Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science最新文献_第7页

Persisting with purpose: Using acceptance and commitment therapy to target comorbid opioid use disorder and chronic pain in a racially and economically marginalized population 坚持目的：在种族和经济边缘化人群中使用接受和承诺疗法来治疗阿片类药物使用障碍和慢性疼痛

IF 3.4 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100888

Yash Bhambhani , Laurie Gallo , Emily O. McNamara , Angela L Stotts , Vilma Gabbay

Opioid use disorder (OUD) and chronic pain (CP) are commonly comorbid health conditions that cause significant disability, distress, and mortality. Treatment for these conditions is impacted by drop out and presence of other psychiatric conditions. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is an effective intervention to treat chronic pain and substance use disorders, however this intervention has not been systematically evaluated for treatment of comorbid OUD and CP, especially in a racially and economically marginalized population. In this paper we describe development of such an ACT manual, using an intervention mapping approach. While the manual pays close attention to opioid use and chronic pain, it includes transdiagnostic principles that target overall psychological well-being including a deep emphasis on expanding valued living. We incorporated trauma informed care, cultural humility, and harm reduction principles in the development of nine ACT skills that are easy to understand and scalable. The treatment manual centers economically and racially marginalized patients who are traditionally underrepresented in psychological research. This manual is currently being evaluated in clinical trial NCT05039554 with funding from the NIH HEAL project #RM1DA055437. The treatment manual and handouts are freely available for use and included.

阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）和慢性疼痛（CP）是常见的合并症，可导致严重的残疾、痛苦和死亡。这些疾病的治疗受到退学和其他精神疾病的影响。接受和承诺疗法是治疗慢性疼痛和物质使用障碍的有效干预措施，然而，这种干预措施尚未被系统地评估用于治疗合并症OUD和CP，特别是在种族和经济边缘化人群中。在本文中，我们描述了这样一个ACT手册的发展，使用干预映射方法。虽然该手册密切关注阿片类药物的使用和慢性疼痛，但它包括针对整体心理健康的跨诊断原则，包括深度强调扩大有价值的生活。我们将创伤知情护理、文化谦逊和减少伤害原则纳入了九项ACT技能的开发，这些技能易于理解和扩展。治疗手册的中心是经济和种族边缘化的患者，他们传统上在心理学研究中代表性不足。该手册目前正在由NIH HEAL项目#RM1DA055437资助的临床试验NCT05039554中进行评估。治疗手册和讲义是免费提供的。

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引用次数: 0

Functional connectivity correlates of psychological flexibility: A resting-state fMRI study of the default mode and dorsal attention networks 心理灵活性的功能连接：默认模式和背侧注意网络的静息状态fMRI研究

IF 3.4 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100900

Seo-Eun Cho , Ju-Yeon Jung , Chang-Ki Kang , Kyoung-Sae Na

Aim

Psychological flexibility (PF), which is the ability to adapt to situational demands while maintaining alignment with personal values, is associated with mental health. The neural basis of PF is poorly understood. This study investigated the resting-state functional connectivity correlates of PF in healthy adults, with a focus on the interplay between the Default Mode Network (DMN) and the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN).

Methods

Forty-two participants (aged 19–65) underwent resting-state fMRI scans. PF was quantified using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). Seed-to-voxel and region-of-interest analyses explored resting-state functional connectivity, particularly the anticorrelation between the DMN and DAN, among those scoring high and low on the AAQ-II, split by its median score.

Results

Twenty-three statistically significant functional connectivity pairs were identified. Fifteen functional connectivity pairs were distinct from the measures of depressive and anxiety symptoms, suggesting characteristic connectivity associated with PF. For one pair, a greater PF demonstrated a stronger anticorrelation between the DMN and DAN.

Conclusion

This study advances our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying psychological flexibility and highlights the importance of DMN-DAN dynamics. Consistent with the PF model at the behavioral level, the DMN-DAN anticorrelation suggests an improved capacity to modulate between internally focused and externally directed cognitive states. To replicate these findings, future studies with larger sample sizes and prospective designs are required to identify the unique functional connectivity of psychological flexibility.

心理灵活性（PF），即在保持与个人价值观一致的同时适应情境需求的能力，与心理健康有关。PF的神经基础尚不清楚。本研究探讨了健康成人PF的静息状态功能连接相关性，重点研究了默认模式网络（DMN）和背侧注意网络（DAN）之间的相互作用。方法42例参与者（19 ~ 65岁）静息态fMRI扫描。使用接受与行动问卷- ii （AAQ-II）对PF进行量化。种子到体素和兴趣区域分析探讨了静息状态功能连通性，特别是在AAQ-II得分高和低的人群中，DMN和DAN之间的反相关性，由其中位数得分分开。结果共鉴定出23对具有统计学意义的功能连接对。15对功能连接对不同于抑郁和焦虑症状的测量，表明特征连接与PF相关。对于其中一对，较大的PF表明DMN和DAN之间具有较强的反相关性。结论本研究促进了我们对心理灵活性的神经机制的理解，并强调了DMN-DAN动力学的重要性。与行为水平上的PF模型一致，DMN-DAN反相关表明内部聚焦和外部导向认知状态之间的调节能力有所提高。为了重复这些发现，未来需要更大样本量和前瞻性设计的研究来确定心理灵活性的独特功能连接。

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引用次数: 0

Perspectives on an integrated acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness meditation program: A qualitative study of veterans with chronic pain 综合接受与承诺治疗与正念冥想计划的观点：退伍军人慢性疼痛的定性研究

IF 3.4 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100885

Matthew S. Herbert , Mara Tynan , Alexandra Higdon , Autumn Backhaus , Gage M. Chu , Niloofar Afari

To maximize the delivery and efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), there is a need to better understand the lived experiences of individuals undergoing ACT-based interventions. This can be helpful to determine what was perceived as effective and examine shifts in perspectives that influence daily functioning. The current study examined qualitative feedback among 21 U.S. Veterans (M_age = 57.43, SD = 12.94) with chronic pain one month after completing the Acting with Mindfulness for Pain (AMP) protocol, an 8-week, group-delivered ACT intervention that integrates formal mindfulness meditation practice as a principal treatment component. We analyzed responses to semi-structured interviews performed at 1-month post-treatment using an inductive thematic approach and found four overarching themes: Shift in Internal State, Engaging in Life, Symptom Relief, and Group Dynamics. The Shift in Internal State and Engaging in Life themes and sub-themes reflected important elements of psychological flexibility as defined within ACT, including pain acceptance, change in the experience of thoughts and emotions, improvement in daily functioning and movement towards personal values. The Symptom Relief theme was primarily supported by descriptions of the utility of mindfulness meditation for pain and stress relief. The Group Dynamics theme highlighted the importance of member-member and member-facilitator relationships. These data provide insights into the lived experiences of Veterans undergoing the AMP protocol and provide support for future research examining the efficacy of AMP. While theoretically consistent themes were identified, the Symptom Relief theme provides important considerations on the inclusion of mindfulness meditation within ACT-based approaches.

为了最大限度地发挥接受和承诺治疗（ACT）的效果，有必要更好地了解接受ACT干预的个体的生活经历。这有助于确定什么被认为是有效的，并检查影响日常运作的观点的转变。目前的研究对21名患有慢性疼痛的美国退伍军人（Mage = 57.43, SD = 12.94）进行了定性反馈，他们在完成疼痛正念治疗（AMP）方案一个月后，进行了为期8周的小组交付的ACT干预，将正式的正念冥想练习作为主要治疗成分。我们使用归纳主题方法分析了治疗后1个月进行的半结构化访谈的反应，发现了四个总体主题：内在状态的转变、参与生活、症状缓解和群体动力学。内部状态的转变和参与生活的主题和副主题反映了ACT中定义的心理灵活性的重要元素，包括痛苦的接受，思想和情感体验的改变，日常功能的改善和个人价值观的发展。症状缓解主题主要是通过描述正念冥想对疼痛和压力缓解的效用来支持的。小组动力学主题强调了成员-成员和成员-促进者关系的重要性。这些数据为接受AMP方案的退伍军人的生活经验提供了见解，并为未来研究AMP的有效性提供了支持。虽然在理论上确定了一致的主题，但症状缓解主题为将正念冥想纳入基于act的方法提供了重要的考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Nonarbitrary relational responding and early math development in young children 非任意关系反应与幼儿早期数学发展

IF 3.4 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100901

Maithri Sivaraman , Elle Kirsten , Xiaoyuan Liu

Relational Frame Theory (RFT) sees the operant acquisition of various patterns of relational responding as being key to language and cognition. Interventions that apply RFT have been shown to be effective, are increasingly more prevalent, and seem to have wide-ranging benefits including increases in intelligence scores and academic performance. Nonarbitrary relations (i.e., relations based on formal properties) are said to be a key precursor that facilitates arbitrary relations in young children. Despite the importance of this repertoire, very few studies have investigated its development. Similarly, although relational responding is said to be an overarching higher-order operant that can be applied to any stimulus content, the specific relationship (if any) between nonarbitrary relational responding and early mathematical skills remains unknown. In the present study, we measured nonarbitrary relational responding in a sample of 43 neurotypical and neurodiverse children between the ages of 2–6 years across six relational frames and four response topographies and assessed their mathematics problem solving. We found that nonarbitrary relational responding improved with age, was strongly correlated with mathematical ability, and there was a significant difference in scores between the neurotypical and neurodivergent groups. We also found some differences between response topographies and specific contextual cues.

关系框架理论认为，各种关系反应模式的操作性习得是语言和认知的关键。应用RFT的干预措施已被证明是有效的，并且越来越普遍，并且似乎具有广泛的益处，包括提高智力分数和学习成绩。非任意关系（即，基于形式属性的关系）被认为是促进幼儿任意关系的关键前兆。尽管这一曲目很重要，但很少有研究调查其发展。同样，尽管关系反应被认为是一种可以应用于任何刺激内容的总体高阶操作，但非任意关系反应与早期数学技能之间的具体关系（如果有的话）仍然未知。在本研究中，我们测量了43名2-6岁的神经典型和神经多样性儿童在6种关系框架和4种反应地形下的非任意关系反应，并评估了他们的数学问题解决能力。我们发现，非任意关系反应随着年龄的增长而改善，与数学能力密切相关，神经典型组和神经发散组之间的得分有显著差异。我们还发现在反应地形和特定上下文线索之间存在一些差异。

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引用次数: 0

Adding implementation support to a universal Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-based school well-being intervention: A cluster-randomised controlled trial 为基于普遍接受和承诺治疗的学校幸福干预增加实施支持：一项集群随机对照试验

IF 3.4 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100886

Atiyya Nisar , Richard C. Watkins , Duncan Gillard , Corinna F. Grindle , Paul A. Thompson , Jane Pegram , Richard P. Hastings

Implementation support is a key factor in the success of school-based well-being programmes. To assess the impact on children's well-being of providing additional implementation support for staff delivering a universal Acceptance and Commitment Therapy informed well-being curriculum (‘Connect PSHE’) compared to delivery without support. Twenty schools were recruited and randomised to deliver Connect PSHE with additional support (n = 10; n = 323 children) or Connect PSHE with the standard support (n = 10; n = 422 children). A two-arm, parallel-group cluster-randomised (schools as clusters) controlled trial design was utilised. Additional implementation support had no impact on the primary well-being measure (Me and My Feelings scale) at post-test (β = 0.22, 95 % CI [-0.59, 1.03], p = 0.59). Small improvements were observed in the additional support arm for two subscales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Overall, both trial arms were associated with improvements in children's well-being. Connect PSHE is a promising well-being programme suitable for testing in additional research.

执行支助是学校福利方案取得成功的关键因素。评估与不提供支持相比，为提供普遍接受和承诺治疗的福祉课程（“连接PSHE”）的员工提供额外的实施支持对儿童福祉的影响。招募20所学校并随机分配，以提供额外支持的Connect PSHE (n = 10；n = 323名儿童)或将PSHE与标准支架连接(n = 10；N = 422名儿童)。采用双臂、平行组随机（学校为组）对照试验设计。额外的实施支持对测试后的主要幸福感测量（我和我的感受量表）没有影响（β = 0.22, 95% CI [-0.59, 1.03], p = 0.59）。在优势和困难问卷的两个分量表的附加支持臂中观察到微小的改善。总的来说，两个试验组都与儿童幸福感的改善有关。Connect PSHE是一个很有前途的福利计划，适合在进一步的研究中进行测试。

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引用次数: 0

Latent profiles of processes in acceptance and commitment therapy and their associations with eating disorder symptoms among adult women 成年女性接受和承诺治疗过程的潜在特征及其与饮食失调症状的关联

IF 3.4 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100899

Duckhyun Jo , Lorra Garey , Brooke Y. Redmond , Justin M. Shepherd , Michael J. Zvolensky

The present study examined the latent profiles of processes in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) to enhance the sensitivity of acceptance- and mindfulness-based interventions, particularly in the prevention of eating disorder symptoms among non-clinical female adults. A sample of 1347 female adults was recruited from a large public university in Hawaii, and latent profile analysis was employed to identify distinct groups based on ACT processes measured by the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI). The study also explored the influence of participants' racial backgrounds and sexual orientations on the formation of these profiles, as well as the association between the identified profiles and eating disorder symptoms. The analysis revealed a five-profile solution, indicating that racial background and sexual orientation statistically significantly influenced profile categorization. Profiles characterized by high psychological flexibility and low psychological inflexibility were generally linked to lower levels of eating disorder symptoms. Notably, some profiles, such as the Moderately Flexible and Inflexible groups, necessitated a nuanced interpretation regarding their relationship with eating disorder symptoms. These findings emphasize the variability in individuals’ experiences of ACT processes and a person-centered approach in examining the associations between ACT processes and eating disorder symptoms.

本研究考察了接受和承诺治疗（ACT）过程的潜在特征，以提高基于接受和正念的干预措施的敏感性，特别是在预防非临床成年女性饮食失调症状方面。从夏威夷的一所大型公立大学招募了1347名成年女性，并采用潜在特征分析，基于多维心理灵活性量表（MPFI）测量的ACT过程来确定不同的群体。该研究还探讨了参与者的种族背景和性取向对这些特征形成的影响，以及这些特征与饮食失调症状之间的联系。分析结果显示，种族背景和性取向在统计上显著影响了形象分类。以高心理灵活性和低心理不灵活性为特征的概况通常与较低水平的饮食失调症状有关。值得注意的是，一些概况，如适度灵活和不灵活的群体，需要对他们与饮食失调症状的关系进行细致入微的解释。这些发现强调了ACT过程的个体经历的可变性，以及在检查ACT过程与饮食失调症状之间的关联时以人为中心的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Comparing cognitive coping components: An investigation of treatment outcomes and processes 比较认知应对成分：治疗结果和过程的调查

IF 3.4 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100893

Andy D. Wall, Eric B. Lee

Both traditional cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy appear to be efficacious treatment packages for adult depression based on past research. Furthermore, some of the cognitive components of these treatments, cognitive restructuring and defusion, seem to produce similar outcomes and work through similar processes, despite theoretical opposition. While cognitive defusion has been extensively studied, its counterpart, willingness, has yet to receive the same level of empirical attention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify the differences in treatment outcomes and processes between the cognitive components of CBT and ACT. Individuals with moderate to severe levels of depression symptoms took part in a week-long, online intervention meant to help them cope with a self-relevant, unwanted/unpleasant thought. Participants were randomly assigned to practice either cognitive restructuring or defusion & willingness by using daily thought logs. Both within-and-between subjects effects were examined and revealed that both interventions provided benefit to participants through shared processes. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed along with future directions.

从以往的研究来看，传统的认知行为疗法和接受与承诺疗法都是治疗成人抑郁症的有效方案。此外，这些治疗的一些认知成分，认知重组和融合，似乎产生类似的结果，并通过类似的过程工作，尽管理论上反对。虽然认知融合已被广泛研究，但其对应的意愿尚未得到同等程度的经验关注。因此，本研究的目的是澄清CBT和ACT的认知成分在治疗结果和过程上的差异。有中度到重度抑郁症状的个体参加了为期一周的在线干预，旨在帮助他们应对与自我相关的、不想要的/不愉快的想法。参与者被随机分配进行认知重构或认知融解。通过使用每日思考日志的意愿。研究了受试者内部和受试者之间的影响，发现两种干预措施都通过共享过程为参与者提供了好处。讨论了理论和临床意义以及未来的发展方向。

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引用次数: 0

Art in context: A multi-level analysis of art 语境中的艺术：艺术的多层次分析

IF 3.4 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100890

Louis Busch , Albert Malkin , Jordan Belisle

Experiencing art, both as the artist and observer, plays a major role in experiencing humanity. The current paper approaches art through a behavioral lens rooted in functional contextualism, where producing and observing art are behaviors that emerge and evolve within a multilevel functional context, encompassing natural selection, operant selection, and cultural selection. At the biological level, evolutionary pressures have shaped neurological processes and physiological responses that support artistic engagement. At the operant level, relational frame theory provides insights into how language and experience transform the function of art, and, bi-directionally, how art transforms human experience. At the cultural level, art propagates shared practices and values through mechanisms like metacontingencies and cultural cusps, facilitating intergenerational transmission and societal change. Potential applications include therapeutic interventions leveraging art to promote psychological flexibility, educational initiatives fostering artistic appreciation, and community programs enhancing collective resilience. By integrating biological, behavioral, and cultural perspectives, this analysis highlights art's unique role as a dynamic, adaptive component of human life, capable of enriching and transforming individual and collective experiences.

体验艺术，作为艺术家和观察者，在体验人性中起着重要的作用。本文通过植根于功能语境主义的行为视角来研究艺术，在功能语境中，艺术的产生和观察是在多层次的功能语境中出现和发展的行为，包括自然选择、操作性选择和文化选择。在生物学水平上，进化压力塑造了支持艺术参与的神经过程和生理反应。在操作层面，关系框架理论为语言和经验如何改变艺术的功能，以及艺术如何双向地改变人类经验提供了见解。在文化层面上，艺术通过元偶发和文化尖点等机制传播共同的实践和价值观，促进代际传播和社会变革。潜在的应用包括利用艺术促进心理灵活性的治疗干预，培养艺术欣赏的教育举措，以及增强集体弹性的社区项目。通过整合生物学、行为学和文化的观点，这种分析强调了艺术作为人类生活中动态的、适应性的组成部分的独特作用，能够丰富和改变个人和集体的经验。

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引用次数: 0

Post-traumatic stress, cognitive fusion, and intolerance of uncertainty as longitudinal predictors of post-traumatic growth from the COVID-19 pandemic 创伤后应激、认知融合和对不确定性的不耐受是COVID-19大流行创伤后成长的纵向预测因素

IF 3.4 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100894

L. Brooke Short, Rong Xia, William H. O'Brien

The COVID-19 pandemic was a significant stressor that posed threats to life and ways of living. The harmful psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have been well documented, but positive psychological changes can also follow significant stressors. These changes are referred to as post-traumatic growth (PTG). The present study explored how PTG may develop from a contextual behavioral science perspective. Intolerance of uncertainty and cognitive fusion were longitudinally examined as predictors of PTG from the COVID-19 pandemic in a national United States sample. Self-report data were collected from Amazon Mechanical Turk Workers (MTurk) at three time points between April and November of 2020 as part of a larger study. Results indicated that higher levels of PTS, higher intolerance of uncertainty, and lower cognitive fusion in April 2020 each predicted greater PTG in June 2020 but did not predict change in PTG the next four months. Intolerance of uncertainty and cognitive fusion interacted to predict PTG from June to November with intolerance of uncertainty predicting more growth when cognitive fusion was high and less growth when cognitive fusion was low. Cognitive fusion and intolerance of uncertainty were thus found to be significant predictors of PTG that interacted with each other and varied as a function of time. Explanations for their involvement in the development of PTG across time are offered.

COVID-19 大流行是对生命和生活方式构成威胁的重大压力源。COVID-19 大流行所造成的有害心理影响已被充分记录在案，但重大压力之后也会产生积极的心理变化。这些变化被称为创伤后成长（PTG）。本研究从行为科学的角度探讨了创伤后成长是如何形成的。在美国全国样本中，对不确定性的不容忍度和认知融合作为 COVID-19 大流行的创伤后成长的预测因素进行了纵向研究。作为一项大型研究的一部分，我们在 2020 年 4 月至 11 月期间的三个时间点收集了亚马逊机械特克工人（MTurk）的自我报告数据。结果表明，2020 年 4 月较高的 PTS 水平、较高的不确定性不容忍度和较低的认知融合度均可预测 2020 年 6 月较高的 PTG，但不能预测接下来四个月 PTG 的变化。不确定性不容忍度和认知融合度相互作用，预测了 6 月至 11 月的 PTG，其中不确定性不容忍度预测了认知融合度高时的增长，而认知融合度低时的增长。因此，我们发现认知融合和不确定性不容忍度是预测 PTG 的重要因素，它们相互影响，并随时间而变化。本文对它们参与 PTG 跨时间发展的原因进行了解释。

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引用次数: 0

Masculinity, social connection, and loneliness: A contextual behavioral science approach to men's social relationships and intimacy 男子气概、社会联系和孤独：男性社会关系和亲密关系的语境行为科学方法

IF 3.4 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100892

Elizabeth C. Neilson, Daniel W.M. Maitland

Loneliness—the discrepancy between actual and desired levels of social connection—is a pervasive public health concern. Research suggests that many men report loneliness and desire more intimate relationships. The Interpersonal Process Model of Intimacy posits that intimacy, the meaningful connection between two individuals, is a critical variable in preventing loneliness and develops through a bidirectional process of vulnerable self-disclosure, responsiveness, and perceived partner responsiveness. This manuscript applies the Interpersonal Process Model of Intimacy, as interpreted from a contextual behavior science lens, to contextualize the existing research on masculinity and men's social relationships to inform future research and clinical practice. We review the research on men's engagement in different components of the model (vulnerable self-disclosure, responsiveness, perceived partner responsiveness), emphasizing how masculinity informs men's behavior. Research indicates that men often do not engage in behaviors essential to a contextual behavioral model of intimacy (e.g., vulnerable emotions, distress, or asking for help) because such behaviors are inconsistent with masculinity. Research also indicates men often do not acknowledge others' disclosures or respond with judgment or confusion. Men may also perceive responsiveness as stressful due to social proscriptions regarding receiving help. We discuss implications for research and clinical interventions to ameliorate men's loneliness.

孤独——实际与期望的社会联系水平之间的差异——是一个普遍存在的公共健康问题。研究表明，许多男性感到孤独，渴望更亲密的关系。亲密关系的人际过程模型认为，亲密关系是两个人之间有意义的联系，是预防孤独的关键变量，它是通过脆弱的自我表露、回应和感知伴侣回应的双向过程发展起来的。本文运用亲密关系的人际过程模型，从情境行为科学的角度进行解释，将现有的关于男性气质和男性社会关系的研究背景化，为未来的研究和临床实践提供信息。我们回顾了男性参与模型的不同组成部分（脆弱的自我披露、反应性、感知伴侣反应性）的研究，强调了男子气概如何影响男性的行为。研究表明，男性通常不会做出与亲密关系的情境行为模式相关的行为（例如，脆弱的情绪、痛苦或寻求帮助），因为这些行为与男子气概不符。研究还表明，男性通常不承认他人的信息披露，也不会做出判断或困惑的回应。男性也可能认为反应性是一种压力，因为在接受帮助方面受到社会的排斥。我们讨论了改善男性孤独感的研究和临床干预的意义。

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引用次数: 0