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Composite hydrogel gellan gum-based materials with CaCO3 vaterite particles CaCO3水晶石颗粒复合水凝胶结冷胶基材料
Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.18500/1817-3020-2023-23-3-245-253
M. S. Saveleva, P. A. Demina
. Background and Objectives : Hydrogels are cross-linked three-dimensional polymeric structures containing a large amount of water. Hydrogel materials based on natural and/or synthetic biocompatible polymers are capable of imitating the structure and properties of the extracellular matrix of living tissues. Therefore, hydrogel-based materials are widely studied and developed as functional materials in various fields of biology and medicine, including the creation of biomaterials for transplantation and tissue engineering. However, hydrogels have a number of disadvantages, such as a low biomineralization capacity, low biomechanical properties, and weak ability to form biointerface with hardtissues.Thesepropertiesmakehydrogel-basedmaterialsunsuitableforhardtissueengineering,particularly,boneregeneration.Currently, approaches to overcome these limitations, in particular, to improve the biological activity and biomineralization of hydrogels are currently being widelydeveloped. MaterialsandMethods : Thisstudyreportsanefficientapproachofhydrogelsmineralizationbasedontheultrasound-assisted synthesis of calcium carbonate CaCO 3 in the gellan gum hydrogel material. Results : The composite hydrogel materials based on the gellan gum with CaCO 3 micron-sized particles in the vaterite polymorph, uniformly distributed within the hydrogel matrix, have been obtained. The fraction of CaCO 3 in the hydrogel can easily be controlled by the number of ultrasound treatment procedures. The morphology and structure of the obtained hydrogel materials, especially the structure and distribution of the inorganic phase CaCO 3 , have been studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Conclusion : The proposed strategy for the hydrogel mineralization allows for to create functional composite materials with the potential for application for the tissue engineering, especially bone regeneration.
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引用次数: 0
A study of the biological and functional properties of microorganisms with high resistance to manganese (II) 高抗锰微生物的生物学和功能特性研究(II)
Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-3-318-330
Milena A. Kasatkina, Maxim V. Reshetnikov, Ekaterina V. Pleshakova
The issue of water treatment of the central water supply, as well as wastewater, from excessive content of heavy metals (HMs) remains relevant at the present time. The presence of heavy metals, even in trace amounts, has a negative impact not only on the environment, but also on all human organic systems. At the moment, iron and manganese are among the main pollutants entering the human body via drinking water. Studies were carried out on the biological and functional properties of microorganisms isolated from highly magnetic soil, which previously demonstrated high resistance to manganese (II). Microbial strains with maximum resistance to Mn (II) were identified as: Bacillus simplex 55.2, B. simplex 13.2 and Listeria murrayi 13.4. The growth dynamics of B. simplex 55.2 and B. megaterium 69.5 was studied under conditions of periodic cultivation in a liquid medium containing 2 mmol/L Mn (II). It was shown that after 7 day’s cultivation, the weight of the biomass of B. megaterium 69.5 increased by 5.5 times, B. simplex 55.2 increased by 3.7 times relative to the values after 1 day cultivation, the optical density of the culture medium B. megaterium 69.5 increased 4 times, B. simplex 55.2 increased 2 times compared with the initial sowing dose. The specific growth rate of B. megaterium 69.5 after 7 days cultivation was higher than that of B. simplex 55.2 by about 2 times, and the degree of removal of Mn (II) from the aquatic environment was less. B. simplex 55.2 reduced the content of Mn (II) by 66%, B. megaterium 69.5 reduced by 50%. It was established that B. megaterium 69.5, B. simplex 55.2, B. simplex 13.2 and L. murrayi 13.4 are able to grow in conditions of high alkalinity and mineralization of the medium (pH 7–10; 10% NaCl). Taking into account that these microorganisms are able to remove high concentrations of Mn (II) from the aquatic environment, they are promising for their use in water treatment biotechnology.
目前,中央供水系统的水处理问题,以及重金属含量超标的废水,仍然具有现实意义。重金属的存在,即使是微量的,不仅对环境,而且对所有人体有机系统都有负面影响。目前,铁和锰是通过饮用水进入人体的主要污染物。从高磁土壤中分离出对锰(II)具有较高抗性的微生物,对其生物学和功能特性进行了研究,鉴定出对锰(II)具有最大抗性的微生物菌株为单纯芽孢杆菌55.2、单纯芽孢杆菌13.2和穆拉伊李斯特菌13.4。短句来源在含2 mmol/L Mn (II)的液体培养基中,研究了单纯弧菌55.2和巨型弧菌69.5在周期性培养条件下的生长动态。结果表明,培养7 d后,与培养1 d相比,巨型弧菌69.5的生物量重量增加了5.5倍,单纯弧菌55.2的生物量重量增加了3.7倍,培养液光密度增加了4倍;单纯螺旋体55.2较初播剂量增加2倍。培养7 d后,巨型芽孢杆菌69.5的比生长率比单纯芽孢杆菌55.2高出约2倍,对水体环境中Mn (II)的去除程度较低。B. simplex 55.2使Mn (II)含量降低66%,B. megaterium 69.5使Mn (II)含量降低50%。结果表明:大芽孢杆菌69.5、单纯芽孢杆菌55.2、单纯芽孢杆菌13.2和穆拉氏乳杆菌13.4在高碱度和矿化条件下(pH 7 ~ 10;10%氯化钠)。考虑到这些微生物能够从水生环境中去除高浓度的锰(II),它们在水处理生物技术中的应用前景广阔。
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引用次数: 0
Smartphone use in solid-phase fluorimetric determination of some polypeptide antibiotics in medicinal preparations 智能手机在药物制剂中某些多肽抗生素固相荧光测定中的应用
Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-3-252-261
Dmitry S. Bolshakov, Zen Аlabden Chalawi Shogah, Vasily G. Amelin
The analysis of semi-products at different stages of production and finished medicinal products is an integral part of an effective quality assurance system for pharmaceutical production. The traditional methods used in the pharmaceutical field, such as capillary electrophoresis, gas and liquid chromatography, are quite versatile and effective. However, they are distinguished by the high cost of instrumentation and component materials, the need to use high-purity solvents, the lack of mobility and the possibility of in situ studies. Such shortcomings can be overcome by using the digital colorimetry method. Its significant popularization has been facilitated by the development of portable and personal electronic devices, among which the smartphone can be distinguished. The aim of the work was to develop a fast and simple method for the determination of a number of polypeptide antibiotics in drugs by digital colorimetry using a smartphone as a color recording device. To implement the solid phase fluorimetric determination of polypeptide antibiotics, HPTLC plates based on silica gel with an aluminum substrate were used as a matrix. Under these conditions, the fluorescence of actinomycin D, virginiamycin M1, virginiamycin S1, and novobiocin was observed when exposed to monochromatic radiation in the UV part of the spectrum (365 nm). The measurement of fluorescence intensity on the surface of the matrices was carried out using a smartphone. Calibration characteristics were constructed for the determination of polypeptide antibiotics in the concentration range of 32–500 μg/mL. The method for assessing the quality of finished drugs was tested on commercial products “Piostacin”, “Cosmegen”, “Dactinomycin” purchased in retail chains. The relative standard deviation of the analysis results does not exceed 0.05. The duration of the analysis was 10–15 min. Based on the results of the studies, the paper presents a method for determining some antibiotics of the polypeptide series by the intrinsic fluorescence of deposited solutions on a solid substrate during treatment with monochromatic UV radiation. The experimental delivery conditions used allow the analysis of drugs based on actinomycin D, virginiamycin M1, virginiamycin S1, and novobiocin.
对不同生产阶段的半成品和药品成品的分析是有效的药品生产质量保证体系的组成部分。在制药领域中使用的传统方法,如毛细管电泳、气相色谱和液相色谱,是非常通用和有效的。然而,它们的特点是仪器和组成材料的成本高,需要使用高纯度溶剂,缺乏流动性和就地研究的可能性。采用数字比色法可以克服这些缺点。便携式和个人电子设备的发展促进了它的显著普及,其中可以区分智能手机。这项工作的目的是开发一种快速简便的方法,利用智能手机作为彩色记录设备,通过数字比色法测定药物中的多种多肽抗生素。采用铝底硅胶基HPTLC板为基质,建立了多肽抗生素的固相荧光测定方法。在此条件下,观察放线菌素D、维吉尼亚霉素M1、维吉尼亚霉素S1和新生物霉素在365 nm紫外波段单色辐射下的荧光。利用智能手机对基质表面的荧光强度进行测量。建立了测定32 ~ 500 μg/mL多肽抗生素浓度范围的校准特性。对在连锁零售店购买的商品“匹ostacin”、“Cosmegen”、“Dactinomycin”进行了成品药品质量评价方法的检验。分析结果的相对标准偏差不超过0.05。分析时间为10-15 min。根据研究结果,本文提出了一种利用固体底物沉积溶液在单色紫外辐射下的本征荧光测定多肽系列抗生素的方法。使用的实验递送条件允许基于放线菌素D、维吉尼霉素M1、维吉尼霉素S1和新生物霉素的药物分析。
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引用次数: 0
Transformations of substituted cyanoiminooctahydroquinazolines under oxidation conditions 氧化条件下取代氰亚胺-八羟基喹唑啉的转化
Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-3-299-307
Daniil A. Puzanov, Anna E. Sklyar, Marina V. Konenkova, Adel P. Krivenko
Substituted quinazolines of various degrees of saturation and functionalization possess a wide spectrum of biological activity, in particular, anticancer activity, which predetermines the importance of obtaining new representatives of this type of compounds and studying their practically useful properties. Methods for the preparation of 2-cyanoiminoquinazolines are poorly described in the literature, while their properties and oxidation reactions have not been studied at all. We have analyzed the stability of tautomeric forms of 2-cyanoiminoquinazolines, determined the activation energy of their formation using quantum-chemical calculations, studied their transformation under the action of strong oxidants (CrO3/AcOH, NaNO2/AcOH). Selective aromatization of the azoheterocycle and hydrolysis of the -CN-group to form 2-aminocarbamoylquinazoline occurred during oxidation. An increase in temperature from 120 to 160° C (using CrO3) resulted in the formation of 2-nitrosoquinazoline. The structure of our new obtained substances was established by spectral methods (IR, 1H, 13C NMR, HSQC, NOESY), a scheme of their formation has been proposed.
不同饱和度和功能化程度的取代喹唑啉具有广泛的生物活性,特别是抗癌活性,这就决定了获得这类化合物的新代表和研究其实际用途性质的重要性。文献中对2-氰基亚氨基喹唑啉的制备方法描述甚少,而对其性质和氧化反应的研究却很少。我们分析了2-氰亚氨基喹唑啉的互变异构体形式的稳定性,用量子化学计算确定了它们形成的活化能,研究了它们在强氧化剂(CrO3/AcOH, NaNO2/AcOH)作用下的转化。在氧化过程中,偶氮杂环发生选择性芳构化,- cn -基团水解生成2-氨基氨基甲酰喹啉。温度从120°C升高到160°C(使用CrO3)导致2-亚硝基喹啉的形成。通过IR、1H、13C NMR、HSQC、NOESY等光谱方法确定了新物质的结构,并提出了它们的形成方案。
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引用次数: 0
Individual psychological indicators of a person’s addiction to social networks: An integrative approach 一个人对社交网络成瘾的个体心理指标:一种综合方法
Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.18500/2304-9790-2023-12-3-227-235
Tatyana V. Belykh
The relevance of the study is due to the following fact. Comparative analysis of individual psychological characteristics of students with and without addiction to social networks, that is conducted by means of the integrative approach, allows us, firstly, to identify the connection of multi-level characteristics in the structure of the individuality and, secondly, to single out latent, resource capabilities of the individual for psycho-prophylaxis and psycho-correction of this addiction. The research objective is to study individual psychological characteristics of the students who are either addicted to social networks or do not have such an addiction. The objective is achieved by using the integrative approach. The article hypothesizes that university students with a prominent addiction to social networks have specific features of integration of psychodynamic, personal and socio-psychological traits in the structure of students’ individuality. The study sample includes 154 1st – 3d-year students of Saratov State University, aged 17 to 20, the average age 18.6, SD = 0.61, 45% of young men, 55% of young women. The research methods (tools) are as follows. The questionnaire of formal-dynamic individuality properties (by V. M. Rusalov) was used to identify psychodynamic properties in the structure of one’s individuality. To study personal qualities, the following tools were used: The Freiburg Personality Inventory (the modified form “B”) (developed by A. A. Krylov and T. I. Ronginskaya), The Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale, the Technique for Diagnosing the Level of Neuroticism (by L. I. Wasserman). To identify socio-psychological characteristics the questionnaire “Perception of the Internet” (by E. A. Schepilina) was used; to measure the degree of a person’s addiction to social networks, the “Social Networks Addiction Assessment Questionnaire” (by V. P. Sheinov, A. S. Devitsyn) was used. The research results. The study has revealed significant differences in the integration of multi-level individual psychological qualities in the structure of students’ individuality in the compared samples. The conclusion. Students’ addiction to social networks is manifested by the following symptom complex of characteristics: low psychodynamic resourcefulness in the communicative sphere, high emotionality and its lability, neuroticism, disposition to depressive states and psychological difficulties in interpersonal communication. Independence from the use of social networks is accompanied by motor and communicative endurance at the psychodynamic level of integral individuality, introversion, high speed of intellectual information processing and assimilation of communication skills, as well as sociability at the personal level. The compared sample groups differ in the type of contribution of psychodynamic features to the manifestation of the social networks addiction. This can influence manifestation of sociability during contact interaction and can determine the tend
这项研究的相关性是由于以下事实。通过对社交网络成瘾学生和非社交网络成瘾学生的个体心理特征进行综合分析,我们首先可以识别个性结构中多层次特征之间的联系,其次可以筛选出个体潜在的资源能力,用于社交网络成瘾的心理预防和心理矫正。研究目的是研究社交网络成瘾和非社交网络成瘾学生的个体心理特征。目标是通过使用综合方法来实现的。本文假设社交网络成瘾突出的大学生在学生个性结构中具有心理动力特征、个人特征和社会心理特征的融合特征。研究样本包括154名萨拉托夫国立大学1 - 3年级学生,年龄17 - 20岁,平均年龄18.6岁,SD = 0.61, 45%的年轻男性,55%的年轻女性。研究方法(工具)如下。采用Rusalov的形式动态个性特征问卷来识别个性结构中的心理动力学特征。为了研究个人素质,使用了以下工具:弗莱堡人格量表(修改形式“B”)(由A. A.克里洛夫和T. I.荣金斯卡娅开发),福尔摩斯和拉赫压力量表,神经质水平诊断技术(由L. I.沃瑟曼)。采用E. A. Schepilina设计的“网络感知”问卷来识别社会心理特征;为了测量一个人对社交网络的成瘾程度,使用了“社交网络成瘾评估问卷”(V. P. Sheinov, a . S. Devitsyn)。研究成果。研究发现,在比较样本中,学生个性结构中多层次个体心理素质的整合存在显著差异。结论。学生社交网络成瘾表现为交际领域心理动力智谋能力低、情绪性及其不稳定性高、神经质、抑郁倾向、人际交往心理困难等特征的症状复合。不使用社交网络的独立性伴随着整体个性心理动力层面的运动和交际耐力、内向、高智力信息处理速度和沟通技巧的同化,以及个人层面的社交能力。所比较的样本组在心理动力学特征对社交网络成瘾表现的贡献类型上存在差异。这可以影响接触互动中社交性的表现,并可以决定过度沉浸于网络和互联网交流的倾向。接收到的数据可以帮助优化用于教育目的的网络交流过程,通过解释心理动力学的理由作为学生倾向于在社交网络中发展成瘾的原因。这些数据可以成为设计旨在预防这种成瘾的心理发展和心理预防方案的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Personal correlates of self-efficacy in educational and professional activities of medical university students 医大学生教育与专业活动中自我效能感的个人相关因素
Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.18500/2304-9790-2023-12-3-236-245
Victor V. Enin
The relevance of the study is due to the following fact. The study of the personal determinants of self-efficacy of medical university students is a relevant research issue as it allows us to identify their contribution to the development of an adequate image of the “professional self” in the structure of the self-concept of future doctors. The purpose of the research is to study the correlation between personal characteristics of university students and different degrees of self-efficacy in educational and professional activities. Hypothesis. There are presumably particular differences in the actualization of connections between personal properties of students who show a high and low level of self-efficacy while studying at a medical university. The participants of the study are 3rd and 4th-year students of Stavropol State Medical University (Stavropol) (N = 187, 105 of them are females and 82 of them are males, the average age is 20 years old, SD = 0.78). The research methods (tools) include the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire in the form of a test (by J. Maddux, M. Scheer, adapted by A. V. Boyarintseva) that is aimed at studying the degree of subject-matter and communicative self-efficacy manifestation; the Schwarzer R. & Jerusalem M. Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale that diagnoses the degree of general self-efficacy manifestation; the questionnaire “The Style of Behavior Self-Regulation” (by V. I. Morosanova) that identifies self-regulation styles and manifestation degree of its general level; the Questionnaire on Tolerance-Intolerance to Uncertainty (by T.V. Kornilova) that diagnoses the manifestation degree of general and interpersonal tolerance or intolerance to uncertainty. The study also applies the procedure aimed at measuring the manifestation degree of a person’s self-efficacy in educational and professional activities (based on self-assessment). Results: the study has revealed both similarities and differences in the correlation between personal properties in students with different levels of self-efficacy in educational and professional activities. Main conclusions: the research has revealed the greatest differences in the correlation between the studied personal properties in the compared groups in the following options: between the expression of self-efficacy in educational and professional activities and tolerance/intolerance to uncertainty, and between intolerance to uncertainty and self-regulation styles. The similarities of personal correlates of students with high and low self-efficacy in educational and professional activities are manifested in significant links between the manifestation level of subject-matter self-efficacy and preferred self-regulation styles. The study has found that self-efficacy in educational and professional activities, regardless of its manifestation level, is directly correlated with all measurable types of self-efficacy. The obtained results can be useful in designing developmental psychological and
这项研究的相关性是由于以下事实。对医科大学生自我效能感的个人决定因素的研究是一个相关的研究问题,因为它使我们能够确定他们对未来医生自我概念结构中“专业自我”适当形象发展的贡献。本研究的目的是研究大学生的个人特征与不同程度的教育和专业活动中的自我效能感之间的相关关系。假设。在医科大学学习期间,表现出高水平自我效能感和低水平自我效能感的学生在个人属性之间的联系实现方面可能存在特殊差异。研究对象为斯塔夫罗波尔国立医科大学(Stavropol)三、四年级学生(N = 187,其中女性105人,男性82人,平均年龄20岁,SD = 0.78)。研究方法(工具)包括以测试形式的自我效能问卷(J. Maddux, M. Scheer, a . V. Boyarintseva改编),旨在研究主题性和交际性自我效能表现的程度;施瓦泽公司;用于诊断一般自我效能表现程度的Jerusalem M.广义自我效能量表;识别自我调节类型及其一般水平表现程度的“行为自我调节风格”问卷(V. I. Morosanova);对不确定性的容忍-不耐受问卷(T.V. Kornilova),用于诊断一般和人际对不确定性的容忍或不耐受的表现程度。本研究还采用了旨在测量个人在教育和专业活动中自我效能感表现程度的程序(基于自我评估)。结果:本研究揭示了不同自我效能水平的学生在教育活动和专业活动中个人属性的相关性既有相似之处,也有差异。主要结论:研究发现,比较组中被研究的个人属性在以下选项中的相关性差异最大:教育和专业活动中自我效能感的表达与对不确定性的容忍/不容忍之间,对不确定性的不容忍与自我调节方式之间。高、低自我效能学生在教育和专业活动中的个人关联的相似性表现为主题自我效能的表现水平与首选自我调节方式之间的显著联系。研究发现,在教育和专业活动中的自我效能感,无论其表现水平如何,都与所有可测量的自我效能感类型直接相关。本研究结果可为医大学生设计发展心理学和教学方案提供参考,旨在通过实现反身潜能,形成和发展最佳的自我调节风格。
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引用次数: 0
The State-Society syncretism in Thomas Hobbes’ theory of social contract 托马斯·霍布斯社会契约理论中的国家-社会融合
Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-258-261
Ivan S. Golubev
Introduction. The article analyzes the state-society relationship in the theory of social contract by T. Hobbes. The etatist interpretation of his socio-political doctrine, widespread in Russian philosophical thought, fundamentally opposing society to the state, does not seem to reflect the understanding of their relationship. From our point of view this is inherent in the contractual theory of the English thinker. Theoretical analysis. The author shows that the original conceptual and theoretical principles of T. Hobbes are the unity of sociogenesis and politogenesis, the actual identification of sociality and statehood, and the assertion of the need for security as the most important factor in the transition of people from the «state of nature» to the state-public organization of their life together. Analyzing the nature of state power, T. Hobbes believes that the political activity of the sovereign, as the source and bearer of the first, is subject, first of all, to the interests of the society he controls. Conclusion. The etatist interpretation of the state-society relationship does not find sufficient confirmation in the theory of the social contract of T. Hobbes. The analysis made it possible to reveal that his point of view on this problem can be described with the idea of the syncretism of society and the state, which implies the unity of the processes of sociogenesis and politogenesis and, accordingly, the simultaneous emergence of these forms of common life.
介绍。本文分析了霍布斯社会契约论中国家与社会的关系。对他的社会政治学说的极权主义解释,在俄罗斯哲学思想中广泛存在,从根本上反对社会与国家,似乎并没有反映出对两者关系的理解。从我们的观点来看,这是英国思想家的契约理论所固有的。理论分析。作者指出,霍布斯最初的概念和理论原则是社会发生和政治发生的统一,社会性和国家的实际认同,以及安全需求是人们从“自然状态”过渡到他们共同生活的国家-公共组织的最重要因素的断言。霍布斯在分析国家权力的本质时认为,君主作为国家权力的源泉和承担者,其政治活动首先受制于他所控制的社会的利益。结论。专制主义对国家与社会关系的解释在霍布斯的社会契约理论中没有得到充分的证实。分析表明,他对这个问题的看法可以用社会和国家的融合性来描述,这意味着社会发生和政治发生过程的统一性,因此,这些共同生活形式的同时出现。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of pH and ionic strength on the photoluminescence of size-fractionated AgInS2/ZnS quantum dots pH和离子强度对分级AgInS2/ZnS量子点光致发光的影响
Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.18500/1817-3020-2023-23-3-238-244
T. S. Ponomaryova, V. V. Olomskaya, A. S. Novikova, I. Yu. Goryacheva
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引用次数: 1
Analytical reactions of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine with some aldehydes in micelles of cationic surfactants 2,4-二硝基苯肼与某些醛在阳离子表面活性剂胶束中的分析反应
Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-3-262-271
Tatiana A. Sokolova, Anna A. Burmistrova, Sergey Yu. Doronin
The analytical effect of micelles of cationic surfactants in the reactions of some aromatic aldehydes (AA) with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) with the formation of the corresponding aci-forms of hydrazones has been established. It has been established that micelles of nonionic and anionic surfactants do not cause analytically significant effects in the system under study. Analytical characteristics of systems DNPH–AA– cationic surfactant (molar absorption coefficients (ε), ranges of determined contents, limits of detection) were determined, using the example of benzaldehyde and its nitro-, sulfo-, chlorine-, dimethylamino- and methoxy derivatives, as well as p-dime thylaminocinnamic aldehyde (DMAC). For the majority of aldehydes ranges of determined contents are in the range from 0,2 to 2,1 μg/ml, ε from 2.10-4 to 1.10-5 L.mol-1.cm-1. The hydrazone formed by DNPH and DMAC was synthesized and identified by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopically. The solubility of the resulting hydrazone in aqueous (pH 13) and micellar (cetylpyridinium chloride, CPC) media was studied. It has been shown that its solubility in CPC micelles increases approximately 60 times, which leads to the stabilization of the studied system DNPH – AA – cationic surfactant in time (its isotropy) and an increase in the sensitivity of the determination of the corresponding aldehyde in the absence of volatile and toxic organic solvents, while the principle “green chemistry” has been implemented. The established effect of cationic surfactants was implemented to develop a method for the non-extraction photometric determination of streptomycin (a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic effective against tuberculosis) in pharmaceutical preparations with ranges of determined contents from 2,1 to 87,4 μg/ml. The error of direct photometric determination of streptomycin did not exceed 5–9%.
建立了一些芳香醛(AA)与2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)反应中阳离子表面活性剂胶束的分析效应,并形成相应的酸型腙。已经确定,非离子和阴离子表面活性剂的胶束在所研究的体系中不会产生显著的分析影响。以苯甲醛及其硝基、亚基、氯基、二甲胺、甲氧基衍生物和对甲基甲胺醛(DMAC)为例,测定了DNPH-AA -阳离子表面活性剂体系的摩尔吸收系数(ε)、测定含量范围和检出限。多数醛类化合物的测定范围为0.2 ~ 2.1 μg/ml, ε值为2.10-4 ~ 1.10-5 l mol-1 cm-1。合成了由DNPH和DMAC合成的腙,并通过元素分析和红外光谱对其进行了鉴定。研究了合成的腙在水溶液(pH 13)和胶束(十六烷基氯吡啶,CPC)介质中的溶解度。结果表明,其在CPC胶束中的溶解度提高了约60倍,这使得所研究的体系DNPH - AA -阳离子表面活性剂在时间上(其各向同性)稳定,并且在没有挥发性和有毒有机溶剂的情况下,提高了相应醛的测定灵敏度,同时实现了“绿色化学”的原则。利用阳离子表面活性剂的作用,建立了一种非提取光度法测定药物制剂中链霉素(一种对结核病有效的广谱氨基糖苷类抗生素)含量的方法,测定范围为2.1 ~ 87.4 μg/ml。直接光度法测定链霉素的误差不超过5-9%。
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引用次数: 0
The problem of comparative evaluation of paintings created by an artist and generated by a neural network 艺术家创作的画作与神经网络生成的画作的比较评价问题
Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-326-330
Alexander F. Panteleev
Introduction. The role of art in the life of society is to translate humanitarian values. The creator of a truly imaginative work is able to perceive when interacting with the world and embody in his works what may not be in statistics and will probably be relevant for humanity in the future. Theoretical analysis. According to the available data, the pictures aggregated by the neural network and painted by the artist do not differ in subjects. In this paper, an activity-based approach is implemented to assess the differences of such paintings. It is based on the decision of the test subject of the problem associated with the identification of this difference. The difference lies in the method of “translating” the idea of the painting from a symbolic code into a figurative one, objectifying the artist’s attitude to the world, translating humanitarian values in this way. Empirical analysis. In the course of an empirical study, a pairwise comparison of paintings was carried out, as a criterion, the comparison was proposed based on the possible success of the transfer of the artist’s attitude to the world. Conclusion. It was previously stated that the distinction between paintings written by the artist and those generated by the neural network in the conditions of solving a new task for the subject to identify the success of the transfer is problematic.
介绍。艺术在社会生活中的作用是翻译人道主义价值观。一个真正富有想象力的作品的创造者能够在与世界的互动中感知到,并在他的作品中体现出可能不在统计数据中,但可能与未来的人类相关的东西。理论分析。根据现有的数据,由神经网络聚合的图像和艺术家绘制的图像在主题上没有区别。在本文中,基于活动的方法被实施,以评估这些绘画的差异。它是根据被试者的决定对与之相关的问题进行鉴别的,这种差异。不同之处在于将绘画的观念从符号化“翻译”为具象化的方法,将艺术家对世界的态度客观化,以这种方式翻译人道主义价值观。实证分析。在实证研究的过程中,对画作进行了两两比较,作为一种标准,比较是基于艺术家对世界的态度转移的可能成功提出的。结论。之前曾指出,在解决新任务的条件下,艺术家所写的画作与神经网络生成的画作之间的区别是有问题的,以确定转移的成功。
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Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ
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