Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1177/01937235221144431
Tracie Canada
Drawing on years of ethnographic research, this article highlights the importance of Black women's mothering, care work, and labor as their sons find success in American football. By centering Black mothers, the divide between the bureaucratic care offered by football programs and the motherly care offered by football moms is apparent. The former focuses on the player and all that he contributes to the program, and is clearly concerned with the capitalist value of his athletic labor. The latter focuses on the man, someone who takes the field, lives a life beyond it, and must navigate white supremacist and anti-Black spaces. Football, my findings suggest, requires and mobilizes both forms of care.
{"title":"Black Mothers and NFL Moms Safety Clinics: An Ethnography of Care in American Football","authors":"Tracie Canada","doi":"10.1177/01937235221144431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01937235221144431","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on years of ethnographic research, this article highlights the importance of Black women's mothering, care work, and labor as their sons find success in American football. By centering Black mothers, the divide between the bureaucratic care offered by football programs and the motherly care offered by football moms is apparent. The former focuses on the player and all that he contributes to the program, and is clearly concerned with the capitalist value of his athletic labor. The latter focuses on the man, someone who takes the field, lives a life beyond it, and must navigate white supremacist and anti-Black spaces. Football, my findings suggest, requires and mobilizes both forms of care.","PeriodicalId":47636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Social Issues","volume":"51 1","pages":"103 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84643695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1177/01937235221144435
Justin Gomer, Shaun Ossei-Owusu
This article examines the lack of racial diversity among the National Football League's (NFL) head coaches. Focusing on each new coaching cohort since 2013, when all eight of the newly hired head coaches were white, we contest common explanations offered by the League and many sports journalists. Specifically, we challenge the assumption that the racial homogeneity of the coaching population stems from the league's current premium on offensive-oriented coaches, whom are overwhelmingly white. Through a careful examination of the experiences of every NFL head coach hired in the last nine years—prior credentials, win-loss records, job prospects if they are fired, among others—we argue that race remains a fundamental determinant in the opportunities of prospective head coaches. We therefore contend that commonly proposed solutions like expanding the Rooney Rule—a league rule established in 2003 that requires all teams to hire at least one person of color when filing a head coaching vacancy—fail to adequately account for the multitude of ways race still operates in hiring and promoting NFL coaches.
{"title":"Coaching While Black: Race, Leadership, and the National Football League","authors":"Justin Gomer, Shaun Ossei-Owusu","doi":"10.1177/01937235221144435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01937235221144435","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the lack of racial diversity among the National Football League's (NFL) head coaches. Focusing on each new coaching cohort since 2013, when all eight of the newly hired head coaches were white, we contest common explanations offered by the League and many sports journalists. Specifically, we challenge the assumption that the racial homogeneity of the coaching population stems from the league's current premium on offensive-oriented coaches, whom are overwhelmingly white. Through a careful examination of the experiences of every NFL head coach hired in the last nine years—prior credentials, win-loss records, job prospects if they are fired, among others—we argue that race remains a fundamental determinant in the opportunities of prospective head coaches. We therefore contend that commonly proposed solutions like expanding the Rooney Rule—a league rule established in 2003 that requires all teams to hire at least one person of color when filing a head coaching vacancy—fail to adequately account for the multitude of ways race still operates in hiring and promoting NFL coaches.","PeriodicalId":47636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Social Issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45229160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1177/01937235221144430
C. Harrison, Scott J. Bukstein, D. McArdle, Jessie R. Dickens, Whitney Griffin
The Rooney Rule was implemented in the National Football League (NFL) in 2003 to increase levels of employment for ethnic-minority coaches by requiring teams within the league to interview candidates of color for head coaching and executive level positions. However, only three coaches of color were employed at the beginning of the 2020 season. Framed within the larger context of occupational mobility, the present study aims to identify mobility trends for white coaches and coaches of color and analyzes the root causes for the difficulties that candidates of color experience when seeking higher-level positions within NFL organizations. Results illuminate a variety of institutional issues that exist within the NFL and allow for the development of recommendations that are useful for scholars and practitioners alike.
{"title":"Race and Occupational Mobility in the National Football League","authors":"C. Harrison, Scott J. Bukstein, D. McArdle, Jessie R. Dickens, Whitney Griffin","doi":"10.1177/01937235221144430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01937235221144430","url":null,"abstract":"The Rooney Rule was implemented in the National Football League (NFL) in 2003 to increase levels of employment for ethnic-minority coaches by requiring teams within the league to interview candidates of color for head coaching and executive level positions. However, only three coaches of color were employed at the beginning of the 2020 season. Framed within the larger context of occupational mobility, the present study aims to identify mobility trends for white coaches and coaches of color and analyzes the root causes for the difficulties that candidates of color experience when seeking higher-level positions within NFL organizations. Results illuminate a variety of institutional issues that exist within the NFL and allow for the development of recommendations that are useful for scholars and practitioners alike.","PeriodicalId":47636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Social Issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43104433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/01937235221134607
Adriana Novoa, Robert Koch
This essay analyzes how Peronist politics explain the emergence of Diego Maradona as a player that represented authentic Argentine football. We explain how the political radicalism popular during his formative years impacted his role in affirming Argentina's national style of play. In doing so, this article also engages scholarship that historicizes the myths of his nation's football. We analyze Maradona's development as a historically situated phenomenon, and argue that, through Peronism, he understood this sport as a metaphysical game that expressed class struggle and the emancipatory aspirations of the poor boys who were seen as creators of the national style. By this, we mean that he focused on the ball and the relationship he was able to establish with it to question reality, possibilities, and even its existence, creating an experience for spectators that was different and sublime, that made football more than a sport.
{"title":"“Argentina's National Style: Maradona, Peronism, and Metaphysical Football.”","authors":"Adriana Novoa, Robert Koch","doi":"10.1177/01937235221134607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01937235221134607","url":null,"abstract":"This essay analyzes how Peronist politics explain the emergence of Diego Maradona as a player that represented authentic Argentine football. We explain how the political radicalism popular during his formative years impacted his role in affirming Argentina's national style of play. In doing so, this article also engages scholarship that historicizes the myths of his nation's football. We analyze Maradona's development as a historically situated phenomenon, and argue that, through Peronism, he understood this sport as a metaphysical game that expressed class struggle and the emancipatory aspirations of the poor boys who were seen as creators of the national style. By this, we mean that he focused on the ball and the relationship he was able to establish with it to question reality, possibilities, and even its existence, creating an experience for spectators that was different and sublime, that made football more than a sport.","PeriodicalId":47636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Social Issues","volume":"25 1","pages":"158 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89221323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.1177/01937235221134612
Kara Dadswell, Marie Mandicos, Elliott P Flowers, C. Hanlon
Women from culturally diverse backgrounds are underrepresented in sport leadership, often experiencing increased oppression and discrimination based on intersectionality. The aim of our paper was to scope the literature for facilitators and barriers that exist for women from culturally diverse backgrounds in sport leadership. Four databases with no limits on publication date were searched. A total of 1,838 articles were retrieved and screening revealed 12 eligible peer-reviewed journal articles. The review identified a dominant focus from the USA on experiences of Black or African American women, in basketball coaching or athletic director roles in college athletic departments. Key facilitators and barriers were entwined within four themes including personal characteristics, interpersonal support, organisational support and discrimination. Topics evolved from these themes to create a future research agenda.
{"title":"Women from Culturally Diverse Backgrounds in Sport Leadership: A Scoping Review of Facilitators and Barriers","authors":"Kara Dadswell, Marie Mandicos, Elliott P Flowers, C. Hanlon","doi":"10.1177/01937235221134612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01937235221134612","url":null,"abstract":"Women from culturally diverse backgrounds are underrepresented in sport leadership, often experiencing increased oppression and discrimination based on intersectionality. The aim of our paper was to scope the literature for facilitators and barriers that exist for women from culturally diverse backgrounds in sport leadership. Four databases with no limits on publication date were searched. A total of 1,838 articles were retrieved and screening revealed 12 eligible peer-reviewed journal articles. The review identified a dominant focus from the USA on experiences of Black or African American women, in basketball coaching or athletic director roles in college athletic departments. Key facilitators and barriers were entwined within four themes including personal characteristics, interpersonal support, organisational support and discrimination. Topics evolved from these themes to create a future research agenda.","PeriodicalId":47636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Social Issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42593896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1177/01937235221134606
DooJae Park, NaRi Shin
This study offers a critical discourse analysis of media representations of coach Sarah Murray, the first foreign, the first female, and the youngest head coach of the South Korean women's national ice hockey team at the 2018 PyeongChang Olympics. We focus on the South Korean media, which framed and manipulated coach Murray's credibility, especially the caliber of her coaching, while constructing a familial tie and restating the global hierarchy between North America and South Korea in the sport of ice hockey. We suggest how the media (re)produced denotative/connotative meanings of the recruitment of Coach Murray and her leadership through determinant moments by engaging a discussion of the discourse that both constructed coach Murray as subordinate to male figures and affirmed whiteness as the center of the global context.
{"title":"Branded Media Representations of Coach Sarah Murray: The Intersection of Olympic Nationalism, Gender, and Whiteness in ice Hockey","authors":"DooJae Park, NaRi Shin","doi":"10.1177/01937235221134606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01937235221134606","url":null,"abstract":"This study offers a critical discourse analysis of media representations of coach Sarah Murray, the first foreign, the first female, and the youngest head coach of the South Korean women's national ice hockey team at the 2018 PyeongChang Olympics. We focus on the South Korean media, which framed and manipulated coach Murray's credibility, especially the caliber of her coaching, while constructing a familial tie and restating the global hierarchy between North America and South Korea in the sport of ice hockey. We suggest how the media (re)produced denotative/connotative meanings of the recruitment of Coach Murray and her leadership through determinant moments by engaging a discussion of the discourse that both constructed coach Murray as subordinate to male figures and affirmed whiteness as the center of the global context.","PeriodicalId":47636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Social Issues","volume":"21 1","pages":"36 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86322703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-22DOI: 10.1177/01937235221134610
J. Gurgis, G. Kerr, Anthony Battaglia
In response to numerous highly publicized cases of athlete maltreatment, sport organizations have developed prevention and intervention strategies under the umbrella term of Safe Sport; however, confusion exists about what it does and does not encompass. To better understand what Safe Sport encompasses, this study sought to develop a conceptual framework of Safe Sport, informed by the perspectives of various stakeholders in sport. Using a social constructivist grounded theory approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with forty-one participants, including athletes, coaches, sport administrators, and researchers. The results are interpreted to suggest that participants’ understanding of Safe Sport are informed by three overarching themes: environmental and physical safety, relational safety, and optimising sport, all of which are viewed as continuously evolving relative to the ever-changing context of sport and broader society. Recommendations are made to optimise sport experiences and thus prevent physical and psychological harms through a safeguarding approach that prioritizes the promotion of human rights.
{"title":"Exploring Stakeholders’ Interpretations of Safe Sport","authors":"J. Gurgis, G. Kerr, Anthony Battaglia","doi":"10.1177/01937235221134610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01937235221134610","url":null,"abstract":"In response to numerous highly publicized cases of athlete maltreatment, sport organizations have developed prevention and intervention strategies under the umbrella term of Safe Sport; however, confusion exists about what it does and does not encompass. To better understand what Safe Sport encompasses, this study sought to develop a conceptual framework of Safe Sport, informed by the perspectives of various stakeholders in sport. Using a social constructivist grounded theory approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with forty-one participants, including athletes, coaches, sport administrators, and researchers. The results are interpreted to suggest that participants’ understanding of Safe Sport are informed by three overarching themes: environmental and physical safety, relational safety, and optimising sport, all of which are viewed as continuously evolving relative to the ever-changing context of sport and broader society. Recommendations are made to optimise sport experiences and thus prevent physical and psychological harms through a safeguarding approach that prioritizes the promotion of human rights.","PeriodicalId":47636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Social Issues","volume":"9 1","pages":"75 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89272884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-22DOI: 10.1177/01937235221134611
Martin Camiré
Youth sport is often prefaced as an accessible social practice facilitating development and wellbeing, yet social controls and inequalities abound along racial, gender, and sexual divisions. In efforts of transformative theoretical manoeuvring, the purpose of the paper is to deploy assemblage thinking as attunement to race, gender, and sexuality in youth sport research. A rationale for assemblage thinking is provided, followed by explanations of what assemblage thinking can do. Assemblage thinking is then deployed, situating race, gender, and sexuality as provisional performative doings. Key considerations are offered as to how youth sport researchers can engage in performative participation, acting as becoming-resources who consider the ever-evolving dynamics of academia and capitalism. Assemblage thinking is positioned as a provincial lens that can instigate more sustainable transformative research.
{"title":"Assemblage Thinking as Attunement to Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Youth Sport Research","authors":"Martin Camiré","doi":"10.1177/01937235221134611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01937235221134611","url":null,"abstract":"Youth sport is often prefaced as an accessible social practice facilitating development and wellbeing, yet social controls and inequalities abound along racial, gender, and sexual divisions. In efforts of transformative theoretical manoeuvring, the purpose of the paper is to deploy assemblage thinking as attunement to race, gender, and sexuality in youth sport research. A rationale for assemblage thinking is provided, followed by explanations of what assemblage thinking can do. Assemblage thinking is then deployed, situating race, gender, and sexuality as provisional performative doings. Key considerations are offered as to how youth sport researchers can engage in performative participation, acting as becoming-resources who consider the ever-evolving dynamics of academia and capitalism. Assemblage thinking is positioned as a provincial lens that can instigate more sustainable transformative research.","PeriodicalId":47636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Social Issues","volume":"207 1","pages":"56 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90020250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.1177/01937235221119508
Héctor Fernández L’Hoeste
Born on December 23, 1945, in the village of San Basilio de Palenque, Antonio Cervantes, aka Kid Pambelé, epitomizes the extreme nature of the marginalization of the population of African descent in Colombia. His career evinces the extent to which social and cultural conditions inhibit sustained prosperity among Afro-Colombians, condemning them to structural poverty. Cervantes was the first Colombian boxing international champion, successfully defending his title 16 times while keeping it for almost eight years throughout the 1970s. Following the writings of Ignacio Ellacuría, this text argues that Cervantes's experience embodies the structural failings of a system bent on violence against Afro-descendants. His story is one of martyrdom, sacrificed for the sake of a society unwilling to address underlying inequities and collective prejudice.
{"title":"From Despair to Glory, and Back: The Rags to Riches to Rags Story of Antonio Cervantes, Kid Pambelé","authors":"Héctor Fernández L’Hoeste","doi":"10.1177/01937235221119508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01937235221119508","url":null,"abstract":"Born on December 23, 1945, in the village of San Basilio de Palenque, Antonio Cervantes, aka Kid Pambelé, epitomizes the extreme nature of the marginalization of the population of African descent in Colombia. His career evinces the extent to which social and cultural conditions inhibit sustained prosperity among Afro-Colombians, condemning them to structural poverty. Cervantes was the first Colombian boxing international champion, successfully defending his title 16 times while keeping it for almost eight years throughout the 1970s. Following the writings of Ignacio Ellacuría, this text argues that Cervantes's experience embodies the structural failings of a system bent on violence against Afro-descendants. His story is one of martyrdom, sacrificed for the sake of a society unwilling to address underlying inequities and collective prejudice.","PeriodicalId":47636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Social Issues","volume":"13 1","pages":"182 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78086019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.1177/01937235221119811
Lucie Vanwersch, A. Willem, B. Constandt, Wim Hardyns
This study provides a structured overview of the literature published between 2010 and 2020 on the causes and consequences of fraud in sport using a systematic search strategy. Our results show that the current literature on this phenomenon is mostly focused on football as a specific type of sport, and on competition manipulation as a specific type of fraud. Guided by the routine activity theory, we observed that motivated offenders, suitable targets, and the lack of capable guardians render sport vulnerable for fraud in general, and for competition manipulation, corruption, financial fraud, and human trafficking in particular. The consequences of fraud in sport are mostly financial, through a diminution in the public's trust combined with a decrease in attendance and spectatorship to sport events. The phenomenon of fraud in sport remains strongly under-researched through empirical designs, and an interdisciplinary approach is required to tackle its complex nature and scope.
{"title":"A Scoping Review of the Causes and Consequences of Fraud in Sport","authors":"Lucie Vanwersch, A. Willem, B. Constandt, Wim Hardyns","doi":"10.1177/01937235221119811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01937235221119811","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides a structured overview of the literature published between 2010 and 2020 on the causes and consequences of fraud in sport using a systematic search strategy. Our results show that the current literature on this phenomenon is mostly focused on football as a specific type of sport, and on competition manipulation as a specific type of fraud. Guided by the routine activity theory, we observed that motivated offenders, suitable targets, and the lack of capable guardians render sport vulnerable for fraud in general, and for competition manipulation, corruption, financial fraud, and human trafficking in particular. The consequences of fraud in sport are mostly financial, through a diminution in the public's trust combined with a decrease in attendance and spectatorship to sport events. The phenomenon of fraud in sport remains strongly under-researched through empirical designs, and an interdisciplinary approach is required to tackle its complex nature and scope.","PeriodicalId":47636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Social Issues","volume":"2009 1","pages":"546 - 584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82586722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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