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Physiological, behavioral, and self-report outcomes of acceptance- and regulation-based exposure for intrusive thoughts 以接受和调节为基础的侵扰性思维暴露的生理、行为和自我报告结果
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100850
Brooke M. Smith, Jennifer L. Barney, Clarissa W. Ong, Tyson S. Barrett, Michael E. Levin, Michael P. Twohig
Leading theories regarding the mechanisms of exposure for OCD focus on Pavlovian fear reduction more than operant processes. Acceptance-based exposure directly targets operant behavior. Integrating these perspectives could lead to a more robust understanding of mechanisms of change in exposure and more effective and enduring treatments. The current study investigated acceptance and regulation of distress during exposure. Participants with intrusive thoughts were randomized into three groups, Acceptance (n = 23), Regulation (n = 20), and Control (n = 21), and completed two behavioral avoidance tests (BATs) 1 week apart. Active conditions completed a 30-min exposure plus 6 days of 10-min exposures at home; Control participants watched videos of the same durations. Self-report measures were collected at both sessions, and behavioral, subjective, and physiological repeated measures data were collected during both BATs. Compared to Control, active conditions decreased OCD symptom severity, rituals, and skin conductance levels, while Acceptance showed lower skin conductance levels than Regulation and Control. Acceptance showed greater willingness and psychological flexibility than Control, while Regulation did not. Results support theorized mechanisms of change in acceptance-based exposure and suggest willingness to experience distress may paradoxically lead to decreased physiological arousal, which has important implications for treatment and future research.
关于强迫症暴露机制的主要理论侧重于巴甫洛夫恐惧减少法,而不是操作过程。基于接受的暴露疗法直接针对操作行为。将这些观点结合起来,可以更深入地了解暴露中的变化机制,以及更有效、更持久的治疗方法。目前的研究调查了暴露过程中的接受和对痛苦的调节。有侵入性想法的参与者被随机分为三组:接受组(23 人)、调节组(20 人)和控制组(21 人),并完成了两次行为回避测试(BATs),每次间隔一周。主动型参与者在家完成 30 分钟的暴露和 6 天 10 分钟的暴露;控制型参与者观看相同时长的视频。在两次测试中都收集了自我报告测量数据,并在两次 BAT 测试中收集了行为、主观和生理重复测量数据。与 "对照组 "相比,"主动组 "的强迫症症状严重程度、仪式和皮肤电导水平都有所下降,而 "接受组 "的皮肤电导水平则低于 "调节组 "和 "对照组"。与 "对照组 "相比,"接受组 "表现出更大的意愿和心理灵活性,而 "调节组 "则没有。研究结果支持接受型暴露的理论变化机制,并表明愿意体验痛苦可能会自相矛盾地导致生理唤醒降低,这对治疗和未来研究具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Capturing the context of drug use for college students: A contextual behavioural science informed qualitative analysis of harm reduction practices using network feedback loops simulation modelling 捕捉大学生使用毒品的背景:利用网络反馈回路模拟建模对减低危害做法进行有背景的行为科学定性分析
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100844
Vasilis S. Vasiliou , Laoise Meany , Chiarra Belluci , Samantha Dockray , Conor Linehan , Samantha Dick , Martin P. Davoren , Michael Byrne
Drug use during college can have substantial harm on students' lives and impacts the institutions' functioning and local communities. Yet existing interventions for drug use at college poorly address the concurrent dynamic influences of the experiences in earlier developmental periods of young adults and the proximal contextual triggers of college life; both risk factors that can contribute to drug use. To address this, we leveraged system dynamic methods and contextual-behavioural science (CBS) approaches to support the development of interventions focusing at addressin these risk factors. Using Causal Loop Diagram methods (Vensim PLE), we collected qualitative data from college students to generate Network Feedback Loops (NFLs) (n = 24, Maged 22 years old), during the development phase of the MyUse: a contextual behavioural change intervention for harm reduction practices at college students. The findings underscored central nodes (determinants within an intervention) that support our previous identified three CBS-harm-reduction practices for college students (targeted edges: mindful drug-use decision making, value-based activities, context-sensitive personalized plan of harm reduction). Analyses revealed 4 NFLs for students with previous drug use, consisting of 13 edges (4 positive, 2 negative, and 4 balancing reinforcing relationships) and 3 NFLs for students with no previous drug use, consisting of 4 positives, one negative, and one balancing relationship. All the NFLs were nested with the three CBS-related targeted outcomes. College students who use drugs need drug-related knowledge about the unpredictable and adverse effects of drugs, presented in a compassionate way and distributed from credible resources (e.g., students’ unions/club). Students with no previous drug use need education about the effects of drugs and awareness of how drugs can devaluate value-based activities (e.g. sports, friendships, social life). These should be delivered via proxy cue reminders and mobile-text approaches conveying messages about drug use susceptibility, distributed in real-time. Idiosyncratic, dynamic, and contextual-bound factors of lapse risks or preventive practices should account for each person-specific vulnerabilities via personalized harm reduction plans.
在大学期间使用毒品会对学生的生活造成巨大伤害,并影响学校的运作和当地社区。然而,现有的针对大学期间吸毒问题的干预措施并不能很好地解决青少年早期成长时期的经历和大学生活的近似环境触发因素的并发动态影响;这两种风险因素都可能导致吸毒。为了解决这个问题,我们利用系统动态方法和情境行为科学(CBS)方法来支持干预措施的开发,重点解决这些风险因素。在 "MyUse:针对大学生减低伤害行为的情境行为变化干预 "的开发阶段,我们使用因果循环图方法(Vensim PLE)收集了大学生的定性数据,以生成网络反馈循环(NFLs)(n = 24,Maged 22 岁)。研究结果强调了中心节点(干预措施中的决定因素),这些节点支持我们之前确定的针对大学生的三项 CBS 减害实践(目标边缘:用心的药物使用决策、基于价值的活动、情境敏感的个性化减害计划)。分析表明,针对曾吸食毒品的学生,有 4 个 NFL,包括 13 个边缘(4 个正向、2 个负向和 4 个平衡强化关系);针对未吸食毒品的学生,有 3 个 NFL,包括 4 个正向、1 个负向和 1 个平衡关系。所有 NFL 都与三个 CBS 相关的目标结果嵌套。吸食毒品的大学生需要毒品相关知识,了解毒品的不可预知性和不良影响,这些知识应以同情的方式呈现,并从可靠的资源(如学生会/俱乐部)分发。没有吸食过毒品的学生需要了解毒品的影响,并认识到毒品会贬低以价值为基础的活动(如体育、友谊、社交生活)。这些教育应通过代理提示提醒和手机短信的方式进行,传达有关吸毒易感性的信息,并实时发布。应通过个性化的减低危害计划,将失效风险或预防措施的偶然、动态和环境约束因素考虑到每个人的具体弱点。
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引用次数: 0
Emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility in adolescents: Discriminant validity and associations with internalizing symptoms and functional impairment 青少年的情绪失调和心理僵化:区分有效性以及与内化症状和功能障碍的关联
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100847
Tara Gudarzi , Matti Cervin
Emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility are widely regarded as key contributors to a range of mental health issues and are integral to several treatment models in the mental health field. However, no study has examined whether the two constructs reflect distinct aspects of psychological functioning or whether they can be clearly differentiated from mental health symptoms and associated impairment. Adolescence is a key period for the onset of mental health problems, making a better understanding of psychological processes involved in mental health in this age group important. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-16, emotion dysregulation) and the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y8, psychological inflexibility) are widely used assessment tools of emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility, but critical evaluations of their validity are sparse. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, we examined the discriminant validity of emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility as measured via the DERS-16 and the AFQ-Y8 in a sample of 633 adolescents (Mage = 16.6 [1.98]). Emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility did not demonstrate discriminant validity. Instead, four strongly correlated factors emerged, each comprising a combination of items from both assessment tools: (1) interference stemming from distressing thoughts and emotions, (2) negative self-evaluation, (3) loss of control when emotional, and (4) confusion about one's emotions. These factors were strongly correlated and adequately captured by an overarching factor, which we termed the X factor, which in turn was very strongly correlated with core symptoms of anxiety and depression and functional impairment stemming from mental health issues. In conclusion, the constructs of emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility, as assessed by the DERS-16 and AFQ-Y8, do not show discriminant validity in adolescents. Furthermore, the constructs measured by these tools are almost empirically indistinguishable from anxiety, depression, and functional impairment.
情绪失调和心理不灵活被广泛认为是导致一系列心理健康问题的关键因素,也是心理健康领域多种治疗模式不可或缺的组成部分。然而,还没有研究探讨过这两个概念是否反映了心理功能的不同方面,或者它们是否可以与心理健康症状和相关损伤明确区分开来。青春期是心理健康问题发生的关键时期,因此更好地了解这一年龄段人群的心理健康过程非常重要。情绪调节困难量表(DERS-16,情绪调节障碍)和青少年回避与融合问卷(AFQ-Y8,心理不灵活)是被广泛使用的情绪调节障碍和心理不灵活的评估工具,但对其有效性的批判性评估却很少。通过探索性和确认性因子分析,我们以 633 名青少年(Mage = 16.6 [1.98])为样本,研究了通过 DERS-16 和 AFQ-Y8 测量的情绪失调和心理不灵活的判别有效性。情绪失调和心理不灵活并没有表现出区别有效性。相反,出现了四个相关性很强的因子,每个因子都由两个评估工具中的项目组合而成:(1) 由痛苦的想法和情绪引起的干扰,(2) 消极的自我评价,(3) 情绪失控,(4) 对自己的情绪感到困惑。这些因素之间具有很强的相关性,并被我们称之为 X 因子的总体因子所充分捕捉,而 X 因子又与焦虑和抑郁的核心症状以及由心理健康问题引起的功能障碍具有很强的相关性。总之,DERS-16 和 AFQ-Y8 所评估的情绪失调和心理不灵活这两个构念在青少年中并没有显示出区别有效性。此外,这些工具所测量的建构与焦虑、抑郁和功能障碍几乎没有经验上的区别。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in university students’ behaviour and study burnout risk during ACT-based online course intervention: A mixed methods study 基于 ACT 的在线课程干预中大学生行为和学习倦怠风险的变化:混合方法研究
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100845
Kristiina Räihä, Henna Asikainen, Nina Katajavuori
Previous research in higher education has shown that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) -based interventions have beneficial effects on students’ well-being. However, not much is known about the range of behaviour changes behind these outcomes.
In this mixed methods study, we explored the variety of the changes ACT-based course participating university students (N = 101) describe in their reflective learning reports. We did so by applying the Extended Evolutionary Meta Model (EEMM) in abductive content analysis, and by applying network visualisation of the various study burnout risk change groups.
The results showed that the largest proportion of students described changes in the EEMM dimension of overt behaviour (75%), especially time and effort management. Vitality, and decreased distress were the most described outcomes related to behaviour changes.
Study burnout risk decreased significantly at the course level. When observing the interrelations of behaviour changes in the networks of burnout risk change groups, alongside time and effort management, attentional and affective dimensions representing present moment awareness and acceptance were central changes in the group that had the greatest reduction in burnout risk. These findings contribute to the need to map out the variety of beneficial mechanisms and serve further idiographic research about changes during study-integrated ACT-based interventions.
以往的高等教育研究表明,以接纳与承诺疗法(ACT)为基础的干预措施对学生的身心健康有益。在这项混合方法研究中,我们探讨了参与 ACT 课程的大学生(人数 = 101)在其反思学习报告中描述的各种变化。我们在归纳内容分析中应用了扩展进化元模型(EEMM),并对不同的学习倦怠风险变化群体进行了网络可视化分析。结果显示,最大比例的学生描述了公开行为的 EEMM 维度变化(75%),尤其是时间和精力管理。在课程层面,学习倦怠风险显著降低。在观察倦怠风险改变群体网络中行为改变的相互关系时,除了时间和精力管理,代表当下意识和接受的注意力和情感维度也是倦怠风险降低幅度最大的群体的核心改变。这些发现表明,有必要绘制出各种有益机制的图谱,并为进一步研究基于ACT的研究整合干预过程中的变化提供服务。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the interconnectedness of depression, anxiety, diabetes distress, and related psychosocial factors in adults with type 2 diabetes: A network analysis 探索 2 型糖尿病成人患者抑郁、焦虑、糖尿病困扰及相关社会心理因素之间的相互联系:网络分析
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100843
Wanting Zu , Fei Li , Xiaoxuan Ma , Shiyun Zhang , Wenbo Nie , Lisheng Wang

Background and objective

Anxiety, depression, and diabetes distress are three common psychological distresses among people with type 2 diabetes. Although previous research has explored factors associated with them, most studies have viewed these factors as independent constructs, overlooking the complex interactions between these factors, which can limit our understanding of psychological symptoms and associated factors from an integrated perspective. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between psychological distress outcomes and related psychological factors in people with diabetes from a network analysis perspective and further provide evidence for the selection of specific psychological intervention targets.

Design and setting

A cross-sectional study was conducted in person at diabetes centers of three tertiary hospitals in China.

Participants

481 adults with type 2 diabetes (62% male; mean age 51.91 ± 13.64 years; mean HbA1c 9.34 ± 2.23%) were recruited between December 2022 and April 2023.

Methods

Psychological distress outcomes and related factors analyzed included depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), diabetes distress (DDS), acceptance level (AADQ), cognitive fusion (CFQ), social support (PSSS), and self-efficacy (DMSES). Correlation analyses and network analyses were used to explore complex associations among these variables.

Results

The network included ten nodes, diabetes-related interpersonal distress, anxiety, and regimen-related distress were the most influential in the network. Significant relationships emerged in networks with five nodes, with both acceptance level and cognitive fusion associated with the general psychological distress and diabetes distress; social support demonstrated stable associations with all three psychological outcomes in each network.

Conclusion

After controlling for other factors, psychological flexibility and social support could still be significantly associated with psychological distress outcomes, indicating the potential to integrate them as transdiagnostic processes into psychological interventions for this population. However, the results of this study are based on the group level, and the dynamic networks of individuals need to be further explored in order to meet the needs of individuals in different contexts.
背景和目的焦虑、抑郁和糖尿病困扰是2型糖尿病患者常见的三种心理困扰。尽管以往的研究探讨了与之相关的因素,但大多数研究将这些因素视为独立的建构,忽略了这些因素之间复杂的相互作用,这可能会限制我们从综合的角度对心理症状和相关因素的理解。本研究旨在从网络分析的角度探讨糖尿病患者的心理困扰结果与相关心理因素之间的关系,并进一步为选择特定的心理干预目标提供证据。方法分析的心理困扰结果及相关因素包括抑郁(PHQ-9)、焦虑(GAD-7)、糖尿病困扰(DDS)、接受程度(AADQ)、认知融合(CFQ)、社会支持(PSSS)和自我效能(DMSES)。结果该网络包括 10 个节点,与糖尿病相关的人际困扰、焦虑和与治疗相关的困扰在网络中影响最大。在包含五个节点的网络中,接受程度和认知融合与一般心理困扰和糖尿病困扰相关;在每个网络中,社会支持与所有三个心理结果都有稳定的关联。结论在控制了其他因素后,心理灵活性和社会支持仍与心理困扰结果有显著关联,这表明有可能将它们作为跨诊断过程整合到对该人群的心理干预中。然而,本研究的结果是基于群体层面的,个体的动态网络还需要进一步探索,以满足不同背景下个体的需求。
{"title":"Exploring the interconnectedness of depression, anxiety, diabetes distress, and related psychosocial factors in adults with type 2 diabetes: A network analysis","authors":"Wanting Zu ,&nbsp;Fei Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoxuan Ma ,&nbsp;Shiyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenbo Nie ,&nbsp;Lisheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><div>Anxiety, depression, and diabetes distress are three common psychological distresses among people with type 2 diabetes. Although previous research has explored factors associated with them, most studies have viewed these factors as independent constructs, overlooking the complex interactions between these factors, which can limit our understanding of psychological symptoms and associated factors from an integrated perspective. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between psychological distress outcomes and related psychological factors in people with diabetes from a network analysis perspective and further provide evidence for the selection of specific psychological intervention targets.</div></div><div><h3>Design and setting</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted in person at diabetes centers of three tertiary hospitals in China.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>481 adults with type 2 diabetes (62% male; mean age 51.91 ± 13.64 years; mean HbA1c 9.34 ± 2.23%) were recruited between December 2022 and April 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Psychological distress outcomes and related factors analyzed included depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), diabetes distress (DDS), acceptance level (AADQ), cognitive fusion (CFQ), social support (PSSS), and self-efficacy (DMSES). Correlation analyses and network analyses were used to explore complex associations among these variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The network included ten nodes, diabetes-related interpersonal distress, anxiety, and regimen-related distress were the most influential in the network. Significant relationships emerged in networks with five nodes, with both acceptance level and cognitive fusion associated with the general psychological distress and diabetes distress; social support demonstrated stable associations with all three psychological outcomes in each network.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>After controlling for other factors, psychological flexibility and social support could still be significantly associated with psychological distress outcomes, indicating the potential to integrate them as transdiagnostic processes into psychological interventions for this population. However, the results of this study are based on the group level, and the dynamic networks of individuals need to be further explored in order to meet the needs of individuals in different contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100843"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of a randomized controlled trial of mobile app-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on depressive symptoms and process variables in college students - Focusing on the mediating effects of acceptance and cognitive defusion- 基于手机应用的 "接纳与承诺疗法 "随机对照试验对大学生抑郁症状和过程变量的影响--关注接纳和认知化解的中介效应
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100842
Narae Jeong , Eunjung Kim , Jonghoon Chun
As social costs rise due to the increasing prevalence of depression, there is a growing emphasis on cost-effective and evidence-based psychotherapeutic methods. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for depression is an effective approach that reduces depressive symptoms and helps prevent recurrence by enhancing psychological flexibility. This study developed a mobile app-based ACT and tested its effectiveness for college students with depression. Eighty college students with depression were randomly assigned to either a treatment group (n = 41) or a control group (n = 39). The treatment group received mobile app-based ACT for 4 weeks, the control group waited without treatment. The scores from pre, post, and follow-up assessments were compared between the two groups. Significant interaction effects of time and group were found for depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as for treatment process variables such as acceptance, inflexibility, defusion, values, commitment, and mindfulness. Acceptance and cognitive defusion emerged as significant mediators in the impact of mobile app-based ACT on depression. The mobile app-based ACT effectively reduced depression and improved treatment process variables, demonstrating its cost-effectiveness. The study also discusses the implications, limitations, and directions for future research.
随着抑郁症发病率的上升导致社会成本的增加,人们越来越重视具有成本效益和以证据为基础的心理治疗方法。接受与承诺疗法(ACT)治疗抑郁症是一种有效的方法,它能减轻抑郁症状,并通过增强心理灵活性来预防抑郁症复发。本研究开发了一种基于手机应用的 ACT,并测试了其对患有抑郁症的大学生的疗效。80 名患有抑郁症的大学生被随机分配到治疗组(41 人)或对照组(39 人)。治疗组接受为期 4 周的基于手机应用的 ACT 治疗,对照组不接受治疗。两组的治疗前、治疗后和随访评估得分进行了比较。结果发现,在抑郁和焦虑症状方面,以及在治疗过程变量(如接受、不灵活、化解、价值观、承诺和正念)方面,时间和组别之间存在显著的交互效应。在基于手机应用的 ACT 对抑郁症的影响中,接受和认知化解成为重要的中介因素。基于移动应用程序的 ACT 有效减少了抑郁,改善了治疗过程变量,证明了其成本效益。本研究还讨论了其意义、局限性和未来研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Third wave interventions for adolescents with mental health disorders: A systematic review with meta-analysis 针对有心理健康障碍的青少年的第三波干预措施:系统回顾与荟萃分析
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100841
Paul Sandery, John Baranoff, Diana Dorstyn
Third wave interventions have demonstrated efficacy as a treatment option to promote wellbeing in adolescents. Evidence of their effectiveness for chronic mental health disorders remains unclear. The PubMed, PsycINFO, ProQuest, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched from inception until March 2024 for five established interventions: acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), compassion focused therapy, dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Risk of bias was assessed (QualSyst tool), and standardized mean group differences (Hedges’ g) with associated p-values, 95% confidence intervals, and prediction intervals calculated. Three randomized controlled trials and 10 single-group designs, all assessing DBT and representing 700 adolescents (most with subthreshold or full syndrome borderline personality disorder), were included. All studies were of sound methodological quality. DBT was associated with large and significant reductions in mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, emotional regulation, suicidal ideation, self-harm, and BPD symptoms; g range = 0.69 to 1.05) – although individual variability in treatment response was noted. Symptom improvements were maintained at follow-up (g range = 0.70 to 1.71), although based on limited data. Neither DBT intensity nor duration significantly moderated treatment effects. DBT is the most assessed intervention for adolescents with severe emotional or behavioral problems. Additional controlled studies with diverse samples are needed to confirm the unique effects of DBT relative to other promising third wave interventions. Protocol registration: Open Science Framework [https://osf.io/fgd2j/].
第三波干预作为一种促进青少年健康的治疗方法,已被证明具有疗效。但其对慢性精神疾病的疗效证据仍不明确。我们在 PubMed、PsycINFO、ProQuest、Embase 和 CINAHL 数据库中检索了从开始到 2024 年 3 月的五种成熟的干预方法:接受与承诺疗法 (ACT)、同情疗法、辩证行为疗法 (DBT)、正念认知疗法和正念减压疗法 (MBSR)。对偏倚风险进行了评估(QualSyst 工具),并计算了标准化平均组间差异(Hedges'g)及相关的 P 值、95% 置信区间和预测区间。共纳入了 3 项随机对照试验和 10 项单组设计,所有试验都对 DBT 进行了评估,代表了 700 名青少年(大多数患有阈下或完全综合征边缘型人格障碍)。所有研究都具有良好的方法质量。DBT 能显著减少心理健康症状(抑郁、焦虑、情绪调节、自杀意念、自残和 BPD 症状;g 范围 = 0.69 至 1.05),但治疗反应存在个体差异。尽管数据有限,但症状改善在随访中得以保持(g 范围 = 0.70 至 1.71)。DBT 的强度和持续时间都没有明显调节治疗效果。DBT 是针对有严重情绪或行为问题的青少年进行的评估最多的干预措施。还需要进行更多不同样本的对照研究,以确认 DBT 相对于其他有前途的第三波干预措施的独特效果。协议注册:开放科学框架[https://osf.io/fgd2j/]。
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引用次数: 0
Contextual-compassion training for borderline personality disorder with long lasting symptoms: A randomized clinical trial 针对边缘型人格障碍长期持续症状的情境同情训练:随机临床试验
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100846
Elisabet Casellas-Pujol , Joaquim Soler , Carlos Schmidt , Anna Soria-Madrid , Matilde Elices , Juan Carlos Pascual
Long-term follow-up studies have shown that the symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) tend to remit over time. However, many patients present long lasting symptoms (LLS), including low mood, emptiness, and persistent impairment in psychosocial adjustment. Given the high rate of LLS in BPD patients, new treatment strategies are needed. We conducted a randomized clinical trial (RCT) to evaluate the efficacy of a novel intervention that combines self-compassion and contextual-based skills for patients with persistent symptoms. Sixty BPD individuals with LLS who had received dialectical behavior therapy skills training (DBT-ST) in the previous six months were recruited and randomized to receive the experimental intervention or treatment as usual (TAU) for 12 weeks. All participants were evaluated pre- and post-intervention and at 3-months follow-up. The primary outcome measure was self-reported well-being. Other clinical variables were also evaluated, including depressive symptoms, BPD symptoms, functionality, self-compassion, and self-criticism. Participants in the experimental arm showed a significant increase in indicators of well-being (e.g., happiness and quality of life) and a significant decrease in depressive symptoms. These results were sustained—and even continued to improve—at the three-month follow-up. No significant changes were observed in BPD severity, self-criticism, or self-compassion. More RCTs are needed to test the efficacy of new interventions targeting this population with persistent symptoms, not only to reduce symptoms but also to promote well-being and personal recovery.
长期跟踪研究表明,边缘型人格障碍(BPD)的症状往往会随着时间的推移而缓解。然而,许多患者会出现长期持久的症状(LLS),包括情绪低落、空虚和持续的社会心理适应障碍。鉴于 BPD 患者的 LLS 发生率很高,因此需要新的治疗策略。我们进行了一项随机临床试验(RCT),以评估一种结合了自我同情和基于情境的技能的新型干预措施对持续症状患者的疗效。我们招募了 60 名在过去 6 个月中接受过辩证行为疗法技能训练(DBT-ST)的患有 LLS 的 BPD 患者,并随机分配他们接受为期 12 周的实验干预或常规治疗(TAU)。所有参与者均在干预前、干预后和 3 个月随访时接受评估。主要结果指标是自我报告的幸福感。同时还评估了其他临床变量,包括抑郁症状、BPD 症状、功能、自我同情和自我批评。实验组的参与者在幸福感指标(如幸福感和生活质量)方面有显著提高,而抑郁症状则有显著下降。这些结果在三个月的随访中得以保持,甚至继续改善。在 BPD 严重程度、自我批评或自我同情方面没有观察到明显的变化。我们需要进行更多的研究性试验,以检验针对这一具有持续症状的人群的新干预措施的有效性,这些干预措施不仅能减轻症状,还能促进幸福感和个人康复。
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引用次数: 0
Existential therapies and the extended evolutionary meta-model: Turning existential philosophy into process-based therapy 存在主义疗法和扩展进化元模型:将存在主义哲学转化为基于过程的疗法
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100840
Ross G. Menzies , Rachel E. Menzies

This article reviews the central theoretical claims found in the various psychotherapeutic approaches broadly referred to as the existential therapies. Despite substantial differences across existential packages, these therapies broadly arise from the theoretical position that the pain and suffering common to our species arises, not from illnesses hypothesized in traditional medical and psychiatric accounts, but rather from a set of existential concerns that all humans must face. These ‘givens’ of existence include death, identity, isolation, meaning, and freedom. From this theoretical perspective, all branches and brands of psychotherapy need to include some procedures to address these issues. Evidence for the importance of these constructs in human experience is presented, followed by evidence for existential therapies themselves. A dearth of quality research trials establishing a strong evidence base for this branch of therapy was noted. Further, process-based research in this area was shown to be weak. That is, few researchers have sought to show that the hypothesized processes are responsible for the changes observed in existential therapy. We describe how viewing existential therapy through a Process-Based Therapy (PBT) framework and the Extended Evolutionary Meta-Model (EEMM) will encourage: (1) a greater examination of the processes of change occurring; (2) an expansion in the way in which existential therapies operate, enabling the inclusion of procedures drawn from other therapeutic modalities; and (3) more nuanced targeting of existential processes in any given case.

本文回顾了被广泛称为存在主义疗法的各种心理治疗方法的核心理论主张。尽管不同的存在主义疗法之间存在很大差异,但这些疗法的理论立场大致相同,即我们人类共有的痛苦和苦难并非来自传统医学和精神病学所假设的疾病,而是来自全人类都必须面对的一系列存在主义问题。这些存在的 "给定 "包括死亡、身份、孤独、意义和自由。从这个理论角度来看,所有心理疗法的分支和品牌都需要包含一些解决这些问题的程序。本文提出了这些概念在人类经验中的重要性的证据,随后提出了存在主义疗法本身的证据。我们注意到,缺乏为这一疗法分支建立坚实证据基础的高质量研究试验。此外,该领域基于过程的研究也很薄弱。也就是说,很少有研究人员试图证明假设的过程是存在主义疗法中观察到的变化的原因。我们描述了如何通过基于过程的疗法(PBT)框架和扩展进化元模型(EEMM)来看待存在主义疗法,从而鼓励:(1)更深入地研究发生变化的过程;(2)扩展存在主义疗法的运作方式,从而能够纳入从其他治疗方式中汲取的程序;以及(3)在任何特定案例中更细致地针对存在主义过程。
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引用次数: 0
Avoiding the unwanted: A cross-cultural comprehensive analysis of experiential avoidance and a meta-analysis 回避不受欢迎的人:体验性回避的跨文化综合分析和荟萃分析
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100838
Sunkyung Yoon , Sooyeon Kim , Sinhae Cho , Hyewon Choi

Experiential avoidance, a central treatment target of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), involves avoiding uncomfortable internal states and trying to control them. While some researchers suggest several components of ACT align with East Asian values, indicating the possibility of lower experiential avoidance among East Asians compared to Westerners, previous cross-cultural studies have challenged this notion. This study aimed to draw conclusions regarding cultural differences in experiential avoidance between East Asian and Western cultures through two studies. Using a meta-analysis in Study 1, we systematically reviewed previous cross-cultural studies that compared experiential avoidance between the two cultures. Six cross-cultural studies were included in the meta-analysis. In Study 2, we sought to replicate the findings using a large sample of college students. Across studies, East Asians reported greater experiential avoidance compared to Westerners, with significant heterogeneity in effect sizes observed (Study 1). Results from Study 2 showed that being an East Asian predicted greater experiential avoidance when accounting for distress and other covariates. Further, the correlation between experiential avoidance and distress was weaker among East Asian students relative to White students. Our results highlight that elevated levels of experiential avoidance in East Asians may need to be interpreted differently in clinical setting, while within-culture individual differences also need to be considered.

体验回避是接纳与承诺疗法(ACT)的核心治疗目标,它涉及回避不舒服的内心状态并试图控制它们。一些研究人员认为,接纳与承诺疗法的一些内容与东亚人的价值观相吻合,这表明东亚人的体验回避程度可能低于西方人,但以往的跨文化研究却对这一观点提出了质疑。本研究旨在通过两项研究就东亚人和西方人在体验回避方面的文化差异得出结论。在研究 1 中,我们采用了荟萃分析法,系统地回顾了以往比较两种文化间体验性回避的跨文化研究。荟萃分析包括六项跨文化研究。在研究 2 中,我们试图使用大量的大学生样本来复制研究结果。在所有研究中,与西方人相比,东亚人的体验性回避程度更高,但在效应大小上存在显著的异质性(研究 1)。研究 2 的结果显示,当考虑到困扰和其他协变量时,东亚人的身份预示着更大的体验性回避。此外,相对于白人学生,东亚学生的体验性回避与困扰之间的相关性较弱。我们的研究结果突出表明,在临床环境中,可能需要对东亚人较高的体验回避水平做出不同的解释,同时也需要考虑文化内部的个体差异。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science
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