Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100896
Leila K. Capel , Emily M. Bowers , Mercedes G. Woolley , Julie M. Petersen , Karen Muñoz , Michael P. Twohig
Misophonia is a psychological disorder that has been under researched despite the impact it can have on functioning and quality of life. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has been explored as a potential treatment option for misophonia. The process of change targeted by ACT is psychological flexibility. However, research on the association of psychological inflexibility and misophonia is nascent, as there are not misophonia-specific measures available. In this study we validated a measure of misophonia-specific psychological inflexibility, the misophonia acceptance and action questionnaire (miso-AAQ). Participants (N = 120) were from a randomized controlled trial of ACT for misophonia and matched control participants. All completed the miso-AAQ at pre-treatment. Preliminary results indicate the miso-AAQ has satisfactory internal reliability (α = .84). and validity (rs = 0.33-0.55, ps <0.05). Results also provide preliminary support of misophonia-related psychological inflexibility as a potential mediator in the relationship between misophonia symptom severity and anger and stress. Future directions and implications are discussed.
{"title":"Utility of and preliminary psychometric reliability and validity of a measure of psychological inflexibility for misophonia","authors":"Leila K. Capel , Emily M. Bowers , Mercedes G. Woolley , Julie M. Petersen , Karen Muñoz , Michael P. Twohig","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Misophonia is a psychological disorder that has been under researched despite the impact it can have on functioning and quality of life. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has been explored as a potential treatment option for misophonia. The process of change targeted by ACT is psychological flexibility. However, research on the association of psychological inflexibility and misophonia is nascent, as there are not misophonia-specific measures available. In this study we validated a measure of misophonia-specific psychological inflexibility, the misophonia acceptance and action questionnaire (miso-AAQ). Participants (N = 120) were from a randomized controlled trial of ACT for misophonia and matched control participants. All completed the miso-AAQ at pre-treatment. Preliminary results indicate the miso-AAQ has satisfactory internal reliability (α = .84). and validity (<em>r</em>s = 0.33-0.55, <em>ps <</em>0.05). Results also provide preliminary support of misophonia-related psychological inflexibility as a potential mediator in the relationship between misophonia symptom severity and anger and stress. Future directions and implications are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100897
Emily M. Bowers, Korena S. Klimczak, Michael E. Levin
Digital Mental Health Interventions (DMHIs) offer accessible and scalable mental health services for college students; however, program adherence is often suboptimal. Peer-delivered coaching is an innovative solution to improve DMHI adherence rates but has yet to be examined in a naturalistic setting to assess implementation and scalability when provided as a public service. To test the external validity of peer-support coaching, we collected data from a naturalistic university sample of students using a free online self-help program, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Guide. The predictors of peer coaching sign-ups, feasibility of implementing a peer coaching program, and effects of peer coaching on DMHI adherence were examined. Of the total sample who registered for ACT Guide, 17.2 % enrolled in peer coaching services. Students who identified as men and those who had worked with a mental health provider were more likely to sign up for peer-coaching, while older and more anxious students were more likely to engage with peer-coaching calls. Relatively low peer-coaching sign-up and high peer-coaching dropout rates were observed. These findings suggest peer-coaching services within naturalistic settings may be a feasible solution to address DMHI engagement for a small subset of users, though scalability and implementation challenges remain.
{"title":"Evaluating the naturalistic implementation of a peer-coaching service to augment online acceptance and commitment therapy for college mental health","authors":"Emily M. Bowers, Korena S. Klimczak, Michael E. Levin","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital Mental Health Interventions (DMHIs) offer accessible and scalable mental health services for college students; however, program adherence is often suboptimal. Peer-delivered coaching is an innovative solution to improve DMHI adherence rates but has yet to be examined in a naturalistic setting to assess implementation and scalability when provided as a public service. To test the external validity of peer-support coaching, we collected data from a naturalistic university sample of students using a free online self-help program, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Guide. The predictors of peer coaching sign-ups, feasibility of implementing a peer coaching program, and effects of peer coaching on DMHI adherence were examined. Of the total sample who registered for ACT Guide, 17.2 % enrolled in peer coaching services. Students who identified as men and those who had worked with a mental health provider were more likely to sign up for peer-coaching, while older and more anxious students were more likely to engage with peer-coaching calls. Relatively low peer-coaching sign-up and high peer-coaching dropout rates were observed. These findings suggest peer-coaching services within naturalistic settings may be a feasible solution to address DMHI engagement for a small subset of users, though scalability and implementation challenges remain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100897"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100898
Nicola V. Catts , Baljinder K. Sahdra , Joseph Ciarrochi , Madeleine I. Fraser , Cristóbal Hernández , Steven C. Hayes , Andrew T. Gloster
To examine the relationship between valued action and mood, this study analyzed Ecological Momentary Assessment data from a transdiagnostic in- and out-patient sample (EMA; N = 134; 62 female, 72 male; 62 inpatient, 72 outpatient; Mage = 36.6 years, SD = 11.6). Individual time series models were constructed to capture each participant's unique relationship between valued action and mood. The models were then meta-analyzed, revealing substantial variability, with two subgroups; Stoics (n = 64) and Non-Stoics (n = 70). The Stoics subgroup showed null or negative links between valued action and mood, replicating past findings from a nonclinical sample. The Non-Stoic group engaged significantly more in valued actions characterized by enjoyment and relaxation. Subsequent multilevel VAR networks were created to examine differences between Stoics and Non-Stoics. Within-person analyses indicated that, unlike Non-Stoics, Stoics showed no significant association between valued action and mood in contemporaneous networks. Temporal networks revealed that, for Non-Stoics, mood positively influenced future engagement in valued action. These findings challenge assumptions of a universally positive relationship between valued action and mood, suggesting divergent paths to well-being based on individual differences in mood-action dynamics.
{"title":"Distinct pathways to well-being: Exploring valued action and mood among stoics and non-stoics","authors":"Nicola V. Catts , Baljinder K. Sahdra , Joseph Ciarrochi , Madeleine I. Fraser , Cristóbal Hernández , Steven C. Hayes , Andrew T. Gloster","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To examine the relationship between valued action and mood, this study analyzed Ecological Momentary Assessment data from a transdiagnostic in- and out-patient sample (EMA; <em>N</em> = 134; 62 female, 72 male; 62 inpatient, 72 outpatient; <em>M</em><sub><em>age</em></sub> = 36.6 years, <em>SD</em> = 11.6). Individual time series models were constructed to capture each participant's unique relationship between valued action and mood. The models were then meta-analyzed, revealing substantial variability, with two subgroups; Stoics (n = 64) and Non-Stoics (n = 70). The Stoics subgroup showed null or negative links between valued action and mood, replicating past findings from a nonclinical sample. The Non-Stoic group engaged significantly more in valued actions characterized by enjoyment and relaxation. Subsequent multilevel VAR networks were created to examine differences between Stoics and Non-Stoics. Within-person analyses indicated that, unlike Non-Stoics, Stoics showed no significant association between valued action and mood in contemporaneous networks. Temporal networks revealed that, for Non-Stoics, mood positively influenced future engagement in valued action. These findings challenge assumptions of a universally positive relationship between valued action and mood, suggesting divergent paths to well-being based on individual differences in mood-action dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100895
Mario Andres Valderrama – Diaz , Javier López – Martínez , Ronald Toro
This systematic review we sought to identify the effects of core behavioral processes (experiential avoidance and access to reinforcement) on emotional disorders. Although transdiagnostic research has demonstrated a close relationship between negative reinforcers and processes such as experiential avoidance in the acquisition and maintenance of emotional problems, no studies are available that relate access to positive reinforcers and their functions such as gaining attention, sensory reinforcement and access to tangibles with internalizing problems such as anxiety and depression.
Methodology
Studies on response-contingent positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, experiential avoidance, access to reinforcers, and emotional difficulties (i.e., depression, unipolar depression, anxiety, emotional distress, and affective disorder) were included. Seven databases were used for this research: PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PsycINFO, PsyARTICLES, SciELO Citation Index of scientific articles, and ProQuest Dissertations from 2013 to 2024. Fleiss’ Kappa was used to determine the inter-judge reliability index. Subsequently, a coding book was created, incorporating 12 criteria through which the qualitative synthesis was generated.
Results
a total of 21 studies (n = 2776) were included for the qualitative synthesis, comprising nine articles on access to reinforcement and twelve on experiential avoidance and their relationship with emotional disorders. A direct relationship was found between the study variables, and evidence was identified of the mediating role of access to reinforcers and experiential avoidance in the presence of emotional symptomatology.
Conclusion
A decade of research supports a relationship between basic behavioral processes and the presence of emotional disorders and related psychopathologies, suggesting that these variables should a focus of attention as an explanatory and treatment-directing variable.
{"title":"Estimating the effect of basic behavioral processes (access to reinforcers and experiential avoidance) on emotional disorders as transdiagnostic variables: A systematic review","authors":"Mario Andres Valderrama – Diaz , Javier López – Martínez , Ronald Toro","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review we sought to identify the effects of core behavioral processes (experiential avoidance and access to reinforcement) on emotional disorders. Although transdiagnostic research has demonstrated a close relationship between negative reinforcers and processes such as experiential avoidance in the acquisition and maintenance of emotional problems, no studies are available that relate access to positive reinforcers and their functions such as gaining attention, sensory reinforcement and access to tangibles with internalizing problems such as anxiety and depression.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Studies on response-contingent positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, experiential avoidance, access to reinforcers, and emotional difficulties (i.e., depression, unipolar depression, anxiety, emotional distress, and affective disorder) were included. Seven databases were used for this research: PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PsycINFO, PsyARTICLES, SciELO Citation Index of scientific articles, and ProQuest Dissertations from 2013 to 2024. Fleiss’ Kappa was used to determine the inter-judge reliability index. Subsequently, a coding book was created, incorporating 12 criteria through which the qualitative synthesis was generated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>a total of 21 studies (n = 2776) were included for the qualitative synthesis, comprising nine articles on access to reinforcement and twelve on experiential avoidance and their relationship with emotional disorders. A direct relationship was found between the study variables, and evidence was identified of the mediating role of access to reinforcers and experiential avoidance in the presence of emotional symptomatology.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A decade of research supports a relationship between basic behavioral processes and the presence of emotional disorders and related psychopathologies, suggesting that these variables should a focus of attention as an explanatory and treatment-directing variable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100891
Amanda M. Muñoz-Martínez , Yors García , Verónica Márquez-Barraquer , Daniela González-Rodríguez , Juanita Rueda
Background
Coding therapy sessions is essential for evaluating treatment fidelity and understanding in-session mechanisms of change. However, coder training often lacks standardized, replicable methods and is resource intensive.
Objective
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a video-based Behavioral Skills Training (BST) protocol to teach precision coding of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Rating Scale (FAPRS) codes during brief clinical interactions (vignettes).
Design and methods
A randomized nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across five master's degree students was employed, including generalization and follow-up phases. BST was delivered in two components: (a) video-based instruction (v-INS) and (b) video-based modeling, rehearsal, and performance feedback (v-MRF). Participants were required to achieve a mastery criterion of 90 % precision coding during training.
Results
Four of the five participants demonstrated significant improvements in coding precision following video-based BST. Precision generalized to novel clinical vignettes and was maintained at follow-up. Between-case standardized mean differences showed large effect sizes, indicating meaningful improvements in coding accuracy.
Conclusions
Video-based BST was effective, time-efficient, and well-accepted for training coding skills in FAP, with participants achieving mastery during training. However, precision levels during post-training phases remained below the 90 % criterion for some participants. Future research should explore the use of booster sessions and extended training phases to enhance the maintenance and generalization of coding precision.
{"title":"Training to code therapeutic interactions in Functional Analytic Psychotherapy: The utility of a video-based Behavior Skills Training","authors":"Amanda M. Muñoz-Martínez , Yors García , Verónica Márquez-Barraquer , Daniela González-Rodríguez , Juanita Rueda","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Coding therapy sessions is essential for evaluating treatment fidelity and understanding in-session mechanisms of change. However, coder training often lacks standardized, replicable methods and is resource intensive.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluated the effectiveness of a video-based Behavioral Skills Training (BST) protocol to teach precision coding of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Rating Scale (FAPRS) codes during brief clinical interactions (vignettes).</div></div><div><h3>Design and methods</h3><div>A randomized nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across five master's degree students was employed, including generalization and follow-up phases. BST was delivered in two components: (a) video-based instruction (v-INS) and (b) video-based modeling, rehearsal, and performance feedback (v-MRF). Participants were required to achieve a mastery criterion of 90 % precision coding during training.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four of the five participants demonstrated significant improvements in coding precision following video-based BST. Precision generalized to novel clinical vignettes and was maintained at follow-up. Between-case standardized mean differences showed large effect sizes, indicating meaningful improvements in coding accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Video-based BST was effective, time-efficient, and well-accepted for training coding skills in FAP, with participants achieving mastery during training. However, precision levels during post-training phases remained below the 90 % criterion for some participants. Future research should explore the use of booster sessions and extended training phases to enhance the maintenance and generalization of coding precision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100891"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100900
Seo-Eun Cho , Ju-Yeon Jung , Chang-Ki Kang , Kyoung-Sae Na
Aim
Psychological flexibility (PF), which is the ability to adapt to situational demands while maintaining alignment with personal values, is associated with mental health. The neural basis of PF is poorly understood. This study investigated the resting-state functional connectivity correlates of PF in healthy adults, with a focus on the interplay between the Default Mode Network (DMN) and the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN).
Methods
Forty-two participants (aged 19–65) underwent resting-state fMRI scans. PF was quantified using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). Seed-to-voxel and region-of-interest analyses explored resting-state functional connectivity, particularly the anticorrelation between the DMN and DAN, among those scoring high and low on the AAQ-II, split by its median score.
Results
Twenty-three statistically significant functional connectivity pairs were identified. Fifteen functional connectivity pairs were distinct from the measures of depressive and anxiety symptoms, suggesting characteristic connectivity associated with PF. For one pair, a greater PF demonstrated a stronger anticorrelation between the DMN and DAN.
Conclusion
This study advances our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying psychological flexibility and highlights the importance of DMN-DAN dynamics. Consistent with the PF model at the behavioral level, the DMN-DAN anticorrelation suggests an improved capacity to modulate between internally focused and externally directed cognitive states. To replicate these findings, future studies with larger sample sizes and prospective designs are required to identify the unique functional connectivity of psychological flexibility.
心理灵活性（PF），即在保持与个人价值观一致的同时适应情境需求的能力，与心理健康有关。PF的神经基础尚不清楚。本研究探讨了健康成人PF的静息状态功能连接相关性，重点研究了默认模式网络（DMN）和背侧注意网络（DAN）之间的相互作用。方法42例参与者（19 ~ 65岁）静息态fMRI扫描。使用接受与行动问卷- ii （AAQ-II）对PF进行量化。种子到体素和兴趣区域分析探讨了静息状态功能连通性，特别是在AAQ-II得分高和低的人群中，DMN和DAN之间的反相关性，由其中位数得分分开。结果共鉴定出23对具有统计学意义的功能连接对。15对功能连接对不同于抑郁和焦虑症状的测量，表明特征连接与PF相关。对于其中一对，较大的PF表明DMN和DAN之间具有较强的反相关性。结论本研究促进了我们对心理灵活性的神经机制的理解，并强调了DMN-DAN动力学的重要性。与行为水平上的PF模型一致，DMN-DAN反相关表明内部聚焦和外部导向认知状态之间的调节能力有所提高。为了重复这些发现，未来需要更大样本量和前瞻性设计的研究来确定心理灵活性的独特功能连接。
{"title":"Functional connectivity correlates of psychological flexibility: A resting-state fMRI study of the default mode and dorsal attention networks","authors":"Seo-Eun Cho , Ju-Yeon Jung , Chang-Ki Kang , Kyoung-Sae Na","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Psychological flexibility (PF), which is the ability to adapt to situational demands while maintaining alignment with personal values, is associated with mental health. The neural basis of PF is poorly understood. This study investigated the resting-state functional connectivity correlates of PF in healthy adults, with a focus on the interplay between the Default Mode Network (DMN) and the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-two participants (aged 19–65) underwent resting-state fMRI scans. PF was quantified using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). Seed-to-voxel and region-of-interest analyses explored resting-state functional connectivity, particularly the anticorrelation between the DMN and DAN, among those scoring high and low on the AAQ-II, split by its median score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-three statistically significant functional connectivity pairs were identified. Fifteen functional connectivity pairs were distinct from the measures of depressive and anxiety symptoms, suggesting characteristic connectivity associated with PF. For one pair, a greater PF demonstrated a stronger anticorrelation between the DMN and DAN.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study advances our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying psychological flexibility and highlights the importance of DMN-DAN dynamics. Consistent with the PF model at the behavioral level, the DMN-DAN anticorrelation suggests an improved capacity to modulate between internally focused and externally directed cognitive states. To replicate these findings, future studies with larger sample sizes and prospective designs are required to identify the unique functional connectivity of psychological flexibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100900"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100899
Duckhyun Jo , Lorra Garey , Brooke Y. Redmond , Justin M. Shepherd , Michael J. Zvolensky
The present study examined the latent profiles of processes in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) to enhance the sensitivity of acceptance- and mindfulness-based interventions, particularly in the prevention of eating disorder symptoms among non-clinical female adults. A sample of 1347 female adults was recruited from a large public university in Hawaii, and latent profile analysis was employed to identify distinct groups based on ACT processes measured by the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI). The study also explored the influence of participants' racial backgrounds and sexual orientations on the formation of these profiles, as well as the association between the identified profiles and eating disorder symptoms. The analysis revealed a five-profile solution, indicating that racial background and sexual orientation statistically significantly influenced profile categorization. Profiles characterized by high psychological flexibility and low psychological inflexibility were generally linked to lower levels of eating disorder symptoms. Notably, some profiles, such as the Moderately Flexible and Inflexible groups, necessitated a nuanced interpretation regarding their relationship with eating disorder symptoms. These findings emphasize the variability in individuals’ experiences of ACT processes and a person-centered approach in examining the associations between ACT processes and eating disorder symptoms.
{"title":"Latent profiles of processes in acceptance and commitment therapy and their associations with eating disorder symptoms among adult women","authors":"Duckhyun Jo , Lorra Garey , Brooke Y. Redmond , Justin M. Shepherd , Michael J. Zvolensky","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study examined the latent profiles of processes in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) to enhance the sensitivity of acceptance- and mindfulness-based interventions, particularly in the prevention of eating disorder symptoms among non-clinical female adults. A sample of 1347 female adults was recruited from a large public university in Hawaii, and latent profile analysis was employed to identify distinct groups based on ACT processes measured by the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI). The study also explored the influence of participants' racial backgrounds and sexual orientations on the formation of these profiles, as well as the association between the identified profiles and eating disorder symptoms. The analysis revealed a five-profile solution, indicating that racial background and sexual orientation statistically significantly influenced profile categorization. Profiles characterized by high psychological flexibility and low psychological inflexibility were generally linked to lower levels of eating disorder symptoms. Notably, some profiles, such as the Moderately Flexible and Inflexible groups, necessitated a nuanced interpretation regarding their relationship with eating disorder symptoms. These findings emphasize the variability in individuals’ experiences of ACT processes and a person-centered approach in examining the associations between ACT processes and eating disorder symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100899"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100901
Maithri Sivaraman , Elle Kirsten , Xiaoyuan Liu
Relational Frame Theory (RFT) sees the operant acquisition of various patterns of relational responding as being key to language and cognition. Interventions that apply RFT have been shown to be effective, are increasingly more prevalent, and seem to have wide-ranging benefits including increases in intelligence scores and academic performance. Nonarbitrary relations (i.e., relations based on formal properties) are said to be a key precursor that facilitates arbitrary relations in young children. Despite the importance of this repertoire, very few studies have investigated its development. Similarly, although relational responding is said to be an overarching higher-order operant that can be applied to any stimulus content, the specific relationship (if any) between nonarbitrary relational responding and early mathematical skills remains unknown. In the present study, we measured nonarbitrary relational responding in a sample of 43 neurotypical and neurodiverse children between the ages of 2–6 years across six relational frames and four response topographies and assessed their mathematics problem solving. We found that nonarbitrary relational responding improved with age, was strongly correlated with mathematical ability, and there was a significant difference in scores between the neurotypical and neurodivergent groups. We also found some differences between response topographies and specific contextual cues.
{"title":"Nonarbitrary relational responding and early math development in young children","authors":"Maithri Sivaraman , Elle Kirsten , Xiaoyuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Relational Frame Theory (RFT) sees the operant acquisition of various patterns of relational responding as being key to language and cognition. Interventions that apply RFT have been shown to be effective, are increasingly more prevalent, and seem to have wide-ranging benefits including increases in intelligence scores and academic performance. Nonarbitrary relations (i.e., relations based on formal properties) are said to be a key precursor that facilitates arbitrary relations in young children. Despite the importance of this repertoire, very few studies have investigated its development. Similarly, although relational responding is said to be an overarching higher-order operant that can be applied to any stimulus content, the specific relationship (if any) between nonarbitrary relational responding and early mathematical skills remains unknown. In the present study, we measured nonarbitrary relational responding in a sample of 43 neurotypical and neurodiverse children between the ages of 2–6 years across six relational frames and four response topographies and assessed their mathematics problem solving. We found that nonarbitrary relational responding improved with age, was strongly correlated with mathematical ability, and there was a significant difference in scores between the neurotypical and neurodivergent groups. We also found some differences between response topographies and specific contextual cues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100901"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100893
Andy D. Wall, Eric B. Lee
Both traditional cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy appear to be efficacious treatment packages for adult depression based on past research. Furthermore, some of the cognitive components of these treatments, cognitive restructuring and defusion, seem to produce similar outcomes and work through similar processes, despite theoretical opposition. While cognitive defusion has been extensively studied, its counterpart, willingness, has yet to receive the same level of empirical attention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify the differences in treatment outcomes and processes between the cognitive components of CBT and ACT. Individuals with moderate to severe levels of depression symptoms took part in a week-long, online intervention meant to help them cope with a self-relevant, unwanted/unpleasant thought. Participants were randomly assigned to practice either cognitive restructuring or defusion & willingness by using daily thought logs. Both within-and-between subjects effects were examined and revealed that both interventions provided benefit to participants through shared processes. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed along with future directions.
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Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100890
Louis Busch , Albert Malkin , Jordan Belisle
Experiencing art, both as the artist and observer, plays a major role in experiencing humanity. The current paper approaches art through a behavioral lens rooted in functional contextualism, where producing and observing art are behaviors that emerge and evolve within a multilevel functional context, encompassing natural selection, operant selection, and cultural selection. At the biological level, evolutionary pressures have shaped neurological processes and physiological responses that support artistic engagement. At the operant level, relational frame theory provides insights into how language and experience transform the function of art, and, bi-directionally, how art transforms human experience. At the cultural level, art propagates shared practices and values through mechanisms like metacontingencies and cultural cusps, facilitating intergenerational transmission and societal change. Potential applications include therapeutic interventions leveraging art to promote psychological flexibility, educational initiatives fostering artistic appreciation, and community programs enhancing collective resilience. By integrating biological, behavioral, and cultural perspectives, this analysis highlights art's unique role as a dynamic, adaptive component of human life, capable of enriching and transforming individual and collective experiences.
{"title":"Art in context: A multi-level analysis of art","authors":"Louis Busch , Albert Malkin , Jordan Belisle","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experiencing art, both as the artist and observer, plays a major role in experiencing humanity. The current paper approaches art through a behavioral lens rooted in functional contextualism, where producing and observing art are behaviors that emerge and evolve within a multilevel functional context, encompassing natural selection, operant selection, and cultural selection. At the biological level, evolutionary pressures have shaped neurological processes and physiological responses that support artistic engagement. At the operant level, relational frame theory provides insights into how language and experience transform the function of art, and, bi-directionally, how art transforms human experience. At the cultural level, art propagates shared practices and values through mechanisms like metacontingencies and cultural cusps, facilitating intergenerational transmission and societal change. Potential applications include therapeutic interventions leveraging art to promote psychological flexibility, educational initiatives fostering artistic appreciation, and community programs enhancing collective resilience. By integrating biological, behavioral, and cultural perspectives, this analysis highlights art's unique role as a dynamic, adaptive component of human life, capable of enriching and transforming individual and collective experiences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100890"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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