Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1177/14614456231171093
Annerose Willemsen, J. Cromdal, Mathias Broth
This paper presents an analysis of how the particular categories of children and youth are used within the instructional work of learning to drive. Using Membership Categorisation Analysis (MCA) and multimodal Conversation Analysis (CA) of a collection of cases drawn from 85 video-recorded driving lessons, we demonstrate how the participants treat children and youth as a category of traffic users whose main category predicate appears to be their expected unpredictability and carelessness, placing particularly high demands on drivers’ awareness and caution. This is evident in in-event and post-event interactions about traffic encounters with children and youth, as well as in traffic contexts where they have not (yet) been spotted but their sudden appearance is anticipated. The results suggest that the institutional constructions of children and youth as a potential source of trouble prepare trainee drivers for unforeseen events and contingencies and shape their social stock of knowledge as future motorists.
{"title":"Expecting the unpredictable: Categorisation of children and youth during driver training","authors":"Annerose Willemsen, J. Cromdal, Mathias Broth","doi":"10.1177/14614456231171093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614456231171093","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analysis of how the particular categories of children and youth are used within the instructional work of learning to drive. Using Membership Categorisation Analysis (MCA) and multimodal Conversation Analysis (CA) of a collection of cases drawn from 85 video-recorded driving lessons, we demonstrate how the participants treat children and youth as a category of traffic users whose main category predicate appears to be their expected unpredictability and carelessness, placing particularly high demands on drivers’ awareness and caution. This is evident in in-event and post-event interactions about traffic encounters with children and youth, as well as in traffic contexts where they have not (yet) been spotted but their sudden appearance is anticipated. The results suggest that the institutional constructions of children and youth as a potential source of trouble prepare trainee drivers for unforeseen events and contingencies and shape their social stock of knowledge as future motorists.","PeriodicalId":47598,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45852950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.1177/14614456231167734
Eila Salomaa, Esa Lehtinen
Unlike traditional note-taking with pen and paper, in which the note-taking process is only partially accessible to the co-participants, note-taking in the digitalized workplace may be done publicly, so that both the content of notes and the process of writing them are observable to the co-participants. Using multimodally oriented conversation analysis, this study focused on public note-taking in interaction sequences where the facilitator of a workplace project records the results of a workshop discussion on a digital platform. The analysis revealed that while the facilitator was entitled to decide which portions of talk are recorded, the affordances of digital technology, its publicness in particular, enabled the co-participants to monitor the writing process, possibly leading to the editing of notes. The results show that even when note-taking is publicly performed, it is oriented to as an informal form of writing.
{"title":"Public note-taking on a digital platform as a workplace practice","authors":"Eila Salomaa, Esa Lehtinen","doi":"10.1177/14614456231167734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614456231167734","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike traditional note-taking with pen and paper, in which the note-taking process is only partially accessible to the co-participants, note-taking in the digitalized workplace may be done publicly, so that both the content of notes and the process of writing them are observable to the co-participants. Using multimodally oriented conversation analysis, this study focused on public note-taking in interaction sequences where the facilitator of a workplace project records the results of a workshop discussion on a digital platform. The analysis revealed that while the facilitator was entitled to decide which portions of talk are recorded, the affordances of digital technology, its publicness in particular, enabled the co-participants to monitor the writing process, possibly leading to the editing of notes. The results show that even when note-taking is publicly performed, it is oriented to as an informal form of writing.","PeriodicalId":47598,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43976981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.1177/14614456231159026
Marissa Caldwell, Joshua Raclaw
Using conversation analysis, this article examines how questioners manage resistant responses in the context of U.S. Senate hearings. In particular, we examine how questioning Senators use explicit metacommentary – a turn constructional practice in which speakers offer ‘on-record’ comments on the manner in which a prior turn was formulated – to manage a recipient’s resistant responses to polar questions. Within these contexts, metacommentary becomes a resource for highlighting the preference organization of the original question and challenging the adequacy of the recipient’s response. The analysis shows how metacommentary not only serves to guide a question recipient toward producing an adequate response, but additionally works to register the questioning Senator’s stance toward the inadequacy of the response while highlighting this inadequacy for both the co-present audience and viewers of these publicly televised hearings.
{"title":"‘I just need a yes or no’: Managing resistant responses in U.S. Senate hearings","authors":"Marissa Caldwell, Joshua Raclaw","doi":"10.1177/14614456231159026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614456231159026","url":null,"abstract":"Using conversation analysis, this article examines how questioners manage resistant responses in the context of U.S. Senate hearings. In particular, we examine how questioning Senators use explicit metacommentary – a turn constructional practice in which speakers offer ‘on-record’ comments on the manner in which a prior turn was formulated – to manage a recipient’s resistant responses to polar questions. Within these contexts, metacommentary becomes a resource for highlighting the preference organization of the original question and challenging the adequacy of the recipient’s response. The analysis shows how metacommentary not only serves to guide a question recipient toward producing an adequate response, but additionally works to register the questioning Senator’s stance toward the inadequacy of the response while highlighting this inadequacy for both the co-present audience and viewers of these publicly televised hearings.","PeriodicalId":47598,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":"618 - 640"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44847753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.1177/14614456231166221
Salla Kangas
socio-semioticians in creating, witnessing, describing, labelling, supporting or opposing, and legitimating and negotiating semiotic practices (p. 264). In summary, this volume conducts a systemic analysis of the pandemic’s effects on communicative patterns, functions, strategies, technologies, meanings and purposes across political, economic and social dimensions, which are likely to be continued because of the possibility of the continuation of the pandemic. It provides readers with an opportunity to consider and prepare for issues involving multimodal communication that will likely arise in similar situations to come (p. 11). Despite these strengths, the volume has room for minor improvement. As far as research methods are concerned, this volume has confined itself to the case study of a country. It cannot be denied that this can be an important path for introducing how discourses, modes and media pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic affected daily lives of people in a certain country in terms of the various meanings they carry. However, adding a contrastive perspective by analysing discourses in different countries would have helped to reveal the similarities and differences of multimodal meaning building mechanisms in different regions, and the characteristics of the narrative mode and discourse strategy of the mainstream media of a country in reporting news about the coronavirus and the pandemic in other countries. Overall, this volume provides an enlightening and innovative perspective for multimodal discourse research. The research is based on a linguistic-theory-motivated and interdisciplinary model, which can not only guide the innovation of multimodal discourse research, but also promote the coordinated development of humanities and social sciences and other sciences. It is highly recommended for any reader interested in the field of multimodal discourse analysis or other fields whose work focuses on the use of multimodal discourse for communication and meaning making.
{"title":"Book Review: Ruth Page, David Barton, Carmen Lee, Johann Wolfgang Unger, and Michele Zappavigna, Researching Language and Social Media: A Student Guide","authors":"Salla Kangas","doi":"10.1177/14614456231166221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614456231166221","url":null,"abstract":"socio-semioticians in creating, witnessing, describing, labelling, supporting or opposing, and legitimating and negotiating semiotic practices (p. 264). In summary, this volume conducts a systemic analysis of the pandemic’s effects on communicative patterns, functions, strategies, technologies, meanings and purposes across political, economic and social dimensions, which are likely to be continued because of the possibility of the continuation of the pandemic. It provides readers with an opportunity to consider and prepare for issues involving multimodal communication that will likely arise in similar situations to come (p. 11). Despite these strengths, the volume has room for minor improvement. As far as research methods are concerned, this volume has confined itself to the case study of a country. It cannot be denied that this can be an important path for introducing how discourses, modes and media pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic affected daily lives of people in a certain country in terms of the various meanings they carry. However, adding a contrastive perspective by analysing discourses in different countries would have helped to reveal the similarities and differences of multimodal meaning building mechanisms in different regions, and the characteristics of the narrative mode and discourse strategy of the mainstream media of a country in reporting news about the coronavirus and the pandemic in other countries. Overall, this volume provides an enlightening and innovative perspective for multimodal discourse research. The research is based on a linguistic-theory-motivated and interdisciplinary model, which can not only guide the innovation of multimodal discourse research, but also promote the coordinated development of humanities and social sciences and other sciences. It is highly recommended for any reader interested in the field of multimodal discourse analysis or other fields whose work focuses on the use of multimodal discourse for communication and meaning making.","PeriodicalId":47598,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":"720 - 722"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48335839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.1177/14614456231163420
Peng Wu, Tian-bao Zhou
Within the theoretical framework of Pragma-Dialectics, this research investigates prototypical argumentative patterns based on pragmatic argumentation that manifest themselves in the spokespersons’ argumentative replies at the regular press conferences of China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. As is shown by the research results, constrained by the institutional point of the communicative activity type (justifying China’s attitude and actions regarding controversial issues) and its institutional preconditions, argumentative patterns based on pragmatic argumentation prototypically occur in three variants, viz. the ‘solvency type’, the ‘maintenance type’, and the ‘counter-plan type’; it can be observed that in complex pragmatic argumentation each of these three variants may also occur in combination with other variants.
{"title":"Argumentative patterns based on pragmatic argumentation at China’s diplomatic press conferences","authors":"Peng Wu, Tian-bao Zhou","doi":"10.1177/14614456231163420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614456231163420","url":null,"abstract":"Within the theoretical framework of Pragma-Dialectics, this research investigates prototypical argumentative patterns based on pragmatic argumentation that manifest themselves in the spokespersons’ argumentative replies at the regular press conferences of China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. As is shown by the research results, constrained by the institutional point of the communicative activity type (justifying China’s attitude and actions regarding controversial issues) and its institutional preconditions, argumentative patterns based on pragmatic argumentation prototypically occur in three variants, viz. the ‘solvency type’, the ‘maintenance type’, and the ‘counter-plan type’; it can be observed that in complex pragmatic argumentation each of these three variants may also occur in combination with other variants.","PeriodicalId":47598,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":"549 - 569"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44884140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1177/14614456231166233
Jie Guo
{"title":"Book Review: Sabine Tan and Marissa K. L. E (eds), Discourse, Modes, Media and Meaning in an Era of Pandemic: A Multimodal Discourse Analysis Approach","authors":"Jie Guo","doi":"10.1177/14614456231166233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614456231166233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47598,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47721882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1177/14614456231166232
Li Wang
However, the authors avoid underestimating their readers and instead highlight that researchers have the autonomy and responsibility to make decisions about their research projects. Another merit of the book is the large number of examples of different studies to demonstrate the range of possibilities of linguistic research on social media. Each chapter features detailed case studies contributed by linguists who have conducted social media research using various methods. One particularly fascinating example is Ashraf Abdullah’s illustrative description of his study on Second Life, which combines participant observation and corpus methods (p. 53). The authors also draw upon their own experiences in the field. The examples and case studies cover a wide range of research, including studies on multiple languages and utilizing various data collection and analysis methods. This breadth and diversity of examples serve to illustrate the potential of linguistic social media research comprehensively and make research work more transparent for students. While the chapters on methodological frameworks are well-written, their focus on topics that are not directly related to social media research can make these sections feel disconnected from the overall theme of the book. It may have improved the coherence of the book if these chapters were more closely tied to the topic of social media. Additionally, readers may question whether the authors could have included a more extensive introduction to internet linguistics if the book had placed less emphasis on these fundamental topics, which are already covered in many existing guides. Overall, this book is a valuable contribution to research guides for linguistic studies of social media. It is particularly useful for students who are interested in using social media as a research topic, especially those who are interested in discourse studies, ethnography, and corpus linguistics. While advanced researchers may find most of the content too introductory, Chapter 4 provides valuable insights for anyone considering using social media data in their research.
{"title":"Book Review: Feng (Kevin) Jiang, Metadiscursive Nouns: Interaction and Persuasion in Disciplinary Writing","authors":"Li Wang","doi":"10.1177/14614456231166232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614456231166232","url":null,"abstract":"However, the authors avoid underestimating their readers and instead highlight that researchers have the autonomy and responsibility to make decisions about their research projects. Another merit of the book is the large number of examples of different studies to demonstrate the range of possibilities of linguistic research on social media. Each chapter features detailed case studies contributed by linguists who have conducted social media research using various methods. One particularly fascinating example is Ashraf Abdullah’s illustrative description of his study on Second Life, which combines participant observation and corpus methods (p. 53). The authors also draw upon their own experiences in the field. The examples and case studies cover a wide range of research, including studies on multiple languages and utilizing various data collection and analysis methods. This breadth and diversity of examples serve to illustrate the potential of linguistic social media research comprehensively and make research work more transparent for students. While the chapters on methodological frameworks are well-written, their focus on topics that are not directly related to social media research can make these sections feel disconnected from the overall theme of the book. It may have improved the coherence of the book if these chapters were more closely tied to the topic of social media. Additionally, readers may question whether the authors could have included a more extensive introduction to internet linguistics if the book had placed less emphasis on these fundamental topics, which are already covered in many existing guides. Overall, this book is a valuable contribution to research guides for linguistic studies of social media. It is particularly useful for students who are interested in using social media as a research topic, especially those who are interested in discourse studies, ethnography, and corpus linguistics. While advanced researchers may find most of the content too introductory, Chapter 4 provides valuable insights for anyone considering using social media data in their research.","PeriodicalId":47598,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":"722 - 724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46798701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.1177/14614456231163095
E. Brambilla
Faced with the gradual rise of neofascist parties in Europe, the present paper looks back at the past to analyse a speech delivered by one of the founding fathers of the European Union, namely Alcide De Gasperi. The investigation is part of a broader project on the analysis of Italian antifascist discourse. The speech that De Gasperi delivered at the 1946 Paris Peace Conference is reconstructed with the help of the pragma-dialectical model of a critical discussion, focusing on the passages in which the speaker dealt with Italy’s non-fascist identity and its wrong perception by the audience. Emphasis is laid on the argumentative pattern underlying De Gasperi’s discourse and the argumentative style characterising his address. Moreover, reference is made to the notion of argumentative equivalence to examine the translation of De Gasperi’s speech into English; published in the New York Times the day after he delivered his address, it cast a shadow over the impartiality of the drafters of the English version of the speech, which nevertheless managed to go down to history as an argumentative classic.
{"title":"On the defence of antifascist Italy in Alcide De Gasperi’s 1946 speech to the Paris Peace Conference","authors":"E. Brambilla","doi":"10.1177/14614456231163095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614456231163095","url":null,"abstract":"Faced with the gradual rise of neofascist parties in Europe, the present paper looks back at the past to analyse a speech delivered by one of the founding fathers of the European Union, namely Alcide De Gasperi. The investigation is part of a broader project on the analysis of Italian antifascist discourse. The speech that De Gasperi delivered at the 1946 Paris Peace Conference is reconstructed with the help of the pragma-dialectical model of a critical discussion, focusing on the passages in which the speaker dealt with Italy’s non-fascist identity and its wrong perception by the audience. Emphasis is laid on the argumentative pattern underlying De Gasperi’s discourse and the argumentative style characterising his address. Moreover, reference is made to the notion of argumentative equivalence to examine the translation of De Gasperi’s speech into English; published in the New York Times the day after he delivered his address, it cast a shadow over the impartiality of the drafters of the English version of the speech, which nevertheless managed to go down to history as an argumentative classic.","PeriodicalId":47598,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":"473 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48160285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.1177/14614456231163422
S. Greco, Chiara Mercuri, Barbara de Cock, Rebecca G. Schär
Examining a multilingual dataset of Twitter and Instagram messages posted by a variety of actors (NGOs and individual activists, small brands, and others) during the 2020 and 2021 Fashion Revolution Week campaigns for a more sustainable fashion system, we analyze frequently occurring discursive representations and self-representations that include individual mentions of persons or small brands. We show that individual mentions are mostly proposed in the tweets and Instagram messages posted by small brands and that they count as argumentation from example. Arguments based on a locus from example are part of two simultaneous argumentative patterns, responding to different issues and using two different maxims, respectively based on induction and from a principle ‘from truth to possibility’; in the latter case, brands represent themselves as best practice cases, showing that a more sustainable fashion system is possible because it is already happening. Our findings contribute to explaining how the activity type of digital activism successfully integrates multiple goals of different actors (citizens, NGOs, brands) in the campaigning by offering the possibility of simultaneous argumentation.
{"title":"Arguing through best practice: The role of argumentation from example in activists’ social media posts on sustainable fashion","authors":"S. Greco, Chiara Mercuri, Barbara de Cock, Rebecca G. Schär","doi":"10.1177/14614456231163422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614456231163422","url":null,"abstract":"Examining a multilingual dataset of Twitter and Instagram messages posted by a variety of actors (NGOs and individual activists, small brands, and others) during the 2020 and 2021 Fashion Revolution Week campaigns for a more sustainable fashion system, we analyze frequently occurring discursive representations and self-representations that include individual mentions of persons or small brands. We show that individual mentions are mostly proposed in the tweets and Instagram messages posted by small brands and that they count as argumentation from example. Arguments based on a locus from example are part of two simultaneous argumentative patterns, responding to different issues and using two different maxims, respectively based on induction and from a principle ‘from truth to possibility’; in the latter case, brands represent themselves as best practice cases, showing that a more sustainable fashion system is possible because it is already happening. Our findings contribute to explaining how the activity type of digital activism successfully integrates multiple goals of different actors (citizens, NGOs, brands) in the campaigning by offering the possibility of simultaneous argumentation.","PeriodicalId":47598,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":"530 - 548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42746640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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