Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.1177/02685809231217985
Fermín López-Rodríguez, Rodolfo Gutiérrez
The reversal of the gender gap in education has transformed traditional patterns of assortative mating, increasing the number of hypogamous couples. This change has been particularly intense in the case of Spain, a country of great interest due to the ambivalence of strong support for egalitarian attitudes and high proportion of traditional couples. Using quarterly microdata from the Spanish Labour Force Survey, applying generalised ordered-logit models, this research reveals that educational hypogamy increases the probability of occupational hypogamy. This association is consistent with the use of different occupational classifications and levels of disaggregation. But there are some factors that limit the transmission of women’s educational advantages to their occupational levels, mainly gender differences in access to the labour market and an uneven distribution of professional achievements by sex. The findings obtained underline the relevance of using different measures as well as different theoretical approaches to explain seemingly contradictory couple equilibria.
{"title":"Social exchange or reinforcement of women’s educational advantage? The influence of educational assortative mating on occupational assortative mating for couples in Spain","authors":"Fermín López-Rodríguez, Rodolfo Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1177/02685809231217985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231217985","url":null,"abstract":"The reversal of the gender gap in education has transformed traditional patterns of assortative mating, increasing the number of hypogamous couples. This change has been particularly intense in the case of Spain, a country of great interest due to the ambivalence of strong support for egalitarian attitudes and high proportion of traditional couples. Using quarterly microdata from the Spanish Labour Force Survey, applying generalised ordered-logit models, this research reveals that educational hypogamy increases the probability of occupational hypogamy. This association is consistent with the use of different occupational classifications and levels of disaggregation. But there are some factors that limit the transmission of women’s educational advantages to their occupational levels, mainly gender differences in access to the labour market and an uneven distribution of professional achievements by sex. The findings obtained underline the relevance of using different measures as well as different theoretical approaches to explain seemingly contradictory couple equilibria.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":" 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139144880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-28DOI: 10.1177/02685809231214168
Sarah Carol, Lea David, Siniša Malešević, G. Uzelac
To what extent were individuals willing to help others during the pandemic? This article examines pro-social attitudes among 7000 residents in England, Ireland, Germany, Serbia, and Sweden by showing a fictitious scenario of an older neighbour who needs his groceries to be picked up from a nearby supermarket. The online survey experiment follows a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design varying the ethno-religious origin of neighbours signalled by the name (Alexander vs Mohammed), the length of their residence (<1 year, 10 years, entire life), and if groceries, or groceries and beer need to be collected. We find that those of minority origin and those who have spent less than a year in a country are disadvantaged. Overall, religiosity is associated with a lower willingness to help a neighbour.
{"title":"Pro-social attitudes towards ethno-religious out-groups during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey experiment in five countries","authors":"Sarah Carol, Lea David, Siniša Malešević, G. Uzelac","doi":"10.1177/02685809231214168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231214168","url":null,"abstract":"To what extent were individuals willing to help others during the pandemic? This article examines pro-social attitudes among 7000 residents in England, Ireland, Germany, Serbia, and Sweden by showing a fictitious scenario of an older neighbour who needs his groceries to be picked up from a nearby supermarket. The online survey experiment follows a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design varying the ethno-religious origin of neighbours signalled by the name (Alexander vs Mohammed), the length of their residence (<1 year, 10 years, entire life), and if groceries, or groceries and beer need to be collected. We find that those of minority origin and those who have spent less than a year in a country are disadvantaged. Overall, religiosity is associated with a lower willingness to help a neighbour.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"27 1","pages":"113 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139224213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1177/02685809231207035
Tanzina Choudhury, Mohammad Morad, Francesco Dellapuppa
Migration movements from Bangladesh are primarily male-dominated and national policies, as well as the cultural construction in Bangladeshi society are not deemed women-friendly. However, between 1991 and 2021, a total of 921,732 Bangladeshi women have migrated to the so-called ‘Middle Eastern’ countries, especially in Saudi Arabia, to work as domestic workers (maids, babysitters, nurses, caregivers, etc.) and support their families left behind. These female migrant workers experience harsh working conditions and suffer violence and abuse, in Saudi Arabia, by employers and job agencies, including physical and psychological torture, beating, and sexual violence. Based on in-depth interviews with migrant female workers, who were employed in the domestic sector in Saudi Arabia, this article concludes on their labour and social experiences in the country of destination; highlighting the challenges they face there, the violation of human and social rights they suffer, as well as the coping strategies they adopt.
{"title":"Lacerated minds, stolen dreams: Experiences of Bangladeshi women migrants in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Tanzina Choudhury, Mohammad Morad, Francesco Dellapuppa","doi":"10.1177/02685809231207035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231207035","url":null,"abstract":"Migration movements from Bangladesh are primarily male-dominated and national policies, as well as the cultural construction in Bangladeshi society are not deemed women-friendly. However, between 1991 and 2021, a total of 921,732 Bangladeshi women have migrated to the so-called ‘Middle Eastern’ countries, especially in Saudi Arabia, to work as domestic workers (maids, babysitters, nurses, caregivers, etc.) and support their families left behind. These female migrant workers experience harsh working conditions and suffer violence and abuse, in Saudi Arabia, by employers and job agencies, including physical and psychological torture, beating, and sexual violence. Based on in-depth interviews with migrant female workers, who were employed in the domestic sector in Saudi Arabia, this article concludes on their labour and social experiences in the country of destination; highlighting the challenges they face there, the violation of human and social rights they suffer, as well as the coping strategies they adopt.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"72 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135342416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-28DOI: 10.1177/02685809231203196
Caroline Dufy
The food security doctrine was adopted by the Russian Federation in 2010. Developed under the leadership of President Dmitry Medvedev, it established food security as a central component of national security. The concept emerged as an issue of global public debate in response to the 2006–2008 hunger crisis in the Global South. In Russia though, the initial interpretation of the concept, which emphasised the accessibility of food resources, was transformed into a slogan advocating domestic agri-food production. The article examines the Russian case from 2014 to 2022. It analyses how the narrative on food security constructs common goods such as ‘domestic territory’ or ‘food sovereignty’ and its subsequent implications for the prioritisation of certain values (e.g. production, sovereignty), social groups (e.g. producers over consumers), and roles in economic life (e.g. trade). Finally, this article will incorporate an updated analysis of official discourses on food security produced by the government following the invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
{"title":"Food security in times of war: Double discourse and violent conflicts. The case of Russia, 2014–2022","authors":"Caroline Dufy","doi":"10.1177/02685809231203196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231203196","url":null,"abstract":"The food security doctrine was adopted by the Russian Federation in 2010. Developed under the leadership of President Dmitry Medvedev, it established food security as a central component of national security. The concept emerged as an issue of global public debate in response to the 2006–2008 hunger crisis in the Global South. In Russia though, the initial interpretation of the concept, which emphasised the accessibility of food resources, was transformed into a slogan advocating domestic agri-food production. The article examines the Russian case from 2014 to 2022. It analyses how the narrative on food security constructs common goods such as ‘domestic territory’ or ‘food sovereignty’ and its subsequent implications for the prioritisation of certain values (e.g. production, sovereignty), social groups (e.g. producers over consumers), and roles in economic life (e.g. trade). Finally, this article will incorporate an updated analysis of official discourses on food security produced by the government following the invasion of Ukraine in 2022.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"6 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.1177/02685809231205497
Boris Samuel, Beatrice Ferlaino
The Moroccan system of ‘compensation’ subsidises products that are deemed to be important for household purchasing power: butane gas, flour, bread, sugar, and fuel (until 2015). This article offers a historical sociology of this system, which was inaugurated during the colonial period in 1941 and which survived criticism from neoclassical economists working in international financial institutions. It demonstrates that the system’s resilience and the transformations it underwent can be analysed by treating it as a means of exercising power. Subsidies make it possible to involve private actors in governing social issues. It also helps to regulate economic and political rivalries and alliances through market interactions and competitive relationships, including around the King’s Palace. The administrative mechanisms used to calculate the subsidies and the retail prices also shape the relationships between operators in the various sectors, while allowing opaque and rentier management. In addition, despite being the subject of social demand, the compensation system has been criticised by technocrats and protest movements, particularly after the ‘Arab Spring’ revolutions in 2011. The article is based on an analysis of the practical procedures of compensation in the contemporary period, in particular concerning flour and bread, and to a lesser extent butane, as well as on an analysis of the debates and struggles that subsidies has given rise to within Moroccan society, its State administration, and its political parties.
{"title":"The power of price subsidies in Morocco","authors":"Boris Samuel, Beatrice Ferlaino","doi":"10.1177/02685809231205497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231205497","url":null,"abstract":"The Moroccan system of ‘compensation’ subsidises products that are deemed to be important for household purchasing power: butane gas, flour, bread, sugar, and fuel (until 2015). This article offers a historical sociology of this system, which was inaugurated during the colonial period in 1941 and which survived criticism from neoclassical economists working in international financial institutions. It demonstrates that the system’s resilience and the transformations it underwent can be analysed by treating it as a means of exercising power. Subsidies make it possible to involve private actors in governing social issues. It also helps to regulate economic and political rivalries and alliances through market interactions and competitive relationships, including around the King’s Palace. The administrative mechanisms used to calculate the subsidies and the retail prices also shape the relationships between operators in the various sectors, while allowing opaque and rentier management. In addition, despite being the subject of social demand, the compensation system has been criticised by technocrats and protest movements, particularly after the ‘Arab Spring’ revolutions in 2011. The article is based on an analysis of the practical procedures of compensation in the contemporary period, in particular concerning flour and bread, and to a lesser extent butane, as well as on an analysis of the debates and struggles that subsidies has given rise to within Moroccan society, its State administration, and its political parties.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"16 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136262662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1177/02685809231202768
Cristina Cielo, Cristina Vera
In this article, we argue that communities’ relationship to food helps to shape their experiences of crises. The French term la vie chère – dear life – simultaneously invokes affective relations, collective valuations, and high prices, pointing to the importance of all these dimensions in understanding experiences and responses to rising costs of living. In this sense, the ways through which people apprehend and experience the cultivation and consumption of food influence their possibilities for material sustenance. The study compares the role of yuca, a regional word for cassava, in a coastal and in an Amazonian province of Ecuador, in order to shed light on trajectories of social reproduction in contexts of scarcity. Key to the divergent experiences of cassava in these two sites are histories of colonization and exploitation of land and people that shape social and human–nature relations, as well as expert studies that define and reinforce the tuber’s relational role in diverse ecologies.
{"title":"Dear food: Yuca’s relational role in sustaining precarious populations in Ecuador","authors":"Cristina Cielo, Cristina Vera","doi":"10.1177/02685809231202768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231202768","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we argue that communities’ relationship to food helps to shape their experiences of crises. The French term la vie chère – dear life – simultaneously invokes affective relations, collective valuations, and high prices, pointing to the importance of all these dimensions in understanding experiences and responses to rising costs of living. In this sense, the ways through which people apprehend and experience the cultivation and consumption of food influence their possibilities for material sustenance. The study compares the role of yuca, a regional word for cassava, in a coastal and in an Amazonian province of Ecuador, in order to shed light on trajectories of social reproduction in contexts of scarcity. Key to the divergent experiences of cassava in these two sites are histories of colonization and exploitation of land and people that shape social and human–nature relations, as well as expert studies that define and reinforce the tuber’s relational role in diverse ecologies.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1177/02685809231202412
Florent Bédécarrats, Flore Dazet, Isabelle Guérin, Mireille Razafindrakoto, François Roubaud
This article studies the production and meaning of price indicators in Madagascar, a post-colonial context characterized by a weak state, the prominence of international aid, and repeated food crises. We observe a profusion of indicators, data, and analyses related to prices. Such profusion illustrates not only different meanings of the cost of living but also fragmented economies and a fragmented mode of government in which nongovernmental organizations and international organizations play a leading role. Whatever their efforts, these initiatives struggle to capture the specific features of the cost of living in a context where the subsistence economy remains hardly convertible into numbers. Our analysis confirms the close links between statistical production and modes of government. The Malagasy Consumer Price Index coexists with many disparate initiatives aimed to cope with inequalities and emergencies, reflecting a country in the throes of repeated political, economic, and social crises.
{"title":"Tracking the cost of living, for whom and at what price? A political economy of price indicators in Madagascar","authors":"Florent Bédécarrats, Flore Dazet, Isabelle Guérin, Mireille Razafindrakoto, François Roubaud","doi":"10.1177/02685809231202412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231202412","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the production and meaning of price indicators in Madagascar, a post-colonial context characterized by a weak state, the prominence of international aid, and repeated food crises. We observe a profusion of indicators, data, and analyses related to prices. Such profusion illustrates not only different meanings of the cost of living but also fragmented economies and a fragmented mode of government in which nongovernmental organizations and international organizations play a leading role. Whatever their efforts, these initiatives struggle to capture the specific features of the cost of living in a context where the subsistence economy remains hardly convertible into numbers. Our analysis confirms the close links between statistical production and modes of government. The Malagasy Consumer Price Index coexists with many disparate initiatives aimed to cope with inequalities and emergencies, reflecting a country in the throes of repeated political, economic, and social crises.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.1177/02685809231200892
María Clara Hernández, Mariana Luzzi
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, in a significant part of the world, the cost of living has once again become a central issue in the agenda of both governments and populations. However, in some countries, inflation has been a distinctive feature of the economy for more than a decade, which the pandemic has only exacerbated. Argentina is one of these countries. Based on a 4-year qualitative investigation carried out among low- and middle-income households in a mid-sized city in Buenos Aires province and complemented by observations made among senior households in the same province during the pandemic, this article seeks two purposes: on one hand, to analyze how price rise appears in people’s concerns when we focus on domestic economies and, on the other, to account for the ways of measuring inflation and evaluating its impacts on such economies. The document intends to contribute to the construction of a perspective on inflation that is attentive to how people act and think about the economy in their everyday lives.
{"title":"Coping with inflation: Social perceptions and ordinary measures of price increases in contemporary Argentina","authors":"María Clara Hernández, Mariana Luzzi","doi":"10.1177/02685809231200892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231200892","url":null,"abstract":"Since the COVID-19 pandemic, in a significant part of the world, the cost of living has once again become a central issue in the agenda of both governments and populations. However, in some countries, inflation has been a distinctive feature of the economy for more than a decade, which the pandemic has only exacerbated. Argentina is one of these countries. Based on a 4-year qualitative investigation carried out among low- and middle-income households in a mid-sized city in Buenos Aires province and complemented by observations made among senior households in the same province during the pandemic, this article seeks two purposes: on one hand, to analyze how price rise appears in people’s concerns when we focus on domestic economies and, on the other, to account for the ways of measuring inflation and evaluating its impacts on such economies. The document intends to contribute to the construction of a perspective on inflation that is attentive to how people act and think about the economy in their everyday lives.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.1177/02685809231199678
Sari Hanafi
In the first quarter of the twenty-first century, the entangled pathologies of late modernity are increasingly revealing themselves in a simultaneous: (1) emergence of authoritarianism in the South and Right populism in the North that is gaining momentum year after year; (2) rising trends of inequality, precarity, and exclusion; and (3) hierarchical social polarizations are emerging in more and more societies. How do, and how should, the social sciences, and particularly sociology, react to these pathologies of late modernity? I would argue that the bulk of the responses of the social sciences and/or sociology to these pathologies are defined as being classically liberal but politically illiberal – I call this peculiar combination ‘Symbolic Liberalism’. To address the inherent problems with Symbolic Liberalism and as an alternative to it, I propose Dialogical Sociology as a form of balance between collective and individual political liberal project.
{"title":"Toward a dialogical sociology: Presidential address – XX ISA World Congress of Sociology 2023","authors":"Sari Hanafi","doi":"10.1177/02685809231199678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231199678","url":null,"abstract":"In the first quarter of the twenty-first century, the entangled pathologies of late modernity are increasingly revealing themselves in a simultaneous: (1) emergence of authoritarianism in the South and Right populism in the North that is gaining momentum year after year; (2) rising trends of inequality, precarity, and exclusion; and (3) hierarchical social polarizations are emerging in more and more societies. How do, and how should, the social sciences, and particularly sociology, react to these pathologies of late modernity? I would argue that the bulk of the responses of the social sciences and/or sociology to these pathologies are defined as being classically liberal but politically illiberal – I call this peculiar combination ‘Symbolic Liberalism’. To address the inherent problems with Symbolic Liberalism and as an alternative to it, I propose Dialogical Sociology as a form of balance between collective and individual political liberal project.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135483846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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