helga Tawil-Souri, Merav Amir and Mark Griffiths d Space and Political Agency Research Group (SPARG), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, New York University, New York, NY, USA; School of Natural and Built Environment, Geography, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK; Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
巴勒斯坦的未来:期待,想象,体现。芬兰坦佩雷大学空间与政治机构研究小组(SPARG) Mikko Joronen, Helga tawill - souri, Merav Amir和Mark Griffiths;纽约大学中东与伊斯兰研究中心,纽约,美国;贝尔法斯特女王大学自然与建筑环境地理学院,英国贝尔法斯特;地理、政治和社会学,纽卡斯尔大学,泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔,英国
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引用次数: 4
Decolonizing [in the] future: scenes of Palestinian temporality 未来的非殖民化:巴勒斯坦暂时性的场景
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2021.1963806
Nayrouz Abu Hatoum
This article is published as part of the Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography special issue ‘Palestinian Futures Anticipation, Imagination, Embodiments', edited by Mikko Joronen, Helga Tawil-Souri, Merav Amir & Mark Griffiths. ABSTRACT In this paper, I examine different treatments of the future in Palestine through four scenes. I argue that the four scenes offer a reorientation of Palestinian temporality, in which there exists a multiplicity of temporal orderings of the past and the future. I situated Palestinian futures as imagined and communicated by Palestinian artists against the hegemonic narrative of a futurity that single out the path to statehood as the ultimate future for Palestine. I show that despite the violence that the Israeli state inflicts on Palestinian daily life, which affects their ability to imagine something else outside the immediate everyday, Palestinian struggle for liberation is always already future-oriented. The four scenes suggest that the future for Palestinians resides in the working of the imaginative in which the future might evoke a past or haunt the present. Thus, when read closely, Palestinian temporality can be viewed as cyclical, not linear. In Aamer Hlehel’s play, the past haunts the future, while in Hadeel’s Assali’s letter the past describes the liberated future. The continuous loss is enfolded into future traces in the form of memory in Samar Hazboun’s work, and in the form of evidence, or daleel- in Jawad’s Al Malhi’s work.
这篇文章发表在Geografiska Annaler: B系列,人文地理特刊“巴勒斯坦未来的预期,想象,体现”,由Mikko Joronen, Helga tawill - souri, Merav Amir和Mark Griffiths编辑。在本文中,我通过四个场景来考察对巴勒斯坦未来的不同处理。我认为,这四个场景提供了巴勒斯坦时间性的重新定位,其中存在着过去和未来的多重时间顺序。我把巴勒斯坦的未来定位为巴勒斯坦艺术家想象和传达的未来,反对霸权主义的未来叙事,这种未来将通往国家的道路作为巴勒斯坦的最终未来。我认为,尽管以色列对巴勒斯坦人的日常生活施加了暴力,影响了他们想象日常生活之外其他事情的能力,但巴勒斯坦人争取解放的斗争始终是面向未来的。这四个场景表明,巴勒斯坦人的未来取决于想象力的发挥,其中未来可能唤起过去或困扰现在。因此,当仔细阅读时,巴勒斯坦的暂时性可以被看作是周期性的,而不是线性的。在Aamer helhel的戏剧中,过去困扰着未来,而在Hadeel的Assali的信中,过去描述了解放的未来。在萨马尔·哈兹本的作品中,这种持续的损失以记忆的形式被包裹在未来的痕迹中,而在贾瓦德·阿尔·马尔希的作品中,则以证据的形式被包裹在未来的痕迹中。
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引用次数: 10
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