Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1177/02685809221108625
Jorge Atria, J. Alfaro, Magdalena Tapia, R. Frei
Faced with the COVID-19 pandemic, authorities have had to announce health, economic, financial, and social measures. The way in which these actors communicate is crucial and points to the collective meanings that are transmitted when dealing with the pandemic. The discourses used are designed with different frameworks and narratives to have broad appeal, so as to convince the public about the government’s performance in managing the crisis and to obtain respect and obedience. Based on a qualitative analysis of 238 official speeches from five continents delivered between March and May 2020, this article contributes to the analysis of the pandemic with regard to two axes that underlie the speeches in other crises of this magnitude: appeals for solidarity and references to a war context. The results show that in this pandemic, the discourses have been deployed through these axes, reinforcing collective memories and national identities as sources to activate patriotic feelings and sustain implemented measures.
{"title":"Pandemic patriotism: Official speeches in the face of the global COVID-19 crisis","authors":"Jorge Atria, J. Alfaro, Magdalena Tapia, R. Frei","doi":"10.1177/02685809221108625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809221108625","url":null,"abstract":"Faced with the COVID-19 pandemic, authorities have had to announce health, economic, financial, and social measures. The way in which these actors communicate is crucial and points to the collective meanings that are transmitted when dealing with the pandemic. The discourses used are designed with different frameworks and narratives to have broad appeal, so as to convince the public about the government’s performance in managing the crisis and to obtain respect and obedience. Based on a qualitative analysis of 238 official speeches from five continents delivered between March and May 2020, this article contributes to the analysis of the pandemic with regard to two axes that underlie the speeches in other crises of this magnitude: appeals for solidarity and references to a war context. The results show that in this pandemic, the discourses have been deployed through these axes, reinforcing collective memories and national identities as sources to activate patriotic feelings and sustain implemented measures.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"37 1","pages":"439 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41937032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1177/02685809221111890
R. Flecha, Carmen Elboj Saso, Elisabeth Torras-Gómez, M. Joanpere
There is a wide and rich literature about how neoliberalism is promoting the budgetary cuts to science and universities, especially to the critical sectors, such as the social sciences. There is scarce literature on the analysis of the role of sociology in the internal processes and debates on the elaboration of the scientific programs of research. Focusing on the European programs of research, this article analyzes how sociology is leading the new requirements of social impact and co-creation. The result of this analysis shows the great opportunity for sociology to get an unprecedented acknowledgment and valorization from society and all sciences, including those which had not been previously interested in sociology.
{"title":"The time of dialogic sociology","authors":"R. Flecha, Carmen Elboj Saso, Elisabeth Torras-Gómez, M. Joanpere","doi":"10.1177/02685809221111890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809221111890","url":null,"abstract":"There is a wide and rich literature about how neoliberalism is promoting the budgetary cuts to science and universities, especially to the critical sectors, such as the social sciences. There is scarce literature on the analysis of the role of sociology in the internal processes and debates on the elaboration of the scientific programs of research. Focusing on the European programs of research, this article analyzes how sociology is leading the new requirements of social impact and co-creation. The result of this analysis shows the great opportunity for sociology to get an unprecedented acknowledgment and valorization from society and all sciences, including those which had not been previously interested in sociology.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"37 1","pages":"457 - 474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48111858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1177/02685809221109041
M. Zafirovski
The study focuses on the relation of economic inequality and political democracy, specifically exploring the democratic consequences of income concentration. It places income concentration among a composite of factors of democracy and considers democracy within a set of results of economic inequality. The study first surveys how the relationship of income and other economic inequality to democracy is theorized and researched in sociology and economics. It then outlines a conceptual framework for analyzing economic inequality’s relationship with and especially net balance of consequences for democracy. It collects and analyzes cross-national data by empirical analyses and reports and discusses the results. Its key result is that income inequality is consequential mostly in an adverse way for political democracy and social freedom. The article’s intended contribution is to better understanding and explaining the relations of economic inequality to democracy among contemporary societies.
{"title":"Consequences of income concentration for democratic processes in contemporary Western and comparable societies: Evidence for OECD countries, 2017–2019","authors":"M. Zafirovski","doi":"10.1177/02685809221109041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809221109041","url":null,"abstract":"The study focuses on the relation of economic inequality and political democracy, specifically exploring the democratic consequences of income concentration. It places income concentration among a composite of factors of democracy and considers democracy within a set of results of economic inequality. The study first surveys how the relationship of income and other economic inequality to democracy is theorized and researched in sociology and economics. It then outlines a conceptual framework for analyzing economic inequality’s relationship with and especially net balance of consequences for democracy. It collects and analyzes cross-national data by empirical analyses and reports and discusses the results. Its key result is that income inequality is consequential mostly in an adverse way for political democracy and social freedom. The article’s intended contribution is to better understanding and explaining the relations of economic inequality to democracy among contemporary societies.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"37 1","pages":"515 - 541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45631308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1177/02685809221095912
A. Atahau, Cheng-Wen Lee, D. D. Kesa, A. Huruta
Local wisdom is increasingly crucial to preserve rural societies’ self-confidence and solidarity spirits in boosting economic growth. Notwithstanding the success of microfinance groups in East Sumba, Indonesia, the problem related to a small capital base exists. In this respect, adhering to local wisdom likely develops social entrepreneurship to strengthen the microfinance group’s capital base. This research investigates how local wisdom affects social entrepreneurship and microfinance sustainability. Data are collected by distributing questionnaires to microfinance stakeholders and analyzing the partial least squares-structural equation model. The findings show that local wisdom plays an essential role in social entrepreneurship development to ensure the stability of microfinance. In other words, rural microfinance sustainability can perform the mediating role as hypothesized. It implies that policy-making by the local government related to social enterprise development and microfinance sustainability may consider local wisdom. Thus, all stakeholders need to create conducive environments to increase the development of social entrepreneurship.
{"title":"Developing social entrepreneurship in rural areas: A path mediation framework","authors":"A. Atahau, Cheng-Wen Lee, D. D. Kesa, A. Huruta","doi":"10.1177/02685809221095912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809221095912","url":null,"abstract":"Local wisdom is increasingly crucial to preserve rural societies’ self-confidence and solidarity spirits in boosting economic growth. Notwithstanding the success of microfinance groups in East Sumba, Indonesia, the problem related to a small capital base exists. In this respect, adhering to local wisdom likely develops social entrepreneurship to strengthen the microfinance group’s capital base. This research investigates how local wisdom affects social entrepreneurship and microfinance sustainability. Data are collected by distributing questionnaires to microfinance stakeholders and analyzing the partial least squares-structural equation model. The findings show that local wisdom plays an essential role in social entrepreneurship development to ensure the stability of microfinance. In other words, rural microfinance sustainability can perform the mediating role as hypothesized. It implies that policy-making by the local government related to social enterprise development and microfinance sustainability may consider local wisdom. Thus, all stakeholders need to create conducive environments to increase the development of social entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"37 1","pages":"475 - 495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46074320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-25DOI: 10.1177/02685809221094687
O. Ulybina, Laia Pi Ferrer, Pertti Alasuutari
When Covid-19 broke out, many interpreted it as a crisis that would lead to fundamental changes in different areas of life. The article aims to assess whether this also applies to intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). By analysing the websites of a sample of intergovernmental organizations, we ask: How did the Covid-19 pandemic affect the behaviour of intergovernmental organizations? How can one explain this behaviour of intergovernmental organizations in response to such a major exogenous event as the Covid-19 pandemic? How can the Covid-19 pandemic be best conceptualized in terms of its impact on intergovernmental organizations? We show that the responses of intergovernmental organizations to the Covid-19 pandemic had two important features: (a) intergovernmental organizations responded in a synchronized way, and (b) the pandemic triggered wide-spread non-major adaptations to the changed environment, providing opportunities for legitimation work and minor repackaging of existing activities, but has not led to noticeable transformational change in organizations’ activities. We argue that the observed intergovernmental organization’s responses can be explained partly from rational-choice perspective and partly from sociological institutionalist perspective. Given our data, we argue that the pandemic can be conceptualized as an uncertainty shock, in terms of its impact on intergovernmental organizations.
{"title":"Intergovernmental organizations in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic: Organizational behaviour in crises and under uncertainty","authors":"O. Ulybina, Laia Pi Ferrer, Pertti Alasuutari","doi":"10.1177/02685809221094687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809221094687","url":null,"abstract":"When Covid-19 broke out, many interpreted it as a crisis that would lead to fundamental changes in different areas of life. The article aims to assess whether this also applies to intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). By analysing the websites of a sample of intergovernmental organizations, we ask: How did the Covid-19 pandemic affect the behaviour of intergovernmental organizations? How can one explain this behaviour of intergovernmental organizations in response to such a major exogenous event as the Covid-19 pandemic? How can the Covid-19 pandemic be best conceptualized in terms of its impact on intergovernmental organizations? We show that the responses of intergovernmental organizations to the Covid-19 pandemic had two important features: (a) intergovernmental organizations responded in a synchronized way, and (b) the pandemic triggered wide-spread non-major adaptations to the changed environment, providing opportunities for legitimation work and minor repackaging of existing activities, but has not led to noticeable transformational change in organizations’ activities. We argue that the observed intergovernmental organization’s responses can be explained partly from rational-choice perspective and partly from sociological institutionalist perspective. Given our data, we argue that the pandemic can be conceptualized as an uncertainty shock, in terms of its impact on intergovernmental organizations.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"37 1","pages":"415 - 438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42129552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.1177/02685809221103486
M. L. Meilvang, A. Blok, M. D. Lindstrøm, I. K. Pedersen
The literature on professions, drawing on both sociological and management approaches, has recently turned its focus to the transnational scale. In this article, building on Andrew Abbott’s work on professional jurisdictions, we analyze the way transnational resources come to play a role in local professional claims-making and work practices in the inter-professional struggle over jurisdiction. Comparing case studies set in Denmark into three emerging professional jurisdictions, our analysis shows that professional segments claiming new work tasks engage actively in scaling work that attempts to ‘rescale’ the jurisdiction to fit their own professional projects and claims. We find that scaling practices consist of three different ways professionals invest in transnational resources: organizational avatars, new work regulations and prescriptions, and symbolic legitimacy. These ways in which professionals transform transnational resources into claims used in local professionals situations result in different outcomes for the professional segments involved.
{"title":"Professional scaling work: How professional segments claim new jurisdictions in a world of trans-local connections","authors":"M. L. Meilvang, A. Blok, M. D. Lindstrøm, I. K. Pedersen","doi":"10.1177/02685809221103486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809221103486","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on professions, drawing on both sociological and management approaches, has recently turned its focus to the transnational scale. In this article, building on Andrew Abbott’s work on professional jurisdictions, we analyze the way transnational resources come to play a role in local professional claims-making and work practices in the inter-professional struggle over jurisdiction. Comparing case studies set in Denmark into three emerging professional jurisdictions, our analysis shows that professional segments claiming new work tasks engage actively in scaling work that attempts to ‘rescale’ the jurisdiction to fit their own professional projects and claims. We find that scaling practices consist of three different ways professionals invest in transnational resources: organizational avatars, new work regulations and prescriptions, and symbolic legitimacy. These ways in which professionals transform transnational resources into claims used in local professionals situations result in different outcomes for the professional segments involved.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"37 1","pages":"496 - 514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42602867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.1177/02685809221084447
A. Korzh
Formerly incarcerated women face multidimensional barriers post-release, ranging from individual, relational, institutional, to systemic. Drawing on the conceptual framework of interlocking barriers facing formerly incarcerated women, this qualitative case study set in one minimum-security prison in Ukraine with 21 interviewed women, four teachers, and eight staff demonstrates that interlocking systemic barriers cemented in Ukrainian society complicate formerly incarcerated women’s integration in society and may set them up for failure and recidivism. The study illuminates how the absence of housing, employment and discrimination, stigma, inadequate support system, lack of economic and cultural capital to pursue further education, and health challenges confronting incarcerated women post-release disadvantage the already vulnerable population in Ukraine. The findings of this study contribute to the field of sociology by highlighting the interlocking barriers confronting women post-incarceration and elucidating a gendered approach to understanding women’s reentry experiences in Ukraine.
{"title":"‘You have been punished in prison. And then when you are released, you are punished for life’: Post-incarceration barriers for women in Ukraine","authors":"A. Korzh","doi":"10.1177/02685809221084447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809221084447","url":null,"abstract":"Formerly incarcerated women face multidimensional barriers post-release, ranging from individual, relational, institutional, to systemic. Drawing on the conceptual framework of interlocking barriers facing formerly incarcerated women, this qualitative case study set in one minimum-security prison in Ukraine with 21 interviewed women, four teachers, and eight staff demonstrates that interlocking systemic barriers cemented in Ukrainian society complicate formerly incarcerated women’s integration in society and may set them up for failure and recidivism. The study illuminates how the absence of housing, employment and discrimination, stigma, inadequate support system, lack of economic and cultural capital to pursue further education, and health challenges confronting incarcerated women post-release disadvantage the already vulnerable population in Ukraine. The findings of this study contribute to the field of sociology by highlighting the interlocking barriers confronting women post-incarceration and elucidating a gendered approach to understanding women’s reentry experiences in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"37 1","pages":"373 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44768754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/02685809221102697b
David J. Borrelli
Zenonas Norkus is professor of comparative historical sociology at the Institute of Sociology and Social Work, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, Lithuania. His most recent book publications are Two Twenty-Year Periods of Independence: Capitalism, Class and Democracy in the First and Second Republics of Lithuania (2014) and An Unproclaimed Empire the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (2017). Address: Institute of Sociology and Social Work, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, Universiteto 9/1, LT-01513 Vilnius, Lithuania. Email: zenonas.norkus@fsf.vu.lt
{"title":"David John Frank and John W Meyer, The University and the Global Knowledge Society","authors":"David J. Borrelli","doi":"10.1177/02685809221102697b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809221102697b","url":null,"abstract":"Zenonas Norkus is professor of comparative historical sociology at the Institute of Sociology and Social Work, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, Lithuania. His most recent book publications are Two Twenty-Year Periods of Independence: Capitalism, Class and Democracy in the First and Second Republics of Lithuania (2014) and An Unproclaimed Empire the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (2017). Address: Institute of Sociology and Social Work, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, Universiteto 9/1, LT-01513 Vilnius, Lithuania. Email: zenonas.norkus@fsf.vu.lt","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"37 1","pages":"243 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46412320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/02685809221102715a
K. Desjarlais-deKlerk
Bernd Baldus studied at the universities of Cologne and Kiel (Germany) and the University of California at Los Angeles. He wrote his dissertation on a slave-holding society in Benin, West Africa. He has taught for many years at the University of Toronto. His research and publications focused on the evolution of social structures, especially the growth and consolidation of inequality. His most recent work in this area is Baldus B (2017) Origins of Inequality in Human Societies New York: Routledge. Address: Professor Emeritus, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, 437 Montrose Avenue, Toronto, ON M6G 3H2, Canada. Email: bernd.baldus@utoronto.ca
{"title":"Gregg M Olsen, Poverty and Austerity amid Prosperity: A Comparative Introduction","authors":"K. Desjarlais-deKlerk","doi":"10.1177/02685809221102715a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809221102715a","url":null,"abstract":"Bernd Baldus studied at the universities of Cologne and Kiel (Germany) and the University of California at Los Angeles. He wrote his dissertation on a slave-holding society in Benin, West Africa. He has taught for many years at the University of Toronto. His research and publications focused on the evolution of social structures, especially the growth and consolidation of inequality. His most recent work in this area is Baldus B (2017) Origins of Inequality in Human Societies New York: Routledge. Address: Professor Emeritus, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, 437 Montrose Avenue, Toronto, ON M6G 3H2, Canada. Email: bernd.baldus@utoronto.ca","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"37 1","pages":"262 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44289706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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