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Constructing mediator identities through questioning in Chinese televised mediation 从质疑建构中国电视调解中的调解员身份
IF 1.8 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1177/14614456221139202
Xian Zhang, Yanbiao Dong
This study, integrating poststructuralist discourse analysis and conversation analysis, analyzes how the question-answer sequences construct mediators’ dynamic identities during Chinese televised mediation. The research shows that different mediators in the team tend to employ different types of questions at varying stages; that questions serve not only to elicit information but also to manage the multilateral talk, to make assertions, to persuade, and to construct different identities; that different mediators’ identities include the manager, the reality tester, the moral educator, the facilitator, and the entertainer. Instead of remaining neutral, they might step out of the neutralistic circle and adhere to the golden mean. The complex representation of these identities is deeply rooted in China’s cultural and socioeconomic background. This study provides a thorough understanding of the interplay between questioning and identity in institutional contexts and the mechanism of Chinese televised mediation.
本研究将后结构主义话语分析与会话分析相结合,分析了在中国电视调解过程中,问答序列如何构建调解员的动态身份。研究表明,团队中不同的调解员在不同阶段倾向于使用不同类型的问题;问题不仅有助于获取信息,而且有助于管理多边对话、做出断言、说服和构建不同的身份;不同媒介的身份包括管理者、现实测试者、道德教育者、促进者和娱乐者。与其保持中立,他们可能会走出中立的圈子,坚持中庸。这些身份的复杂表现深深植根于中国的文化和社会经济背景。本研究深入了解了制度背景下质疑和身份认同之间的相互作用,以及中国电视调解的机制。
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引用次数: 0
Asking for help without asking for help: How victims request and police offer assistance in cases of domestic violence when perpetrators are potentially co-present 在没有请求帮助的情况下寻求帮助:在家庭暴力案件中,当犯罪者可能共同在场时,受害者如何请求和警察提供援助
IF 1.8 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1177/14614456231157293
E. Stokoe, E. Richardson
Requesting police assistance can be especially challenging in cases of domestic violence, since perpetrators may be able to overhear victims’ telephone calls. This means that callers may not be able to make direct requests for help. Simultaneously, a routine task for police call-takers is to categorize incoming calls as genuine rather than, say, accidental or nuisance. We collected and transcribed 192 audio-recorded calls to a UK police service, which included interactions between callers and call-takers as well as between national operators and local call-takers. The latter provided access to the professional parties’ pre-transfer discussion and interpretation of what kind of trouble might be occurring in silent and otherwise ambiguous calls. Using conversation analysis, we found that, as well as unambiguous requests for help (e.g. ‘I need you to come because of assault by my partner’), callers formulated apparently inapposite turns (‘hiya, you all right?’) and used non-lexical resources (e.g. breaths) to build actions which also mobilized assistance. Professional call-takers’ discussions included domestic violence-implicative interpretations (e.g. ‘I heard a woman shout’). Parties collaboratively leveraged the affordances of turn design and sequence to request and offer help without revealing to potentially overhearing parties that callers were talking to the police. Our findings have implications for understanding how actions like requesting are accomplished in social interaction, as well as for training call-takers to recognize and act on communicative ambiguities in cases of domestic violence. Data are in British English.
在家庭暴力案件中,请求警方援助可能特别具有挑战性,因为施暴者可能会偷听到受害者的电话。这意味着呼叫者可能无法直接请求帮助。同时,警方接电话者的一项常规任务是将来电归类为真实来电,而不是意外或令人讨厌的来电。我们收集并转录了192个给英国警察局的录音电话,其中包括来电者和接电话者之间的互动,以及国家运营商和当地接电话者的互动。后者提供了专业各方在移交前进行讨论的机会,并解释了在无声和其他模棱两可的电话中可能会发生什么样的麻烦。通过对话分析,我们发现,除了明确的求助请求(例如,“我需要你来,因为我的伴侣袭击了我”)外,来电者还制定了明显不合适的转向(“你好,你还好吗?”),并使用非词汇资源(如呼吸)来建立行动,这也调动了援助。专业电话接线员的讨论包括对家庭暴力的暗示解释(例如“我听到一个女人大喊大叫”)。各方合作利用回合设计和顺序的可供性来请求和提供帮助,而不会向可能无意中听到的各方透露来电者正在与警方交谈。我们的研究结果有助于理解请求等行为是如何在社交互动中完成的,也有助于培训打电话的人在家庭暴力案件中识别和处理交际歧义。数据采用英国英语。
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引用次数: 1
Analyzing frame analysis: A critical review of framing studies in social movement research 分析框架分析:对社会运动研究中框架研究的批判性回顾
IF 1.8 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1177/14614456231155080
Teun A. van Dijk
This critical review of more than three decades of studies of frames and framing in Social Movement (SM) research first offers a brief history of the notion of ‘frame’ in various disciplines, and then discusses empirical studies of frame alignment, frame disputes, frame resonance and master frames, among other notions. It is found that the very notion of discursive of cognitive frames remains very vague in these studies, and what are actually studied are for instance, beliefs, attitudes, goals, ideologies or values, especially how they are expressed in discourse. Also studies of relations between frames and culture, identity and discourse show that the notions of frames and framing are theoretically and methodologically unsatisfactory in empirical studies. It is concluded that the methods of the cultural paradigm of SM research may take advantage of the advances of more explicit methods in the study of language, discourse, interaction and cognition.
本文对社会运动(SM)研究中关于框架和框架的三十多年研究进行了批判性回顾,首先提供了不同学科中“框架”概念的简要历史,然后讨论了框架对齐、框架争议、框架共振和主框架等概念的实证研究。研究发现,在这些研究中,认知框架的话语概念仍然非常模糊,实际上研究的是信仰、态度、目标、意识形态或价值观,特别是它们如何在话语中表达。此外,对框架与文化、身份和话语之间关系的研究表明,在实证研究中,框架和框架的概念在理论上和方法上都不令人满意。本文认为,SM研究的文化范式方法可以借鉴语言、话语、互动和认知等更明确的研究方法。
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引用次数: 10
What’s really in a frame? The case of public marriage proposals 画框里到底有什么?公开求婚的例子
IF 1.8 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1177/14614456231154720
A. Abdel-Raheem
Using a small corpus of marriage proposal stories authored by British citizens, this paper aims to identify and make explicit seven defining parameters of frames (namely, default elements, default scenario, default context, default inference, default form, default argument, and instantiations) and explain and exemplify each.
本文利用英国公民撰写的一小部分求婚故事语料库,旨在识别和明确框架的七个定义参数(即默认元素、默认场景、默认上下文、默认推理、默认形式、默认论证和实例化),并对每个框架进行解释和举例。
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引用次数: 0
‘Pregnancy no bi disease’: Contextual beliefs in antenatal classes in selected Nigerian hospitals “妊娠无双病”:尼日利亚选定医院产前课程中的情境信念
IF 1.8 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1177/14614456231160239
E. Olajimbiti
This paper examines how language is used to show shared beliefs between caregivers and pregnant women in antenatal classes in the Nigerian context, which hitherto suffers neglect. The data consist of tape recordings and observational notes taken during antenatal classes in selected hospitals in Lokoja, Nigeria. The study adopted a top-down analytic approach using Odebunmi’s model of contextual beliefs, supported by van Dijk’s epistemic context model, and Fetzer and Fischer’s lexical markers model. The analysis shows three categories of shared knowledge: a. state of pregnancy and postnatal care b. sexual relationships and spice lexemes c. traditional child care and superstitions. Shared knowledge of the state of pregnancy and postnatal care manifests in pregnancy misconceptions, nutrition during pregnancy and postnatal care orientations highlighted by lexical markers such as recoverable knowledge connector and joint attention builder. Shared knowledge of sexual relations and spice lexemes reflect sexual communication and native spices using metaphorization and proximal deictic lexical markers. Grandmothers’ involvement and insistence on using traditional methods and superstitions frame shared knowledge of traditional child care and superstitions through belief affirmative and self-reformulation markers. Analysis of the shared beliefs shows how caregivers represent pregnant women’s mental knowledge in interactions as well as how pregnant women interject beliefs for clarification and validity. This way, both participants demonstrate how contextual beliefs facilitate communicative processes and meaningful understanding in their interactions.
本文研究了在尼日利亚的产前课堂上,语言是如何被用来展示照顾者和孕妇之间的共同信念的,而尼日利亚迄今为止一直被忽视。这些数据包括在尼日利亚洛科贾选定的医院进行产前培训时的录音和观察笔记。该研究采用了自上而下的分析方法,使用了Odebunmi的上下文信念模型,并得到了van Dijk的认知上下文模型以及Fetzer和Fischer的词汇标记模型的支持。分析显示了三类共享知识:a.怀孕和产后护理状况b.性关系和香料词汇c.传统的育儿和迷信。关于妊娠状态和产后护理的共同知识表现在妊娠误解、妊娠期营养和产后护理取向上,这些都是词汇标记,如可恢复的知识连接符和联合注意力构建器。性关系和香料词汇的共同知识反映了性交流和使用隐喻和近指示性词汇标记的本土香料。祖母们的参与和坚持使用传统方法和迷信,通过信仰肯定和自我重新表述标记,形成了对传统儿童保育和迷信的共同知识。对共同信念的分析表明,照顾者如何在互动中代表孕妇的心理知识,以及孕妇如何插入信念以获得澄清和有效性。通过这种方式,两位参与者都展示了情境信念如何在互动中促进沟通过程和有意义的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Category relations and norms of feelings in children’s performances of a boyfriend-girlfriend culture 男女朋友文化儿童表演中的范畴关系与情感规范
IF 1.8 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1177/14614456231158510
Fredrik Andréasson, Ann-Carita Evaldsson
This study explores how preteen children in everyday interaction mobilize relationship categories to negotiate what counts as appropriate romantic feelings among peers. The analysis draws on ethnomethodological work on membership categorization and conversation analysis, integrated with ethnographic knowledge of children’s social life. Particular attention is on how children make claims of and resist membership in a particular relationship category (that of boyfriend-girlfriend). The sequential analysis shows how category-based claims of ‘liking someone’ and ‘being together,’ indexing a boyfriend-girlfriend relationship, are responded to with resistance and denials. Categorical claims are also turned into public performances of relational pairing invoking the normative character of romantic matchmaking. The findings suggest that norms of feelings play a central role in preteen children’s emotional behavior, and serve as important cultural resources for children to address their emergent concerns regarding peer group relationships.
这项研究探讨了学龄前儿童在日常互动中如何调动关系类别,在同龄人之间协商什么是合适的浪漫感觉。该分析借鉴了关于成员分类和对话分析的民族方法论工作,并结合了儿童社会生活的民族志知识。特别关注的是孩子们如何声称和抵制某一特定关系类别(男朋友和女朋友)的成员资格。序列分析显示,基于类别的“喜欢某人”和“在一起”的说法,即男女朋友关系,是如何被抵制和否认的。范畴性的主张也被转化为关系配对的公开表演,援引了浪漫配对的规范特征。研究结果表明,情感规范在学龄前儿童的情绪行为中发挥着核心作用,并成为儿童解决其对同伴群体关系的紧急担忧的重要文化资源。
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引用次数: 0
Where does the true value of a frame analysis approach lie? A Reply to van Dijk 框架分析方法的真正价值在哪里?对范戴克的回复
IF 1.8 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.1177/14614456231155088
T. Skillington
This paper addresses arguments raised by van Dijk in his critical appraisal of framing approaches to social movement research. In particular, the claim that frame analysis does not give sufficient attention to the intricate details of the interpretive process. In making this argument, van Dijk leans heavily on Goffman’s first category of frames (as individual acts of interpretation) at the expense of his second (relating more to inter-subjectively shared classes of schemata) used reflexively, for instance, by movements to embed a message of protest in wider value systems in the hope that it resonates sufficiently with the grounded experiences, grievances, beliefs, and cultural orientations of publics. This paper highlights how social movement frame research accounts for both categories of frames to illustrate how movements communicate across multiple levels of social interaction to maximize the societal impact of their message. When interpreted in these broader terms, the ‘how’ of interpretation, it will argue, is explained effectively by this research, contrary to van Dijk’s claim.
本文讨论了van Dijk在他对社会运动研究框架方法的批判性评价中提出的论点。特别是,框架分析没有对解释过程的复杂细节给予足够的关注。在提出这一论点时,范戴克严重依赖于戈夫曼的第一类框架(作为个人的解释行为),而牺牲了他的第二类框架(更多地涉及主体间共享的图式类别),例如,通过运动将抗议信息嵌入更广泛的价值体系,希望它能与公众的基础经验、不满、信仰和文化取向充分共鸣。本文强调了社会运动框架研究如何解释这两类框架,以说明运动如何在多层次的社会互动中进行交流,以最大限度地发挥其信息的社会影响。当在这些更广泛的术语中解释时,它会争辩说,这个研究有效地解释了解释的“如何”,与van Dijk的说法相反。
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引用次数: 0
Framing and social movements 框架和社会运动
IF 1.8 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.1177/14614456231154734
M. Caiani
This article explores the notion and method of discourse and frame analysis in social movement studies. Different cases of frame analysis applied to various types of social movements and contentious politics in Europe are used to illustrate the argument. As stressed in the introduction to this special issue, although the concept of frame and framing is used in several disciplines and approaches in the cognitive, language and social sciences, research on social movements still presents some gaps. One is the prevalent application of frame analysis approach to progressive left wing movements, leaving aside actors on the Right. A second weakness is the scarcity of empirical research combining the micro (i.e. activists) and meso (i.e. organizations) level of framing and exploring dynamics of frame ‘(dis-)alignment’. Third, there is mainly a focus on the framing of national rather than transnational contention, although as this article shows, social movement research is increasing on this regard. The fourth weakness is the scarcity of applications of framing and frame analysis to collective actors and policies - a promising line of research to which social movement studies could make valuable contributions. This article will address these issues to highlight promising venues of research and application in social movement studies.
本文探讨了社会运动研究中的话语和框架分析的概念和方法。将框架分析的不同案例应用于欧洲各种类型的社会运动和有争议的政治,来说明这一论点。正如本特刊导言所强调的,尽管框架和框架的概念在认知、语言和社会科学的几个学科和方法中都有使用,但对社会运动的研究仍然存在一些差距。一个是框架分析方法在进步左翼运动中的普遍应用,而忽略了右翼的行动者。第二个弱点是缺乏结合微观(即活动家)和中观(即组织)层面的框架和探索框架“(dis-)对齐”动态的实证研究。第三,主要关注国家而非跨国争论的框架,尽管正如本文所示,社会运动在这方面的研究正在增加。第四个弱点是缺乏将框架和框架分析应用于集体行为者和政策——这是一个很有前途的研究领域,社会运动研究可以为之做出宝贵贡献。本文将讨论这些问题,以突出在社会运动研究中有前景的研究和应用场所。
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引用次数: 2
Sequence-initial pointing: Spotlighting what just happened as a cause of a new sequence 序列初始指向:聚焦刚刚发生的事情作为新序列的原因
IF 1.8 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-03-05 DOI: 10.1177/14614456221132464
Eiko Yasui
Drawing on microanalysis of interaction, this study examines the practice a pointing gesture accomplishes in initiating a new sequence in relation to what just happened when another line of interaction is still developing. Specifically, it is an investigation of the cases in which a participant points at a current or adjacent prior speaker with their index finger, comments on their current or adjacent prior action, and laughs. Such pointing spotlights what the target is currently doing or just did and locates them as a cause of the laughter. The pointing participant then invites laughter from others by shifting their gaze toward others while continuing to point. The analysis shows that such practice presents new participation statuses of the recipients and enables the producer of the pointing to initiate a teasing sequence; the gaze shift can invite laughter from others while the pointing indicates the target of the teasing. The study thus reveals interactional tasks of pointing gestures beyond their referential function.
通过对互动的微观分析,本研究考察了当另一条互动线仍在发展时,指向手势在启动新序列时所完成的实践。具体来说,这是对参与者用食指指着当前或相邻的先前说话者,评论其当前或相邻先前动作并大笑的情况的调查。这样的指向突出了目标当前正在做或刚刚做的事情,并将其定位为引起笑声的原因。然后,指点参与者在继续指点的同时将目光转向他人,从而引起他人的笑声。分析表明,这种做法呈现了接受者新的参与状态,并使指向的生产者能够发起挑逗序列;目光的转移可以引起其他人的笑声,而定点则表明了嘲笑的目标。因此,该研究揭示了指向手势的交互任务超出了它们的参考功能。
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引用次数: 0
An imperious, closed sandbox? A rejoinder to Van Dijk’s critique of the framing perspective on social movement mobilization 专横、封闭的沙盒?对Van Dijk对社会运动动员的框架观点的批评的回应
IF 1.8 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.1177/14614456231155079
D. Snow, R. Vliegenthart
In this article, we provide a response to Teun van Dijk’s criticism of the framing perspective on social movements, as expressed in his article ‘Analyzing Frame Analysis. A Critical Review of Framing Studies in Social Movement Research’. We argue that a more constructive tone is warranted and explain how his criticism is largely based on a selective reading and misinterpretation of the vast literature on framing and social movements. We provide a more detailed explanation of how discourse and related concepts such as schema and ideology are discussed by social movement scholars and critically reflect on his claim that framing as a concept can rather be replaced by discourse and/or various other cognitive/psychological constructs. Finally, we suggest how a discourse perspective and insights from social movement framing can be complementary in increasing our understanding of how movements (and other actors) communicate and with what consequences.
在这篇文章中,我们回应了范迪克对社会运动框架视角的批评,正如他在《分析框架分析》一文中所表达的那样。社会运动研究框架研究述评。我们认为,有必要采用更具建设性的语气,并解释了他的批评在很大程度上是如何基于对大量关于框架和社会运动的文献的选择性阅读和误解。我们更详细地解释了社会运动学者如何讨论话语和相关概念,如图式和意识形态,并批判性地反思了他的主张,即作为一个概念的框架可以被话语和/或各种其他认知/心理结构所取代。最后,我们建议,话语视角和来自社会运动框架的见解如何互补,以增加我们对运动(和其他参与者)如何沟通以及后果的理解。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Discourse Studies
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