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Living with ‘New Diseases’ in Dakar: Embodied Time and the Emergence of Chronicity 在达喀尔与“新疾病”共存:具体化的时间和慢性病的出现
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-25 DOI: 10.1177/1357034X221080132
Branwyn Poleykett
In this article, I examine how the emergence of chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and heart disease reshapes perceptions of time, embodiment, ageing and the life course in the West African city of Dakar. Focusing on the complex, discontinuous and cyclical nature of chronic disease in this context, I argue that experiences of chronicity in Dakar can be analysed using a ‘biocircular’ lens. Biocircular approaches draw attention to new forms of embodied temporality that emerge in the wake of ‘new diseases’. I identify three new forms of embodied time produced and engaged by ailing and ageing people in Dakar. First, chronic symptoms emerge out of time, at unexpected junctures in the life course. Second, chronic diseases are understood to speed up or accelerate body pace. Finally, food can be implicated not just in harmful and risky consumption, but in healing and metabolic repair.
在这篇文章中,我研究了糖尿病、高血压和心脏病等慢性疾病的出现如何重塑西非城市达喀尔对时间、化身、衰老和生命历程的看法。在这种背景下,针对慢性病的复杂性、不连续性和周期性,我认为达喀尔的慢性病经历可以用“生物圆形”的视角进行分析。生物循环方法引起人们对“新疾病”之后出现的新形式的具体时间性的关注。我确定了达喀尔患病和老年人产生和参与的三种新形式的具体时间。首先,慢性症状是在生命过程中意想不到的时刻出现的。其次,慢性病被认为会加快或加速身体的步伐。最后,食物不仅与有害和危险的消费有关,还与愈合和代谢修复有关。
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引用次数: 2
Symmetries of Touch: Reconsidering Tactility in the Age of Ubiquitous Computing 触摸的对称性:在无处不在的计算时代重新思考触觉
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/1357034X221097068
R. Ladewig, H. Schmidgen
Engaging with the specific ways current media technologies interact with, or directly access the human body, we suggest developing a ‘symmetrical’ theory of touch. Critically referring to Bruno Latour’s invocation of ‘symmetrical anthropology’, we reconsider tactile agency as ‘technological agency’, arguing that the concept of touch – traditionally viewed as an exclusively human ability – should be extended to non-human actors and analysed in view of the cultural logic of capitalism. Its systematic focus, then, is on the productive intersections and contact zones between biology and technology: from phenomena of non-human touch in industrial production (lathing, printing, etc.) to the material touching taking place in the instrumental grasp on the living in the 19th-century physiological laboratories and the invisible operations of tracing, tracking and sensing taking place in the technological milieus of today’s (media) environments. In highlighting the tactile dimension of digital modernity and its economic genealogies, this article aims to advance a combined concept of human and non-human touch which provides a crucial angle for reconsidering bodies and technologies in the age of ubiquitous computing.
结合当前媒体技术与人体互动或直接接触人体的具体方式,我们建议发展一种“对称”触摸理论。批判性地参考布鲁诺·拉图尔(Bruno Latour)的“对称人类学”,我们将触觉代理重新考虑为“技术代理”,认为触觉的概念——传统上被视为一种专属于人类的能力——应该扩展到非人类的行动者,并从资本主义的文化逻辑角度进行分析。因此,它的系统焦点是生物学和技术之间的生产交叉点和接触区域:从工业生产(车床、印刷等)中的非人类触摸现象,到19世纪生理实验室中对生物的仪器掌握中发生的物质触摸,以及在今天(媒体)环境的技术环境中发生的追踪、跟踪和传感的无形操作。在强调数字现代性的触觉维度及其经济谱系的同时,本文旨在提出一种人类和非人类触觉的结合概念,这为在无处不在的计算时代重新思考身体和技术提供了一个重要的角度。
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引用次数: 0
Circuits of Time: Enacting Postgenomics in Indigenous Australia 时间的循环:在澳大利亚土著制定后基因组学
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.1177/1357034X211070041
M. Warin, Jaya Keaney, E. Kowal, Henrietta Byrne
Some Indigenous Australians have embraced developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) and epigenetic discourses to highlight the legacies of slow violence in a settler colonial context. Despite important differences between Indigenous and scientific knowledges, some Indigenous scholars are positioning DOHaD and epigenetics as a resource to benefit their communities. This article argues that time plays a crucial role of brokering disparate knowledge spaces in Indigenous discourses of postgenomics, with both Indigenous cosmological frames and DOHaD/epigenetics centring a circular temporal model. Drawing on interview data with scientists who work in Indigenous health, and broader ethnographic work in Indigenous Australian contexts where epigenetics is deployed, this article explores how different circularities of space and time become entangled to co-produce narratives of historical trauma. We use the concept of biocircularity to understand the complex ways that Indigenous and postgenomic temporalities are separated and connected, circling each other to produce a postcolonial articulation of postgenomics as a model of collective embodiment and distributed responsibility.
一些澳大利亚土著居民接受了健康和疾病的发展起源和表观遗传学论述,以突出移民殖民背景下缓慢暴力的遗产。尽管土著知识和科学知识之间存在重大差异,但一些土著学者正在将DOHaD和表观遗传学定位为有利于他们社区的资源。本文认为,时间在土著的后基因组学话语中扮演着重要的角色,土著的宇宙学框架和DOHaD/表观遗传学都以一个圆形的时间模型为中心。根据对土著健康领域的科学家的采访数据,以及在澳大利亚土著背景下开展的更广泛的民族志工作,本文探讨了空间和时间的不同循环如何纠缠在一起,共同产生历史创伤的叙述。我们使用生物循环的概念来理解土著和后基因组时间性分离和联系的复杂方式,相互循环,产生后基因组学的后殖民表达,作为集体体现和分配责任的模型。
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引用次数: 2
The Tacit Dimension of Touch: Tactile Recognition, Tangibility and Self-touch in Kurt Goldstein’s Studies on Agnosia 触觉的隐性维度:戈尔茨坦失认症研究中的触觉识别、有形性和自我触觉
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.1177/1357034X211058780
R. Ladewig
In his experimental studies on tactile recognition, the German neurologist Kurt Goldstein observes a peculiar ‘twitching movement’ of the body in neurologically impaired patients suffering from mind-blindness. Drawing on Goldstein’s interpretation of these bodily movements as kinaesthetic reactions, the present article advances a symmetrical conception of tactility that relocates the bipolarity of the sense of touch within the human body. In line with this symmetrical approach, the kinaesthetic reactions will be construed as tactile self-activation or self-touch of the body and conceptualized, following Michael Polanyi’s epistemological notion, as the ‘tacit dimension of touch’. Combining neuropathological aspects with a media theoretical and epistemological trajectory, this article aims at re-evaluating the centrality of the registers of the sense of touch as the fundamental ground for grasping the world in its concrete encounters as well as in its symbolic abstractions.
在对触觉识别的实验研究中,德国神经学家库尔特·戈尔茨坦(Kurt Goldstein)观察到患有思维盲症的神经受损患者的身体有一种特殊的“抽搐运动”。根据戈尔茨坦对这些身体运动作为动觉反应的解释,本文提出了一种对称的触觉概念,重新定位了人体内触觉的两极。根据这种对称的方法,动觉反应将被解释为身体的触觉自我激活或自我触摸,并按照迈克尔·波兰尼的认识论概念,被概念化为“触摸的隐性维度”。结合神经病理学方面与媒介理论和认识论轨迹,本文旨在重新评估触觉寄存器的中心地位,作为在具体接触中把握世界以及在象征性抽象中把握世界的基本基础。
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引用次数: 0
Pathic Subjectivation: Guattari’s Experiments with Contact 病态主体化:瓜塔里的接触实验
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-22 DOI: 10.1177/1357034X211056063
A. Goffey
Engaging with the account of pathic subjectivation developed by Félix Guattari, this article explores the ways in which his thinking about the production of subjectivity takes up and transforms the concept of the pathic dimension of experience that emerges from the rich tradition of existential-phenomenological psychiatry and the thematisation of contact it entails. Explicitly foregrounding the link made within that tradition between aesthetics and existence, this article considers the origins of Guattari’s conception of pathic subjectivation in his work on Proust, the experimental understanding of the semiotic transformations of sensory experience it entails and the practical role it plays in catalysing the creative emergence of new modes of (embodied) existence.
本文结合费利克斯·瓜塔里(Félix Guattari)对病态主观主义的描述,探讨了他对主体性产生的思考如何接受和转变从存在主义现象学精神病学的丰富传统中产生的经验的病态维度的概念,以及它所带来的接触的主题化。本文明确地强调了美学与存在之间的传统联系,认为了Guattari在其关于普鲁斯特的作品中的病态主观主义概念的起源,对它所带来的感官体验的符号转换的实验性理解,以及它在催化新的(具体的)存在模式的创造性出现中所起的实际作用。
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引用次数: 0
Images Made by Contagion: On Dermatological Wax Moulages 传染病造成的图像——论皮肤病蜡像
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-17 DOI: 10.1177/1357034X211036488
Mechthild Fend
Moulages are contact media – images made by contagion in the most literal sense: their production relies on a process in which the object to be reproduced is touched by the reproducing material. In the case of dermatological moulages, the plaster touches the infected skin of the sick and, once dried, serves as the negative form for the waxen image of a disease. Focussing on the collection of the Hôpital Saint-Louis in Paris, the article situates the production of dermatological moulages within the visual culture of 19th-century medicine and raises the question how an ancient technique of image production could become such a prevalent tool for the documentation of skin diseases during a period usually associated with the rise of scientific medicine and a reconsideration of theories of contagion in medical aetiology.
模印是接触媒介——最字面意义上的传染图像:它们的生产依赖于一个过程,在这个过程中,被复制的对象被复制的材料触摸。在皮肤病学的模塑中,石膏接触到病人被感染的皮肤,一旦干燥,就成为疾病蜡像的阴性形式。本文以巴黎Hôpital圣路易博物馆的收藏为重点,将19世纪医学视觉文化中的皮肤学蜡像制作置于这一位置,并提出了一个问题:在一个通常与科学医学的兴起和医学病因学中传染病理论的重新考虑有关的时期,一种古老的图像制作技术如何成为记录皮肤病的普遍工具。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Multiplicity of Embodied Agency in Colombian Assisted Reproduction 哥伦比亚辅助生殖中体现机构多样性的探索
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/1357034X211049474
M. Shaw
Analyses of assisted reproductive technologies have demonstrated how objectification and agency can coexist in infertility centres. How objectification creates opportunities for empowerment, however, has not yet been explored. In analysing women’s narratives of assisted conception in Colombian infertility clinics, I demonstrate the complexity in women’s embodied experiences of various objectifying stages of assisted conception and argue that their experiences produced multiple forms of embodied agency. Women used diagnostic procedures to learn about their bodies and infertility complications, which augmented their authority over their bodies and treatment. They drew upon their embodied knowledge to reduce treatment anxieties, while sensations such as pain were made purposeful, and hence meaningful, as women strove to reconfigure the significance of the embodied sensations of conception in a context of medicalized reproduction. In these narratives, we see that lived bodies are productive agents of social change, generating meanings and working to reshape dominant social understandings.
对辅助生殖技术的分析表明,在不孕不育中心,物化和代理是如何共存的。然而,物化如何创造赋予权力的机会尚未被探索。在分析哥伦比亚不孕不育诊所的女性对辅助受孕的叙述时,我展示了女性在辅助受孕的不同客观化阶段的具体化经历的复杂性,并认为她们的经历产生了多种形式的具体化代理。妇女使用诊断程序来了解她们的身体和不孕症并发症,这增加了她们对自己的身体和治疗的权威。她们利用自己的身体知识来减少治疗焦虑,而疼痛等感觉则是有目的的,因此是有意义的,因为女性努力在医疗化生殖的背景下重新配置受孕的身体感觉的重要性。在这些叙述中,我们看到,活生生的身体是社会变革的生产性媒介,产生意义,并努力重塑主流的社会理解。
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引用次数: 2
Affect Theory and Breast Cancer Memoirs: Rescripting Fears of Death and Dying in the Anthropocene 情感理论与癌症回忆录:人类世对死亡和死亡的恐惧
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/1357034X211056064
J. Hamilton
Re-evaluating dominant cultural narratives around dying and death is central to new critiques of individualism and human exceptionalism. As conceptual tools for theorizing the end of the individual proliferate, the affective dimensions of this project are often overlooked, especially as they pertain to individual subjects. In contrast, a significant number of iconic queer and feminist thinkers have suffered breast cancer and written memoirs representing the subjective experience of confronting mortality. This article identifies the affective orientations towards one’s own mortality as missing from queer and feminist thinking on embodiment in the Anthropocene. As a remedy, the article reads several iconic feminist breast cancer memoirs – Sontag, Lorde, Sedgwick, Jain and Boyer – for their complex representations of affect, in particular fear, in relation to dying and death. Using the affect theory of Silvan Tomkins, this analysis contributes to critiques of cancer culture in medical humanities and of mortality and embodiment in feminist environmental humanities.
重新评估围绕死亡和死亡的主流文化叙事是对个人主义和人类例外论的新批评的核心。随着理论化个体终结的概念工具的激增,这个项目的情感层面经常被忽视,尤其是当它们与个体主体有关时。相比之下,相当多的标志性酷儿和女权主义思想家患有癌症,并写了回忆录,代表了面对死亡的主观体验。本文认为,在人类世的酷儿和女权主义化身思想中,对自己死亡的情感取向是缺失的。作为一种补救措施,这篇文章阅读了几本标志性的女权主义癌症回忆录——桑塔格、洛德、塞奇威克、贾恩和博伊尔——因为它们对情感的复杂表现,尤其是与死亡和死亡有关的恐惧。本文运用席尔凡·汤姆金斯的情感理论,对癌症文化在医学人文学科中的批判,以及女性主义环境人文学科中死亡与具体化的批判作出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Women’s Bodies and the Evolution of Anti-rape Technologies: From the Hoop Skirt to the Smart Frock 女性身体与反强奸技术的演变:从Hoop裙到Smart Frock
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/1357034X211058782
Caroline Wilson-Barnao, A. Bevan, R. Lincoln
In this article, we explore smart deterrents and their historical precedents marketed to women and girls for the purpose of preventing harassment, sexual abuse and violence. Rape deterrents, as we define them, encompass customs, architectures, fashions, surveillant infrastructures, apps and devices conceived to manage and protect the body. Online searches reveal an array of technologies, and we engage with their prevention narratives and cultural construction discourses of the gendered body. Our critical analysis places recent rape deterrents in conversation with earlier technologies to untangle the persistent logics. These are articulated with reference to the ways that proto-digital technologies have been imported into the realm of ubiquitous computing and networks. Our conceptual framework offers novel pathways for discussing feminine bodies and their messy navigation of everyday life that include both threats to corporeal safety and collective imaginings of empowerment.
在这篇文章中,我们探讨了智能威慑及其历史先例,这些智能威慑是为了防止骚扰、性虐待和暴力而向妇女和女孩推销的。根据我们的定义,强奸威慑包括习俗、建筑、时尚、监控基础设施、应用程序和旨在管理和保护身体的设备。在线搜索揭示了一系列技术,我们参与了它们的预防叙事和性别化身体的文化建构话语。我们的批判性分析将最近的强奸威慑与早期的技术对话,以解开持久的逻辑。这些都与原始数字技术被引入无处不在的计算和网络领域的方式有关。我们的概念框架为讨论女性的身体和她们在日常生活中的混乱导航提供了新的途径,包括对身体安全的威胁和对赋权的集体想象。
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引用次数: 3
Governing Corporeal Movement in India during the COVID-19 Pandemic 新冠肺炎大流行期间印度的管理机构运动
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.1177/1357034X211036490
P. Holwitt
This article explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the relationship between bodies, risk and mobility. Drawing upon ethnographic data from India, it is argued that measures taken by the Indian government to contain the spread of the pandemic link mobile bodies to the notion of risk which has profound consequences for the way in which people access and engage with public spaces in Indian cities. In this process, a new type of body – the risky mobile body – is produced. At the same time, these measures run into problems due to the volatile nature of knowledge about bodies and diseases that they rely on. While the mobility of the COVID-19 virus is a subject of public debate, the fluidity and open-endedness of mobile bodies makes them difficult to regulate. This mismatch between governmental logics and unknowable bodies constitutes a significant challenge for the fight against the pandemic.
本文探讨了新冠肺炎大流行对身体、风险和流动之间关系的影响。根据印度的人种学数据,有人认为,印度政府为遏制大流行病的传播而采取的措施将流动机构与风险概念联系起来,这对人们进入和参与印度城市公共空间的方式产生了深远的影响。在这一过程中,产生了一种新型的机体——危险移动机体。同时,由于这些措施所依赖的关于身体和疾病的知识的不稳定性,这些措施遇到了问题。虽然COVID-19病毒的流动性是公众辩论的主题,但流动机构的流动性和开放性使其难以监管。政府的逻辑与不可知的机构之间的这种不匹配构成了防治这一流行病的重大挑战。
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引用次数: 4
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