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How Racial Matter Comes to Matter: Memory Work, Animacy and Childhood Dolls 种族问题是如何产生的:记忆工作,动画和童年玩偶
2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/1357034x231189178
Iram Khawaja, Dorthe Staunæs, Mante Vertelyte
Dolls have a long history in psychological and literary scholarship, and in popular culture. Many of these cultural products point to how dolls bring forth imaginaries of race and gender. Dolls, however, are not only figures of representation or identification. Dolls are agential in the ways they bring life to racialised, affective and embodied experiences. In this article, we develop an affective hauntology, applying memory work to explore how memories of childhood dolls can inform us about formations of race, racialisation and Whiteness. Applying Mel Y. Chen’s conceptualisation of animacy as an affective-material construction, we explore how dolls become ‘real and true’, bringing forth how racial matters come to matter as part of gendered subjectivities. Our memories of childhood dolls cut across different geopolitical and historical contexts – Eastern Europe, Western Europe and South-East Asia – revealing interesting differences and similarities in terms of processes of racialisation from the 1970s to 1990s.
玩偶在心理学和文学学术以及流行文化中有着悠久的历史。这些文化产品中的许多都指出,玩偶是如何带来对种族和性别的想象的。然而,娃娃不仅仅是代表或身份的人物。娃娃是能动的,因为它们给种族化、情感化和具体化的体验带来了生命。在这篇文章中,我们发展了一种情感鬼魂学,运用记忆工作来探索童年玩偶的记忆如何告诉我们种族、种族化和白人的形成。我们运用陈美尔(Mel Y. Chen)的动画概念作为一种情感物质建构,探索娃娃如何变得“真实”,并提出种族问题如何成为性别主体性的一部分。我们对童年玩偶的记忆跨越了不同的地缘政治和历史背景——东欧、西欧和东南亚——揭示了从20世纪70年代到90年代种族化过程中有趣的差异和相似之处。
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引用次数: 0
Bodily Scars as Lived Memory in Post-Genocide Rwanda 大屠杀后卢旺达的身体恐惧成为活的记忆
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-05 DOI: 10.1177/1357034X231185862
David Mwambari, Eric Sibomana
Scholarship about politics and the body in conflicts has gained prominence in academic debates. This article advances these conversations by arguing that bodily scars are potent ‘carriers’ of memories of mass atrocities committed during the genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda. Using both semi-structured interviews and a wide range of secondary sources, this study found that bodily scars – as physical manifestations of wartime torture and pain – evidence past atrocities and survivor resilience. Similarly, they are avenues through which the past is communicated and transformed (in ways that complement and surpass other mediums of memory). Bodily scars play powerful and complex roles in memory conversations; they communicate trauma and keep memories of the mass violence vivid in public and private realms. This article empirically contributes to discussions on the politics of memory in post-genocide Rwanda, and body studies and memory scholarship more broadly.
关于政治和冲突中的身体的学术研究在学术辩论中获得了突出地位。这篇文章通过认为身体伤痕是卢旺达对图西族种族灭绝期间犯下的大规模暴行记忆的有力“载体”来推进这些对话。通过半结构化访谈和广泛的次要来源,这项研究发现,身体伤痕——作为战时酷刑和痛苦的身体表现——证明了过去的暴行和幸存者的复原力。同样,它们也是交流和改变过去的途径(以补充和超越其他记忆媒介的方式)。身体伤痕在记忆对话中扮演着强大而复杂的角色;他们传达创伤,并在公共和私人领域保持对大规模暴力的生动记忆。这篇文章从经验上有助于讨论种族灭绝后卢旺达的记忆政治,以及更广泛的身体研究和记忆学术。
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引用次数: 1
The More-Than-Human Micropolitics of the Dissection Assemblage: What Can a ‘Dead’ Body Do? 解剖组合的超越人类的微观政治:一具“尸体”能做什么?
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/1357034X231189458
J. Burr, N. Fox
Posthumanism offers a unique opportunity to examine the relationship between dead and living bodies. In this article, we explore one setting in which matter – conventionally considered as ‘dead’, demonstrates its continued vitality: the anatomical dissection room. Using data from interview transcripts, we report on the affect (capacities to affect and be affected) within this space, to reveal the micropolitics of dissection. Analysis of the ‘dissection-assemblage’ reveals how interactions between the living – students, teachers, technicians – and dead bodies not only produce knowledge and understanding of human anatomy but also show how the dead body gains new capacities to affect living bodies psychologically, emotionally and physiologically. While conventional humanist discussions of dissection have addressed how these interactions ‘de-humanise’ and ‘re-humanise’ the cadaver in this particular setting, this analysis discloses a complex micropolitics in which the conventional distinction between ‘living’ and ‘dead’ ignores the multiple ways in which all matter is vitally affective.
后人文主义为研究尸体和活体之间的关系提供了一个独特的机会。在这篇文章中,我们探索了一个通常被视为“死亡”的物质展现其持续活力的环境:解剖解剖室。利用访谈记录中的数据,我们报告了这个空间内的影响(影响和被影响的能力),以揭示解剖的微观政治。对“解剖组合”的分析揭示了活体——学生、教师、技术人员——和尸体之间的互动不仅产生了对人体解剖学的知识和理解,还显示了尸体如何获得新的能力,在心理、情感和生理上影响活体。虽然传统的解剖人文主义讨论已经解决了这些互动如何在这种特定的环境中“去人性化”和“重新人性化”尸体,但这一分析揭示了一种复杂的微观政治,在这种微观政治中,“活的”和“死的”之间的传统区别忽略了所有物质都至关重要的多种方式。
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引用次数: 1
The Temporal Politics of Placenta Epigenetics: Bodies, Environments and Time. 胎盘表观遗传学的时间政治:身体、环境和时间。
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/1357034x211068883
Martine Lappé, Robbin Jeffries Hein

This article builds on feminist scholarship on new biologies and the body to describe the temporal politics of epigenetic research related to the human placenta. Drawing on interviews with scientists and observations at conferences and in laboratories, we argue that epigenetic research simultaneously positions placenta tissue as a way back into maternal and fetal bodies following birth, as a lens onto children's future well-being, and as a bankable resource for ongoing research. Our findings reflect how developmental models of health have helped recast the placenta as an agential organ that is uniquely responsive to environments during pregnancy and capable of embodying biological evidence about the effects of in utero experiences after birth. We develop the concept of 'recursive embodiment' to describe how placenta epigenetics is reimagining relationships between bodies and environments across developmental, epigenetic, and generational time, and the impacts this has for experiences of pregnancy and responsibilities related to children's health.

这篇文章建立在新生物学和身体的女权主义奖学金上,描述了与人类胎盘相关的表观遗传学研究的时间政治。根据对科学家的采访和在会议和实验室的观察,我们认为表观遗传学研究同时将胎盘组织定位为出生后返回母体和胎儿身体的途径,作为观察儿童未来福祉的镜头,以及作为正在进行的研究的可融资资源。我们的研究结果反映了健康的发育模型如何帮助将胎盘重塑为一个代理器官,它在怀孕期间对环境有独特的反应,能够体现出出生后子宫内经历影响的生物学证据。我们提出了“递归体现”的概念,以描述胎盘表观遗传学如何在发育、表观遗传和代际时间中重塑身体与环境之间的关系,以及这对怀孕经历和与儿童健康相关的责任的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Biocircularities: New Formations of Embodied Time 生物循环:具体时间的新形式
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/1357034X231181100
Branwyn Poleykett, K. Jent
In this introduction to the special section ‘Biocircularities: New Formations of Embodied Time’, we introduce the concept of ‘biocircularity’. Drawing on case studies from Senegal, Australia and the United States, we argue that (bio)circularities provides a new tool to understand transformations of embodiment and embodied time in response to rapid technoscientific, social and environmental change. We situate the potential of biocircularity by distinguishing the approach from cycles and ‘looping’. We lay out why we think biocircularity is an important concept now, when we stand on the brink of ecological crisis and reproductive futures appear deeply precarious and uncertain. Biocircularity, we argue, offers new ways of understanding how people live out embodiment and understand biological time. The concept offers new possibilities for theorising and realising scientific practice and public health interventions.
在“生物循环:体现时间的新形态”这一特殊章节的介绍中,我们介绍了“生物循环”的概念。通过对塞内加尔、澳大利亚和美国的案例研究,我们认为(生物)循环提供了一种新的工具来理解体现时间和体现时间的转变,以应对快速的技术、科学、社会和环境变化。我们通过区分循环和“循环”的方法来定位生物循环的潜力。我们阐述了为什么我们认为生物循环现在是一个重要的概念,当我们站在生态危机的边缘,生殖的未来似乎非常不稳定和不确定。我们认为,生物循环提供了理解人类如何活出化身和理解生物时间的新方法。这一概念为科学实践和公共卫生干预的理论化和实现提供了新的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Architecture for Anatomy: History, Affect, and the Material Reproduction of the Body in Two Medical School Buildings 解剖学的建筑:历史、影响和两个医学院建筑中身体的材料复制
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1177/1357034X231161312
John Nott
Medical schools are among the most important spaces for the history of the body. It is here that students come to know the anatomical bodies of their future patients and, through a process of cognitive and embodied practice, that the knowing bodies of future clinicians are also shaped. Practical and theoretical understandings of medicine are formed in these affective and historied buildings and in collaboration with a broad material culture of education. Medical schools are, however, both under-theorised and under-historicised. This article integrates ‘materialist’ considerations of the body with Henri Lefebvre’s philosophy of space and rhythm in order to compare two markedly different spaces – the 19th-century Anatomy Department at Semmelweis University in Hungary and the mid-20th-century ‘skills laboratory’ at Maastricht University in the Netherlands. This comparison suggests that biomedical bodies are variously shaped by the agential and affective material histories present in the everyday experience of contemporary medical education.
医学院是研究人体历史最重要的场所之一。正是在这里,学生们了解了他们未来病人的解剖体,并通过认知和具体化的实践过程,塑造了未来临床医生的知识体。对医学的实践和理论理解是在这些情感和历史建筑中形成的,并与广泛的物质文化教育合作。然而,医学院既缺乏理论化,也缺乏历史化。这篇文章将身体的“唯物主义”考虑与Henri Lefebvre的空间和节奏哲学结合起来,以比较两个明显不同的空间——19世纪匈牙利Semmelweis大学的解剖系和20世纪中叶荷兰马斯特里赫特大学的“技能实验室”。这种比较表明,生物医学的身体是由当代医学教育日常经验中存在的代理和情感物质历史所塑造的。
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引用次数: 0
On the Contesting Conceptualisation of the Human Body: Between ‘Homo-Microbis’ and ‘Homo-Algorithmicus’ 关于人体概念的争论:在“微观人”和“算法人”之间
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1177/1357034X231151855
Dan M. Kotliar, Rafi Grosglik
Microbiome science has highlighted human and microbial interdependency, offering a radical epistemic shift from the individualistic view of the human body and self. Research has accordingly offered to see humans as ‘homo-microbis’ – complex biomolecular networks composed of humans and their associated microbes. While social scientists have begun to address microbiome science, the proliferation and commodification of the homo-microbial episteme have largely been overlooked. Based on an ethnographic account of a research project that offered microbiome-based personalised nutrition and the successful start-up that emerged from it, this article examines the emergence, proliferation, and commodification of the homo-microbial body. We show that this episteme necessarily depends on opaque machine learning algorithms; that the microbiome is paradoxically seen as a data-driven individuating marker; and that homo-microbis is, in fact, also a homo-algorithmicus – a being that can only access its non-human sub-parts by blindly following opaque algorithmic recommendations in an app.
微生物组科学强调了人类和微生物的相互依存性,从对人体和自我的个人主义观点出发,提供了一种彻底的认识转变。因此,研究提出将人类视为“同源微生物”——由人类及其相关微生物组成的复杂生物分子网络。虽然社会科学家已经开始研究微生物组科学,但同源微生物认识的扩散和商品化在很大程度上被忽视了。基于对一个提供基于微生物组的个性化营养的研究项目的民族志描述,以及由此产生的成功创业,本文考察了同型微生物体的出现、增殖和商品化。我们证明了这种认识论必然依赖于不透明的机器学习算法;微生物组被矛盾地视为数据驱动的个体标记;事实上,homo-microbis也是一种homo-algorithmicus&一种只能通过在应用程序中盲目遵循不透明的算法推荐来访问其非人类子部分的生物。
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引用次数: 1
Redefining Bioavailability through Migrant Egg Donors in Spain 通过西班牙移民卵子捐赠者重新定义生物可利用性
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/1357034x231161319
Michal Nahman, C. Weis
This article utilises feminist technoscience studies’ notions of bodily ‘materialisation’ and ‘ontological choreographies’, offering a cyborg feminist account of ‘bioavailability’ as embodied becomings, rather than a fixed ontological state of being. Drawn from 2 years’ ethnographic study in in vitro fertilisation clinics in Spain with migrant women who provided eggs to the cross-border in vitro fertilisation industry, this work explores how global understandings of race and inequalities, clinical practices and women’s own emotional and physical labours collectively produce bioavailability. Through examples from observations and interviews in in vitro fertilisation clinics, we examined women’s embodied stories to understand the ways in which bioavailability becomes. The article demonstrates a novel way in which to think about ‘bioavailability’, a concept which has already been of enormous use to the social sciences since its introduction by Lawrence Cohen. We examine recent configurations of bodily extraction in the reproduction–migration nexus that help us rethink the concept of bioavailability.
本文利用女性主义技术科学研究的身体“物质化”和“本体论编排”的概念,提供了一个电子女性主义的“生物可利用性”的描述,作为具体化的成为,而不是一种固定的本体论存在状态。在西班牙的体外受精诊所进行了为期2年的人种学研究,研究对象是向跨境体外受精行业提供卵子的移民妇女,这项工作探讨了全球对种族和不平等、临床实践以及妇女自己的情感和体力劳动的理解如何共同产生生物利用度。通过体外受精诊所的观察和访谈,我们研究了女性的具体故事,以了解生物利用度如何变得。这篇文章展示了一种思考“生物利用度”的新颖方式,这个概念自劳伦斯·科恩(Lawrence Cohen)提出以来,已经在社会科学中发挥了巨大的作用。我们研究了生殖-迁移关系中身体提取的最新配置,这有助于我们重新思考生物利用度的概念。
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引用次数: 1
Cochlear Implants: Young Adults’ Embodied Experiences of Deafness and Hearing through Implanted Technology 人工耳蜗:年轻人通过植入技术获得耳聋和听力的具体体验
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/1357034X231158330
Claire Elizabeth Harris, Susan R. Hemer, A. Chur-Hansen
This article ethnographically considers the experiences of Australian young people who were born deaf and who hear and listen through cochlear implants to explore the intersection between the sensory body, lived experience and technology. The article draws on phenomenology to examine how experiences of deafness are productive in analysing articulations of embodiment and the meanings embedded in a body that is valued as both deaf and hearing. Leaving aside binary conceptions of deaf versus hearing, and understandings of the cochlear implant as a remedy for sensory deficits, we instead make a case for nuanced understandings of the device and embodied experiences through technology. This analysis identifies how a cochlear implanted body navigates connections to the world and to others in turning on and off engagement. We contend that the device has an intrinsic value for recipients through enabling their access to hearing while not removing their experiences of deafness.
这篇文章从民族志的角度考虑了澳大利亚年轻人的经历,他们天生失聪,通过人工耳蜗来听和听,以探索感觉体,生活经验和技术之间的交集。本文利用现象学来研究耳聋的经历如何在分析具体化的表达和嵌入在一个既聋又听的身体中的意义方面是富有成效的。撇开耳聋与听力的二元概念,以及将人工耳蜗植入作为一种感官缺陷的补救措施的理解不谈,我们转而对设备和通过技术体现的体验进行细致入微的理解。这一分析确定了植入人工耳蜗的身体如何通过打开和关闭接触来导航与世界和他人的联系。我们认为,该设备具有内在价值,通过使他们能够获得听力,而不是消除他们的耳聋经验。
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引用次数: 1
Programming Plasticity as Embodied in Childhood: A Critical Genealogy of The Biology of Adversity and Resilience 体现在儿童时期的程序可塑性:逆境与韧性生物学的一个重要谱系
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/1357034X231158322
K. Ryan
The Biology of Adversity and Resilience coheres around the claim that early childhood experiences of stress and adversity get ‘under the skin’ and become ‘biologically embedded’, increasing the risk of negative health and behavioural outcomes later in life. Taking a genealogical approach to biosocial plasticity, this article situates The Biology of Adversity and Resilience within the arc of an apparatus of power/knowledge that emerged in tandem with liberal governmentality and which assumes childhood as a means of programming the future. The argument is that The Biology of Adversity and Resilience is a normative fiction: a socially scripted story that figures the ‘resilient’ child in a way that potentially sustains extant inequalities by prefiguring a future that is in step with the neoliberal present.
《逆境和适应力生物学》一书围绕着这样一种观点:儿童早期的压力和逆境经历会“深入皮肤”,并成为“生物学上的内在因素”,增加了日后健康和行为方面的负面影响。本文采用生物社会可塑性的谱系学方法,将逆境和恢复的生物学置于权力/知识机构的弧线中,这种机构与自由治理相结合,并将童年视为规划未来的一种手段。争论的焦点是,《逆境与韧性的生物学》是一本规范的小说:一个社会脚本化的故事,以一种潜在地维持现有不平等的方式,描绘了一个“韧性”的孩子,预示了一个与新自由主义同步的未来。
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引用次数: 1
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