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Wenkai Sun, Population and Labor Market Policies in China’s Reform Process 孙文凯:中国改革进程中的人口与劳动力市场政策
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/02685809231194166a
Barbara Darimont
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引用次数: 0
From Peaceful Civil Movement to Civil War and Sectarian Polarization: A Critical Review of Kevin Mazur’s Revolution in Syria: Identity, Networks, and Repression 从和平的公民运动到内战和宗派两极化:对凯文·马祖尔的《叙利亚革命:身份、网络和镇压》的批判性评论
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/02685809231194134
Housamedden Darwish
This critical review delves into Kevin Mazur’s latest publication, Revolution in Syria: Identity, Networks, and Repression (2021), which scrutinizes the transformation of a peaceful civil movement into a civil war characterized by ethnic divisions. The review offers a comprehensive assessment of Mazur’s approach to answering the pivotal question: How did the Syrian conflict evolve along ethnic lines? Spanning 306 pages, the book’s central premise revolves around the notion that the Syrian uprising’s evolution into an ethnicized conflict can be attributed to a confluence of factors, with the predominant catalyst being the ethnically exclusive nature of the incumbent political regime. Of particular interest in this review is the emphasis on the sectarian or ethnic perspective – a prominent lens used to analyse the political and societal landscapes of the Islamicate Arab world. Mazur’s ethno-sectarian perspective, commendably, avoids succumbing to primordial essentialism. However, this review contends that a critical appraisal is warranted regarding Mazur’s conceptualization of Syrians’ identities solely through religious, ethnic, or sectarian affiliations. Similarly, the presumption that these affiliations inherently explain attitudes towards both the ruling regime and the uprising against it raises valid concerns. One notable critique lies in the characterization of Syrians within Mazur’s narrative. Strikingly, absent are depictions of Syrians as a unified populace, individual actors or civic entities. This stems from the book’s classification framework, which hinges on two primary criteria: an ethnic-sectarian criterion and a local or regional one. This duality, while serving analytical purposes, potentially undermines the complexity and diversity inherent within Syrian society. In conclusion, this review acknowledges the significant contributions of Mazur’s book, recognizing its role in shedding light on the ethnicized trajectory of the Syrian conflict. Nonetheless, it urges cautious contemplation of the assumptions underpinning the ethnic-sectarian perspective. The book’s dual classification approach warrants critical consideration for its potential to oversimplify the multifaceted nature of Syrian identities. Thus, while appreciating the book’s value, this review underscores the need to acknowledge its limitations in fostering a comprehensive understanding of the Syrian conflict’s intricate dynamics.
这篇批评性评论深入探讨了凯文·马祖的最新出版物《叙利亚革命:身份、网络和镇压》(2021),该书审视了和平内战向以种族分裂为特征的内战的转变。该审查对马祖回答关键问题的方法进行了全面评估:叙利亚冲突是如何沿着种族路线演变的?这本书长达306页,其核心前提围绕着这样一个概念,即叙利亚起义演变为种族化冲突可以归因于多种因素的汇合,主要的催化剂是现任政治政权的种族排他性。这篇综述特别感兴趣的是对宗派或种族视角的强调,这是一个用于分析伊斯兰化阿拉伯世界政治和社会景观的突出视角。值得称赞的是,马祖的种族-教派观点避免了屈服于原始本质主义。然而,这篇综述认为,有必要对马祖尔仅通过宗教、种族或教派关系对叙利亚人身份的概念化进行批判性评价。同样,假设这些从属关系从本质上解释了对统治政权和反对它的起义的态度,这引发了合理的担忧。一个值得注意的批评在于马祖叙事中对叙利亚人的刻画。引人注目的是,没有将叙利亚人描绘成一个统一的民众、个人行动者或公民实体。这源于该书的分类框架,该框架取决于两个主要标准:种族-教派标准和地方或地区标准。这种双重性在起到分析作用的同时,可能会破坏叙利亚社会固有的复杂性和多样性。最后,这篇评论承认了马祖的书的重大贡献,承认了它在揭示叙利亚冲突的种族化轨迹方面的作用。尽管如此,它还是敦促谨慎地思考支持种族-教派观点的假设。这本书的双重分类方法值得认真考虑,因为它可能过于简单化叙利亚身份的多方面性质。因此,在赞赏这本书的价值的同时,这篇评论强调了承认其在促进对叙利亚冲突复杂动态的全面理解方面的局限性的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Michael Burawoy, Public Sociology Michael Burawoy,公共社会学
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/02685809231194135a
P. Baert
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引用次数: 0
Terje Ostebo (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Islam in Africa Terje Ostebo(编辑),《Routledge非洲伊斯兰教手册》
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/02685809231194135b
Adfer Rashid Shah
Third, even if we agree with the principle of public sociology, does it really need to be encouraged or promoted within the academy? Given, as acknowledged by Burawoy, that there is already public sociology conducted elsewhere, why would we need to embark upon this exercise within a university and professional research setting? How would, for instance, academic recruitment be affected by Burawoy’s stance? If we were to follow his stance, should we recruit junior academics whose political commitments (and political associations) align with ours? Should we evaluate students’ work (including PhDs) on a similar basis? One can see that this easily leads to a problematic and at worst sectarian academic culture. Fourth, there is a broader methodological issue, one that is intimately connected to Burawoy’s insistence that public sociologists are supposed to learn as much from the publics that they serve, as these publics do from them. If this is indeed his position and that of his fellow public sociologists, then various questions arise. Most importantly, how reliable is this ‘local’ knowledge generated by the public(s) and how do public sociologists evaluate this knowledge? Would it not be vital, especially in some circumstances, for public sociologists to take critical distance from his knowledge provided by their public(s)? Similarly, what distinguishes expertise in the social sciences from the knowledge generated by the publics?
第三,即使我们认同公共社会学的原则,它真的需要在学院内部被鼓励或推广吗?鉴于,正如Burawoy所承认的,已经有公共社会学在其他地方进行,为什么我们需要在大学和专业研究环境中开始这项工作?例如,布拉威的立场将如何影响学术招聘?如果我们要遵循他的立场,我们是否应该招募政治承诺(和政治协会)与我们一致的年轻学者?我们是否应该在类似的基础上评估学生的工作(包括博士学位)?我们可以看到,这很容易导致一种有问题的、最坏的情况下是宗派主义的学术文化。第四,还有一个更广泛的方法论问题,这个问题与burawy坚持认为公共社会学家应该从他们所服务的公众那里学到的东西一样多,就像这些公众从他们那里学到的一样多。如果这确实是他和其他公共社会学家的立场,那么各种各样的问题就出现了。最重要的是,公众产生的“本地”知识有多可靠?公共社会学家如何评估这些知识?尤其在某些情况下,公共社会学家与公众提供的知识保持临界距离,这难道不是至关重要的吗?同样,是什么将社会科学的专业知识与公众产生的知识区别开来?
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引用次数: 0
Class structure without politics or history? 没有政治或历史的阶级结构?
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/02685809231194130
Lauri von Pfaler
This review essay considers Vivek Chibber’s social theory of capitalism critically and develops some of the themes that a historicist social theory of capitalist stability should integrate theoretically. I start by outlining Chibber’s notable book and present its key claim about the materiality and primacy of class structure in terms of economic decision-making. I then point out the limits and antinomies of structural theory as a historical explanation, sketch the contours of a historicist methodology and provide examples of three political phenomena that are irreducible to the class structure but that have been central for the reproduction of capitalism. The final section considers the political consequences of my historicist criticism of Chibber.
本文对齐伯的资本主义社会理论进行了批判性的思考,并从理论上提出了资本主义稳定的历史主义社会理论应该整合的一些主题。我首先概述了Chibber的著名著作,并提出了其关于阶级结构在经济决策方面的重要性和首要性的关键主张。然后,我指出了结构理论作为历史解释的局限性和矛盾性,勾勒出历史主义方法论的轮廓,并举例说明了三种政治现象,这些现象与阶级结构不可分割,但却是资本主义再生产的核心。最后一节考虑了我对奇伯的历史主义批评的政治后果。
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引用次数: 0
Diane Vaughan, Dead Reckoning: Air Traffic Control, System Effects, and Risk 黛安·沃恩,《航位推算:空中交通管制、系统效应和风险》
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/02685809231194166
Daniel Little
Her ethnographic research leads her to a key conclusion: the fundamental factor providing resilience to the air traffic control system is the embodied socio-cognitive capacities and problem-solving abilities of the air traffic controllers themselves. Vaughan’s method is that of sociological ethnography. She examines the nature of the workplace, the inter-actor practices and relationships that exist in a control tower, and the rules and values that govern the culture of the controllers’ work lives. This approach requires immersion in the working lives and workspaces of the specialist controllers who are the object of her study. Her fieldwork was remarkably intensive and extended, involving lengthy periods of ‘participant-observer’ research at four Boston-area traffic control facilities. Her results derive from several different research activities: structured and unstructured interviews of participants, surveys of a larger number of individuals working within the air traffic control system, and her own annotated observations of activities, events, and practices within the control rooms themselves. Vaughan establishes that the controllers operate on the basis of constantly updated mental models of the airspace they are controlling, projecting forward the locations of the aircraft in their space. She refers to this cognitive capacity as ‘ethno-cognition’ and a specialized kind of ‘interpretive work’. Much of her research time was devoted to observing this situated social cognition in action in several air traffic control centers, and in seeking to understand the processes through which ordinary men and women gain the specialized embodied cognitive skills to be effective air traffic controllers. 1194166 ISS0010.1177/02685809231194166International SociologyReviews: Organizations and Labour review-article2023
她的人种学研究使她得出了一个关键的结论:空中交通管制系统提供弹性的基本因素是空中交通管制员自身体现的社会认知能力和解决问题的能力。沃恩的方法是社会学民族志。她研究了工作场所的本质,控制塔中存在的行动者之间的实践和关系,以及控制控制者工作生活文化的规则和价值观。这种方法需要沉浸在作为她研究对象的专业控制者的工作生活和工作空间中。她的实地工作非常密集和广泛,包括在波士顿地区的四个交通控制设施进行长时间的“参与者-观察者”研究。她的研究结果来源于几个不同的研究活动:对参与者的结构化和非结构化访谈,对空中交通管制系统内大量工作人员的调查,以及她自己对控制室内活动、事件和实践的注释观察。沃恩认为,管制员的操作是建立在他们所控制空域的不断更新的心理模型的基础上的,并预测出飞机在他们控制的空域中的位置。她将这种认知能力称为“民族认知”和一种特殊的“解释工作”。她的大部分研究时间都致力于观察这种社会认知在几个空中交通管制中心的作用,并试图理解普通男女获得专业具体化认知技能以成为有效空中交通管制员的过程。1194166 iss0010.1177 /02685809231194166国际社会学评论:组织和劳动评论-文章2023
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引用次数: 0
徐宗阳 [Xu Zongyang], 内外有别:资本下乡的社会基础 [Varied Attitudes Toward Insiders and Outsiders: The Social Context of Capital Going to the Countryside] 徐宗阳 [Xu Zongyang], 内外有别:资本下乡的社会基础 [Varied Attitudes Toward Insiders and Outsiders: The Social Context of Capital Going to the Countryside]
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/02685809231194165
Hanze Xu
Recently, the value of rural Chinese areas has become increasingly prominent with the abolition of agricultural taxes, reform of rural land policy, and emphasis on rural agriculture in national policymaking. This has attracted more industrial and commercial enterprises to invest in and develop these areas, a trend known as ‘capital going to the countryside’. This has become a new phenomenon in rural China and is the empirical phenomenon on which the book focuses. Varied Attitudes Toward Insiders and Outsiders: The Social Context of Capital Going to the Countryside explores the social logic of capital going to the countryside based on an investigation of a corporate farm’s living conditions after moving to the northern Chinese countryside. Why is the industrial and commercial capital that funds agricultural operations in the countryside prone to slow progress? What difficulties and problems are prominent in these entrepreneurial farms ? What are the specific mechanisms and reasoning behind this phenomenon? These are the core issues that the book addresses. Unlike prior literature, which has attributed the failure of capital going to the countryside to issues related to supervision, incentives, and funds, Xu regards it as the bumpy interaction between external capital and rural society and summarizes it as an action logic of ‘varied attitudes toward insiders and outsiders’. In the literature review in chapter 2, Xu first examines the phenomenon of capital going to the countryside based on the macroscopic structural background of China’s urbanization model and government behavior transformation. After the tax-sharing reform, Chinese local governments’ transformation from operating businesses to operating land and the return of a significant number of resources and projects to the countryside have provided opportunities for capital to go to the countryside. Xu suggests that the outsider plight resulting from this phenomenon cannot be understood simply as a business management problem. Instead, we should probe into corporate behavior’s cultural, value, and ethical aspects and uncover the ingrained concepts behind interactions between farmers and business operators (p. 41). 1194165 ISS0010.1177/02685809231194165International SociologyReview: Economic Sociology review-article2023
近年来,随着农业税的取消、农村土地政策的改革以及国家政策对农村农业的重视,中国农村的价值越来越突出。这吸引了更多的工商企业投资开发这些地区,这一趋势被称为“资本下乡”。这已经成为中国农村的一个新现象,也是本书关注的实证现象。内外态度的变化:资本下乡的社会语境基于对一个企业农场迁移到中国北方农村后的生活状况的调查,探讨了资本下乡社会逻辑。为什么为农村农业经营提供资金的工商资本往往进展缓慢?这些创业农场突出存在哪些困难和问题?这种现象背后的具体机制和原因是什么?这些都是本书所涉及的核心问题。与以往文献将资本下乡的失败归因于监管、激励和资金等问题不同,徐将其视为外部资本与农村社会的坎坷互动,并将其概括为“内外态度不同”的行动逻辑。在第二章的文献综述中,徐首先从中国城市化模式和政府行为转变的宏观结构背景出发,考察了资本下乡现象。分税制改革后,中国地方政府从经营企业向经营土地的转变,以及大量资源和项目向农村的回归,为资本下乡提供了机会。徐认为,这种现象造成的外来者困境不能简单地理解为企业管理问题。相反,我们应该探究企业行为的文化、价值和道德方面,并揭示农民和企业经营者之间互动背后根深蒂固的概念(第41页)。1194165 ISS0010.1177/02685809231194165国际社会学评论:经济社会学评论-文章2023
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引用次数: 0
Jennifer Carlson, Merchants of the Right: Gun Sellers and the Crisis of American Democracy 詹妮弗·卡尔森:《右翼商人:枪支销售者与美国民主危机》
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/02685809231194154a
David Yamane
Economist Intelligence (2023) Democracy Index 2022: Frontline Democracy and the Battle for Ukraine. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited. Fukuyama F (2012) The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution. London: Profile Books. Olson M (2000) Power and Prosperity: Outgrowing Communist and Capitalist Dictatorships. New York: Basic Books. Rachman G (2022) The Age of the Strongman: How the Cult of the Leader Threatens Democracy around the World. New York: Other Press. Schluchter W (1985) Aspekte bürokratischer Herrschaft: Studien zur Interpretation der fortschreitenden Industriegesellschaft. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. Weber M (2005) Max Weber-Gesamtausgabe, Band I/22,4: Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Herrschaft (ed E Hanke and T Kroll). Tübingen: Mori Siebeck.
经济学人智库(2023)2022年民主指数:前线民主与乌克兰之战。伦敦:经济学人智库有限公司。福山F(2012)《政治秩序的起源:从史前时代到法国大革命》。伦敦:简介书。奥尔森M(2000)《权力与繁荣:日益壮大的共产主义和资本主义独裁统治》。纽约:基础书籍。拉赫曼G(2022)《强人时代:领袖邪教如何威胁世界各地的民主》。纽约:其他出版社。Schluchter W(1985)Aspekte bürokratischer Herrschaft:工业研究院解释研究。美因河畔法兰克福:苏尔坎普。Weber M(2005)Max Weber Gesamtausgabe,第I/22,4级:Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft。Herrschaft(编辑E Hanke和T Kroll)。图宾根:莫里·西贝克。
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引用次数: 0
Socorro: Persistent bricoleurs at the urban margins 索科罗:城市边缘持久的花砖匠
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-24 DOI: 10.1177/02685809231183332
Javier Auyero, Sofía Servián
This article examines the ways in which the urban poor in Argentina help one another in the arduous task of making ends meet when neither the formal labor market nor state welfare policies are able to secure their subsistence. Drawing on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, the article makes one substantive, one analytic, and one theoretical claim. Substantively, the article argues by way of empirical illustration that the urban poor are hardworking bricoleurs. Analytically, the article demonstrates the advantages of studying poor people’s strategies in a simultaneously historic and ethnographic fashion through joint collaborative fieldwork. Theoretically, the article pushes toward replacing the notions of ‘strategy of survival or subsistence’ with the more encompassing notion of ‘strategy of persistence’.
本文探讨了阿根廷城市贫困人口在正式劳动力市场和国家福利政策都无法保障其生存的情况下,如何在维持生计的艰巨任务中相互帮助。在长期的民族志田野调查的基础上,本文提出了一个实质性的、一个分析性的和一个理论性的主张。从本质上讲,文章通过实证的方式论证了城市穷人是勤劳的小工匠。从分析角度来看,这篇文章展示了通过联合合作实地调查,同时以历史和民族志的方式研究穷人战略的优势。从理论上讲,这篇文章试图用更全面的“坚持策略”概念取代“生存或生存策略”的概念。
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引用次数: 0
Digital-social construction of willingness to pay in online marketplace: Economic sociology of the digital functional food market in Indonesia 在线市场中支付意愿的数字社会建构:印尼数字功能性食品市场的经济社会学
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-24 DOI: 10.1177/02685809231183328
Ahmad Fauzi, S. Hardjosoekarto, Radhiatmoko Radhiatmoko, O. Herwantoko, Darwan Darwan, Ewina Efriani Manik, Zainur Romli
This study explores the phenomenon of digital-social construction in the form of anonymous transactions, asymmetric information, and unlimited access in online marketplace. The study was conducted by processing digital data of 5131 comments, descriptions, and rating records of 1988 IDs of functional food products sold at Bukalapak, one of the largest marketplaces in Indonesia. Using Python and Google Studio software, digital-social interactions are mapped and visualized based on four conceptual frameworks of economic sociology, namely social embeddedness of market, product standardization, intersubjective construction of symbolic value, and willingness to pay. This study marks a new chapter in the study of contemporary economic sociology, in which conventional conceptual frameworks are applied to uncover digital market phenomena using research methods that fully process and analyze big data in the business field.
本研究探讨线上市场中以匿名交易、资讯不对称、无限存取等形式呈现的数位社会建构现象。该研究是通过处理在Bukalapak(印度尼西亚最大的市场之一)销售的功能性食品的1988个id的5131个评论、描述和评级记录的数字数据进行的。利用Python和谷歌Studio软件,基于经济社会学的四个概念框架,即市场的社会嵌入性、产品标准化、符号价值的主体间性构建和支付意愿,对数字社会互动进行了映射和可视化。本研究标志着当代经济社会学研究的新篇章,该研究采用传统的概念框架,利用充分处理和分析商业领域大数据的研究方法,揭示数字市场现象。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Sociology
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