Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100840
Ross G. Menzies , Rachel E. Menzies
This article reviews the central theoretical claims found in the various psychotherapeutic approaches broadly referred to as the existential therapies. Despite substantial differences across existential packages, these therapies broadly arise from the theoretical position that the pain and suffering common to our species arises, not from illnesses hypothesized in traditional medical and psychiatric accounts, but rather from a set of existential concerns that all humans must face. These ‘givens’ of existence include death, identity, isolation, meaning, and freedom. From this theoretical perspective, all branches and brands of psychotherapy need to include some procedures to address these issues. Evidence for the importance of these constructs in human experience is presented, followed by evidence for existential therapies themselves. A dearth of quality research trials establishing a strong evidence base for this branch of therapy was noted. Further, process-based research in this area was shown to be weak. That is, few researchers have sought to show that the hypothesized processes are responsible for the changes observed in existential therapy. We describe how viewing existential therapy through a Process-Based Therapy (PBT) framework and the Extended Evolutionary Meta-Model (EEMM) will encourage: (1) a greater examination of the processes of change occurring; (2) an expansion in the way in which existential therapies operate, enabling the inclusion of procedures drawn from other therapeutic modalities; and (3) more nuanced targeting of existential processes in any given case.
{"title":"Existential therapies and the extended evolutionary meta-model: Turning existential philosophy into process-based therapy","authors":"Ross G. Menzies , Rachel E. Menzies","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article reviews the central theoretical claims found in the various psychotherapeutic approaches broadly referred to as the existential therapies. Despite substantial differences across existential packages, these therapies broadly arise from the theoretical position that the pain and suffering common to our species arises, not from illnesses hypothesized in traditional medical and psychiatric accounts, but rather from a set of existential concerns that all humans must face. These ‘givens’ of existence include death, identity, isolation, meaning, and freedom. From this theoretical perspective, all branches and brands of psychotherapy need to include some procedures to address these issues. Evidence for the importance of these constructs in human experience is presented, followed by evidence for existential therapies themselves. A dearth of quality research trials establishing a strong evidence base for this branch of therapy was noted. Further, process-based research in this area was shown to be weak. That is, few researchers have sought to show that the hypothesized processes are responsible for the changes observed in existential therapy. We describe how viewing existential therapy through a Process-Based Therapy (PBT) framework and the Extended Evolutionary Meta-Model (EEMM) will encourage: (1) a greater examination of the processes of change occurring; (2) an expansion in the way in which existential therapies operate, enabling the inclusion of procedures drawn from other therapeutic modalities; and (3) more nuanced targeting of existential processes in any given case.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212144724001200/pdfft?md5=63409ce5a89376292fe26f1b78d62ed2&pid=1-s2.0-S2212144724001200-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100847
Tara Gudarzi , Matti Cervin
Emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility are widely regarded as key contributors to a range of mental health issues and are integral to several treatment models in the mental health field. However, no study has examined whether the two constructs reflect distinct aspects of psychological functioning or whether they can be clearly differentiated from mental health symptoms and associated impairment. Adolescence is a key period for the onset of mental health problems, making a better understanding of psychological processes involved in mental health in this age group important. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-16, emotion dysregulation) and the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y8, psychological inflexibility) are widely used assessment tools of emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility, but critical evaluations of their validity are sparse. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, we examined the discriminant validity of emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility as measured via the DERS-16 and the AFQ-Y8 in a sample of 633 adolescents (Mage = 16.6 [1.98]). Emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility did not demonstrate discriminant validity. Instead, four strongly correlated factors emerged, each comprising a combination of items from both assessment tools: (1) interference stemming from distressing thoughts and emotions, (2) negative self-evaluation, (3) loss of control when emotional, and (4) confusion about one's emotions. These factors were strongly correlated and adequately captured by an overarching factor, which we termed the X factor, which in turn was very strongly correlated with core symptoms of anxiety and depression and functional impairment stemming from mental health issues. In conclusion, the constructs of emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility, as assessed by the DERS-16 and AFQ-Y8, do not show discriminant validity in adolescents. Furthermore, the constructs measured by these tools are almost empirically indistinguishable from anxiety, depression, and functional impairment.
{"title":"Emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility in adolescents: Discriminant validity and associations with internalizing symptoms and functional impairment","authors":"Tara Gudarzi , Matti Cervin","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility are widely regarded as key contributors to a range of mental health issues and are integral to several treatment models in the mental health field. However, no study has examined whether the two constructs reflect distinct aspects of psychological functioning or whether they can be clearly differentiated from mental health symptoms and associated impairment. Adolescence is a key period for the onset of mental health problems, making a better understanding of psychological processes involved in mental health in this age group important. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-16, emotion dysregulation) and the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y8, psychological inflexibility) are widely used assessment tools of emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility, but critical evaluations of their validity are sparse. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, we examined the discriminant validity of emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility as measured via the DERS-16 and the AFQ-Y8 in a sample of 633 adolescents (M<sub>age</sub> = 16.6 [1.98]). Emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility did not demonstrate discriminant validity. Instead, four strongly correlated factors emerged, each comprising a combination of items from both assessment tools: (1) interference stemming from distressing thoughts and emotions, (2) negative self-evaluation, (3) loss of control when emotional, and (4) confusion about one's emotions. These factors were strongly correlated and adequately captured by an overarching factor, which we termed the X factor, which in turn was very strongly correlated with core symptoms of anxiety and depression and functional impairment stemming from mental health issues. In conclusion, the constructs of emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility, as assessed by the DERS-16 and AFQ-Y8, do not show discriminant validity in adolescents. Furthermore, the constructs measured by these tools are almost empirically indistinguishable from anxiety, depression, and functional impairment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100844
Vasilis S. Vasiliou , Laoise Meany , Chiarra Belluci , Samantha Dockray , Conor Linehan , Samantha Dick , Martin P. Davoren , Michael Byrne
Drug use during college can have substantial harm on students' lives and impacts the institutions' functioning and local communities. Yet existing interventions for drug use at college poorly address the concurrent dynamic influences of the experiences in earlier developmental periods of young adults and the proximal contextual triggers of college life; both risk factors that can contribute to drug use. To address this, we leveraged system dynamic methods and contextual-behavioural science (CBS) approaches to support the development of interventions focusing at addressin these risk factors. Using Causal Loop Diagram methods (Vensim PLE), we collected qualitative data from college students to generate Network Feedback Loops (NFLs) (n = 24, Maged 22 years old), during the development phase of the MyUse: a contextual behavioural change intervention for harm reduction practices at college students. The findings underscored central nodes (determinants within an intervention) that support our previous identified three CBS-harm-reduction practices for college students (targeted edges: mindful drug-use decision making, value-based activities, context-sensitive personalized plan of harm reduction). Analyses revealed 4 NFLs for students with previous drug use, consisting of 13 edges (4 positive, 2 negative, and 4 balancing reinforcing relationships) and 3 NFLs for students with no previous drug use, consisting of 4 positives, one negative, and one balancing relationship. All the NFLs were nested with the three CBS-related targeted outcomes. College students who use drugs need drug-related knowledge about the unpredictable and adverse effects of drugs, presented in a compassionate way and distributed from credible resources (e.g., students’ unions/club). Students with no previous drug use need education about the effects of drugs and awareness of how drugs can devaluate value-based activities (e.g. sports, friendships, social life). These should be delivered via proxy cue reminders and mobile-text approaches conveying messages about drug use susceptibility, distributed in real-time. Idiosyncratic, dynamic, and contextual-bound factors of lapse risks or preventive practices should account for each person-specific vulnerabilities via personalized harm reduction plans.
{"title":"Capturing the context of drug use for college students: A contextual behavioural science informed qualitative analysis of harm reduction practices using network feedback loops simulation modelling","authors":"Vasilis S. Vasiliou , Laoise Meany , Chiarra Belluci , Samantha Dockray , Conor Linehan , Samantha Dick , Martin P. Davoren , Michael Byrne","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug use during college can have substantial harm on students' lives and impacts the institutions' functioning and local communities. Yet existing interventions for drug use at college poorly address the concurrent dynamic influences of the experiences in earlier developmental periods of young adults and the proximal contextual triggers of college life; both risk factors that can contribute to drug use. To address this, we leveraged system dynamic methods and contextual-behavioural science (CBS) approaches to support the development of interventions focusing at addressin these risk factors. Using Causal Loop Diagram methods (Vensim PLE), we collected qualitative data from college students to generate Network Feedback Loops (NFLs) (<em>n</em> = 24, Maged 22 years old), during the development phase of the MyUse: a contextual behavioural change intervention for harm reduction practices at college students. The findings underscored central nodes (determinants within an intervention) that support our previous identified three CBS-harm-reduction practices for college students (targeted edges: mindful drug-use decision making, value-based activities, context-sensitive personalized plan of harm reduction). Analyses revealed 4 NFLs for students with previous drug use, consisting of 13 edges (4 positive, 2 negative, and 4 balancing reinforcing relationships) and 3 NFLs for students with no previous drug use, consisting of 4 positives, one negative, and one balancing relationship. All the NFLs were nested with the three CBS-related targeted outcomes. College students who use drugs need drug-related knowledge about the unpredictable and adverse effects of drugs, presented in a compassionate way and distributed from credible resources (e.g., students’ unions/club). Students with no previous drug use need education about the effects of drugs and awareness of how drugs can devaluate value-based activities (e.g. sports, friendships, social life). These should be delivered via proxy cue reminders and mobile-text approaches conveying messages about drug use susceptibility, distributed in real-time. Idiosyncratic, dynamic, and contextual-bound factors of lapse risks or preventive practices should account for each person-specific vulnerabilities via personalized harm reduction plans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100844"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100828
Emily P. Rabinowitz , Grant Ripley , Michael E. Levin , Philip A. Allen , Douglas L. Delahanty
Introduction
Over 80% of patients with Chiari Malformation (CM) struggle with moderate to severe disability due to neck pain and headaches. Self-guided online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is efficacious in addressing chronic pain. However, it is unclear whether adjunctive weekly phone coaching (a cost- and labor-intensive component of the intervention) contributes to, or provides additional benefit to, ACT's success.
Method
This study randomized 112 participants with CM to ACT + Coaching, ACT-Only, or WC (WC) groups. Participants completed a baseline survey, weekly assessments, a self-guided online ACT intervention, and a one-month follow-up survey. Primary outcomes were psychological flexibility (PF) and chronic pain acceptance; secondary outcomes included pain intensity, pain interference, depression, and anxiety.
Results
There were no differences between the ACT + Coaching and ACT-Only groups on chronic pain acceptance, pain interference, or anxiety; however, there was a small but statistically significant effect favoring ACT + Coaching for depression and PF. Compared to the WC group, both the ACT + Coaching and ACT-Only groups significantly improved in chronic pain acceptance, and anxiety. Adherence was high (91% completed all sessions) and equivalent between conditions. Participants reported coaching was helpful and important, but there were no group differences in intervention satisfaction.
Discussion
There were no differences between treatment groups on most outcomes, intervention satisfaction, engagement, or adherence. Online ACT without adjunctive phone coaching may be a cost- and time-efficient option to address chronic pain acceptance and anxiety, but additional research is needed to establish and improve efficacy for other outcomes.
{"title":"Limited effects of phone coaching in an RCT of online self-guided acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain","authors":"Emily P. Rabinowitz , Grant Ripley , Michael E. Levin , Philip A. Allen , Douglas L. Delahanty","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Over 80% of patients with Chiari Malformation (CM) struggle with moderate to severe disability due to neck pain and headaches. Self-guided online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is efficacious in addressing chronic pain. However, it is unclear whether adjunctive weekly phone coaching (a cost- and labor-intensive component of the intervention) contributes to, or provides additional benefit to, ACT's success.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This study randomized 112 participants with CM to ACT + Coaching, ACT-Only, or WC (WC) groups. Participants completed a baseline survey, weekly assessments, a self-guided online ACT intervention, and a one-month follow-up survey. Primary outcomes were psychological flexibility (PF) and chronic pain acceptance; secondary outcomes included pain intensity, pain interference, depression, and anxiety.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were no differences between the ACT + Coaching and ACT-Only groups on chronic pain acceptance, pain interference, or anxiety; however, there was a small but statistically significant effect favoring ACT + Coaching for depression and PF. Compared to the WC group, both the ACT + Coaching and ACT-Only groups significantly improved in chronic pain acceptance, and anxiety. Adherence was high (91% completed all sessions) and equivalent between conditions. Participants reported coaching was helpful and important, but there were no group differences in intervention satisfaction.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>There were no differences between treatment groups on most outcomes, intervention satisfaction, engagement, or adherence. Online ACT without adjunctive phone coaching may be a cost- and time-efficient option to address chronic pain acceptance and anxiety, but additional research is needed to establish and improve efficacy for other outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical Trials Registration</h3><p>NCT05581472</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221214472400108X/pdfft?md5=c13d85d139de397588e62afba11ade77&pid=1-s2.0-S221214472400108X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100816
Gisell Andrea Diaz-Borda , Sebastian Garcia-Zambrano , Eileen Pfeiffer Flores
This scoping review examines 29 experimental studies on behavioral interventions aimed at teaching perspective-taking (PT) skills, identified through a comprehensive search strategy (PROSPERO: CRD42021252722) and adhering to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The review aimed to (1) identify PT enhancement protocols and their components, (2) assess behavioral measures of protocol efficacy, and (3) describe demographic, bibliometric, and ethical study characteristics. Key findings include a diversity in PT conceptualization aligned with two main theoretical approaches, the Non-Derived and the Derived Response approach, which can hinder comparability. Despite methodological differences, common teaching strategies such as prompting, modeling, and differential reinforcement are prevalent. The results indicate a notable shift from the Non-Derived to the Derived Response approach over time. Most participants were boys under ten with autism or other neurodivergences, and Single-Subject Designs were predominant. Additionally, many studies did not report the geographical origins of participants, which is crucial for understanding the cultural context in perspective-taking research. There were also notable shortcomings in some methodological and ethical aspects, including the lack of participant diversity, insufficient assent from minors, and inadequate reporting of social validity and conflict of interest. The review underscores the need for improved methodological rigor and ethical standards to enhance study comparability and replicability. Future research should calculate effect sizes to provide quantitative measures of intervention effectiveness, thereby advancing the field's understanding of the practical implications of behavioral interventions for PT skills.
{"title":"Behavioral interventions for teaching perspective-taking skills: A scoping review","authors":"Gisell Andrea Diaz-Borda , Sebastian Garcia-Zambrano , Eileen Pfeiffer Flores","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This scoping review examines 29 experimental studies on behavioral interventions aimed at teaching perspective-taking (PT) skills, identified through a comprehensive search strategy (PROSPERO: CRD42021252722) and adhering to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The review aimed to (1) identify PT enhancement protocols and their components, (2) assess behavioral measures of protocol efficacy, and (3) describe demographic, bibliometric, and ethical study characteristics. Key findings include a diversity in PT conceptualization aligned with two main theoretical approaches, the Non-Derived and the Derived Response approach, which can hinder comparability. Despite methodological differences, common teaching strategies such as prompting, modeling, and differential reinforcement are prevalent. The results indicate a notable shift from the Non-Derived to the Derived Response approach over time. Most participants were boys under ten with autism or other neurodivergences, and Single-Subject Designs were predominant. Additionally, many studies did not report the geographical origins of participants, which is crucial for understanding the cultural context in perspective-taking research. There were also notable shortcomings in some methodological and ethical aspects, including the lack of participant diversity, insufficient assent from minors, and inadequate reporting of social validity and conflict of interest. The review underscores the need for improved methodological rigor and ethical standards to enhance study comparability and replicability. Future research should calculate effect sizes to provide quantitative measures of intervention effectiveness, thereby advancing the field's understanding of the practical implications of behavioral interventions for PT skills.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this investigation was to assess the efficacy of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-based group psycho-educational intervention within school environments, administered by psychologists, for early adolescents in Japan. The effectiveness indices measured in this study were ‘clarification of value and commitment (CVC)’ and ‘experiential avoidance (EA)’ as indicators of psychological flexibility of ACT, and self-esteem and self-determination disposition as outcome indices related to well-being. The participants in this study were Japanese junior high school students with a mean age of 14.85 years (SD = 0.86), 112 in the intervention group and 143 in the control group, who completed questionnaires at three time points: before the program (pre), after attending the program (post) and three weeks after the posttest (follow-up). The intervention program, which consisted of three short-term sessions, was shown to be effective in the CVC, self-esteem, and self-determination disposition scores. Conversely, the group-time interaction did not yield a notable impact on the persistence of avoidance behaviors and EA scores, suggesting a potential avenue for refinement in intervention methodologies regarding these domains. These findings offer insight into the potential effectiveness of ACT-based group psycho-educational endeavors in school settings led by psychologists.
{"title":"ACT in school settings: A pilot study of ACT-based universal group psycho-educational program among Japanese early adolescents","authors":"Kenichiro Ishizu , Tomu Ohtsuki , Yoshiyuki Shimoda , Yoshihiko Kunisato","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this investigation was to assess the efficacy of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-based group psycho-educational intervention within school environments, administered by psychologists, for early adolescents in Japan. The effectiveness indices measured in this study were ‘clarification of value and commitment (CVC)’ and ‘experiential avoidance (EA)’ as indicators of psychological flexibility of ACT, and self-esteem and self-determination disposition as outcome indices related to well-being. The participants in this study were Japanese junior high school students with a mean age of 14.85 years (SD = 0.86), 112 in the intervention group and 143 in the control group, who completed questionnaires at three time points: before the program (pre), after attending the program (post) and three weeks after the posttest (follow-up). The intervention program, which consisted of three short-term sessions, was shown to be effective in the CVC, self-esteem, and self-determination disposition scores. Conversely, the group-time interaction did not yield a notable impact on the persistence of avoidance behaviors and EA scores, suggesting a potential avenue for refinement in intervention methodologies regarding these domains. These findings offer insight into the potential effectiveness of ACT-based group psycho-educational endeavors in school settings led by psychologists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100851"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This trial aimed to assess the effect of an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and mindfulness-based intervention on the various psychological and physical issues associated with obesity. A parallel group randomized controlled trial was conducted with 142 adults with body mass indexes in the overweight or obesity range seeking treatment. Participants were assigned either to the ACT and mindfulness-based group intervention (Mind&Life intervention) plus treatment as usual (TAU) or the TAU-only condition. Individuals receiving the Mind&Life intervention with TAU showed more adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and greater decrease in external eating, weight, and visceral fat both at posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up. Moreover, they displayed a greater reduction in total protein and animal protein intake and GPT enzymes level. By 6-month follow-up, the Mind&Life group experienced a lower impact of weight on quality of life than TAU participants. However, Mind&Life intervention completers showed greater restrained eating levels at follow-up. Overall, this study suggests that an ACT and mindfulness-based group intervention could produce improvements in the impact of weight on quality of life, some eating behaviors, dietary habits, and weight and body composition parameters of people facing weight-related challenges.
{"title":"An acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness group intervention for the psychological and physical well-being of adults with body mass indexes in the overweight or obese range: The Mind&Life randomized controlled trial","authors":"Idoia Iturbe , Iratxe Urkia-Susin , Enrique Echeburúa , Ane Miren Barbón , Edurne Maiz","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This trial aimed to assess the effect of an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and mindfulness-based intervention on the various psychological and physical issues associated with obesity. A parallel group randomized controlled trial was conducted with 142 adults with body mass indexes in the overweight or obesity range seeking treatment. Participants were assigned either to the ACT and mindfulness-based group intervention (Mind&Life intervention) plus treatment as usual (TAU) or the TAU-only condition. Individuals receiving the Mind&Life intervention with TAU showed more adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and greater decrease in external eating, weight, and visceral fat both at posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up. Moreover, they displayed a greater reduction in total protein and animal protein intake and GPT enzymes level. By 6-month follow-up, the Mind&Life group experienced a lower impact of weight on quality of life than TAU participants. However, Mind&Life intervention completers showed greater restrained eating levels at follow-up. Overall, this study suggests that an ACT and mindfulness-based group intervention could produce improvements in the impact of weight on quality of life, some eating behaviors, dietary habits, and weight and body composition parameters of people facing weight-related challenges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100827"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212144724001078/pdfft?md5=093334dc78b3765e9901e82fae644bfc&pid=1-s2.0-S2212144724001078-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100854
Francisco J. Ruiz , Javier M. Bianchi , Douglas M. Bastidas-Suárez , Eduar S. Ramírez , Valentina Peña-Hernández
The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – II (AAQ-II) has been heavily criticized based on factor-analytic studies that analyzed its discriminant validity. These studies have suggested that the AAQ-II may measure trait negative emotion/neuroticism, which has led some authors to suggest that the studies utilizing the AAQ-II might be reread, changing "psychological flexibility” or "experiential avoidance” for "neuroticism,” "negative emotion,” or "distress.” We suggest most of these findings are due to the inconsistent use of the AAQ-II as a measure of psychological flexibility and experiential avoidance instead of psychological inflexibility. Additionally, we analyze the discriminant validity of the Spanish version of the AAQ-II in three Colombian samples. In Study 1, we conducted both exploratory graph analysis (EGA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine the number of dimensions in a general online sample (N = 2398) and a treatment-seeking sample (N = 358) that responded to the AAQ-II and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale – 21 (DASS-21). In Study 2, we conducted the same analyses in a general online sample (N = 444) that responded to the AAQ-II, DASS-21, and the Big Five Inventory – 2 Neuroticism subscale. All analyses indicated that the AAQ-II items pertained to a unique community/factor and strongly supported the discriminant validity of the AAQ-II in Colombian samples. We recommend using the AAQ-II only as a measure of psychological inflexibility and argue that it is too adventurous to suggest the reinterpretation of thousands of studies and discourage journals from publishing articles using the AAQ-II.
{"title":"Is the AAQ-II that bad?","authors":"Francisco J. Ruiz , Javier M. Bianchi , Douglas M. Bastidas-Suárez , Eduar S. Ramírez , Valentina Peña-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – II (AAQ-II) has been heavily criticized based on factor-analytic studies that analyzed its discriminant validity. These studies have suggested that the AAQ-II may measure trait negative emotion/neuroticism, which has led some authors to suggest that the studies utilizing the AAQ-II might be reread, changing \"psychological flexibility” or \"experiential avoidance” for \"neuroticism,” \"negative emotion,” or \"distress.” We suggest most of these findings are due to the inconsistent use of the AAQ-II as a measure of psychological flexibility and experiential avoidance instead of psychological inflexibility. Additionally, we analyze the discriminant validity of the Spanish version of the AAQ-II in three Colombian samples. In Study 1, we conducted both exploratory graph analysis (EGA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine the number of dimensions in a general online sample (<em>N</em> = 2398) and a treatment-seeking sample (<em>N</em> = 358) that responded to the AAQ-II and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale – 21 (DASS-21). In Study 2, we conducted the same analyses in a general online sample (<em>N</em> = 444) that responded to the AAQ-II, DASS-21, and the Big Five Inventory – 2 Neuroticism subscale. All analyses indicated that the AAQ-II items pertained to a unique community/factor and strongly supported the discriminant validity of the AAQ-II in Colombian samples. We recommend using the AAQ-II only as a measure of psychological inflexibility and argue that it is too adventurous to suggest the reinterpretation of thousands of studies and discourage journals from publishing articles using the AAQ-II.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100845
Kristiina Räihä, Henna Asikainen, Nina Katajavuori
Previous research in higher education has shown that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) -based interventions have beneficial effects on students’ well-being. However, not much is known about the range of behaviour changes behind these outcomes.
In this mixed methods study, we explored the variety of the changes ACT-based course participating university students (N = 101) describe in their reflective learning reports. We did so by applying the Extended Evolutionary Meta Model (EEMM) in abductive content analysis, and by applying network visualisation of the various study burnout risk change groups.
The results showed that the largest proportion of students described changes in the EEMM dimension of overt behaviour (75%), especially time and effort management. Vitality, and decreased distress were the most described outcomes related to behaviour changes.
Study burnout risk decreased significantly at the course level. When observing the interrelations of behaviour changes in the networks of burnout risk change groups, alongside time and effort management, attentional and affective dimensions representing present moment awareness and acceptance were central changes in the group that had the greatest reduction in burnout risk. These findings contribute to the need to map out the variety of beneficial mechanisms and serve further idiographic research about changes during study-integrated ACT-based interventions.
{"title":"Changes in university students’ behaviour and study burnout risk during ACT-based online course intervention: A mixed methods study","authors":"Kristiina Räihä, Henna Asikainen, Nina Katajavuori","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research in higher education has shown that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) -based interventions have beneficial effects on students’ well-being. However, not much is known about the range of behaviour changes behind these outcomes.</div><div>In this mixed methods study, we explored the variety of the changes ACT-based course participating university students (N = 101) describe in their reflective learning reports. We did so by applying the Extended Evolutionary Meta Model (EEMM) in abductive content analysis, and by applying network visualisation of the various study burnout risk change groups.</div><div>The results showed that the largest proportion of students described changes in the EEMM dimension of overt behaviour (75%), especially time and effort management. Vitality, and decreased distress were the most described outcomes related to behaviour changes.</div><div>Study burnout risk decreased significantly at the course level. When observing the interrelations of behaviour changes in the networks of burnout risk change groups, alongside time and effort management, attentional and affective dimensions representing present moment awareness and acceptance were central changes in the group that had the greatest reduction in burnout risk. These findings contribute to the need to map out the variety of beneficial mechanisms and serve further idiographic research about changes during study-integrated ACT-based interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100845"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100843
Wanting Zu , Fei Li , Xiaoxuan Ma , Shiyun Zhang , Wenbo Nie , Lisheng Wang
Background and objective
Anxiety, depression, and diabetes distress are three common psychological distresses among people with type 2 diabetes. Although previous research has explored factors associated with them, most studies have viewed these factors as independent constructs, overlooking the complex interactions between these factors, which can limit our understanding of psychological symptoms and associated factors from an integrated perspective. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between psychological distress outcomes and related psychological factors in people with diabetes from a network analysis perspective and further provide evidence for the selection of specific psychological intervention targets.
Design and setting
A cross-sectional study was conducted in person at diabetes centers of three tertiary hospitals in China.
Participants
481 adults with type 2 diabetes (62% male; mean age 51.91 ± 13.64 years; mean HbA1c 9.34 ± 2.23%) were recruited between December 2022 and April 2023.
Methods
Psychological distress outcomes and related factors analyzed included depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), diabetes distress (DDS), acceptance level (AADQ), cognitive fusion (CFQ), social support (PSSS), and self-efficacy (DMSES). Correlation analyses and network analyses were used to explore complex associations among these variables.
Results
The network included ten nodes, diabetes-related interpersonal distress, anxiety, and regimen-related distress were the most influential in the network. Significant relationships emerged in networks with five nodes, with both acceptance level and cognitive fusion associated with the general psychological distress and diabetes distress; social support demonstrated stable associations with all three psychological outcomes in each network.
Conclusion
After controlling for other factors, psychological flexibility and social support could still be significantly associated with psychological distress outcomes, indicating the potential to integrate them as transdiagnostic processes into psychological interventions for this population. However, the results of this study are based on the group level, and the dynamic networks of individuals need to be further explored in order to meet the needs of individuals in different contexts.
{"title":"Exploring the interconnectedness of depression, anxiety, diabetes distress, and related psychosocial factors in adults with type 2 diabetes: A network analysis","authors":"Wanting Zu , Fei Li , Xiaoxuan Ma , Shiyun Zhang , Wenbo Nie , Lisheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><div>Anxiety, depression, and diabetes distress are three common psychological distresses among people with type 2 diabetes. Although previous research has explored factors associated with them, most studies have viewed these factors as independent constructs, overlooking the complex interactions between these factors, which can limit our understanding of psychological symptoms and associated factors from an integrated perspective. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between psychological distress outcomes and related psychological factors in people with diabetes from a network analysis perspective and further provide evidence for the selection of specific psychological intervention targets.</div></div><div><h3>Design and setting</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted in person at diabetes centers of three tertiary hospitals in China.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>481 adults with type 2 diabetes (62% male; mean age 51.91 ± 13.64 years; mean HbA1c 9.34 ± 2.23%) were recruited between December 2022 and April 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Psychological distress outcomes and related factors analyzed included depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), diabetes distress (DDS), acceptance level (AADQ), cognitive fusion (CFQ), social support (PSSS), and self-efficacy (DMSES). Correlation analyses and network analyses were used to explore complex associations among these variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The network included ten nodes, diabetes-related interpersonal distress, anxiety, and regimen-related distress were the most influential in the network. Significant relationships emerged in networks with five nodes, with both acceptance level and cognitive fusion associated with the general psychological distress and diabetes distress; social support demonstrated stable associations with all three psychological outcomes in each network.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>After controlling for other factors, psychological flexibility and social support could still be significantly associated with psychological distress outcomes, indicating the potential to integrate them as transdiagnostic processes into psychological interventions for this population. However, the results of this study are based on the group level, and the dynamic networks of individuals need to be further explored in order to meet the needs of individuals in different contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100843"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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