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Fear of crime in the context of gender and ambivalent sexism in Turkey 土耳其性别背景下的犯罪恐惧和矛盾的性别歧视
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1177/02685809221141009
Burcu Türk, Nurcan Hamzaoglu, Aslı Yayak, G. Şenyuva
In this study, the relationships between gender perceptions and ambivalent sexism were examined based on the fear of crime of the participants over 18. In this context, participants responded to the questions of the sociodemographic survey, gender perception scale, ambivalent sexism inventory, and fear of crime scale. According to the findings, the female participants were more frequently the victims of crime than men and more often exposed to hate crimes, sexual harassment, and domestic violence. Besides, the mean score of women’s fear of crime scale was found to be significantly higher than that of men. The mean score of the gender perception scale of female participants was significantly higher than that of men. A positive and significant relationship was found between the scores of gender perception and fear of crime scales. In other words, as gender perception increases, the fear of being a victim of a crime also increases.
在这项研究中,基于18岁以上参与者对犯罪的恐惧,研究了性别观念和矛盾的性别歧视之间的关系。在这方面,参与者回答了社会人口调查、性别认知量表、矛盾的性别歧视清单和对犯罪的恐惧量表等问题。根据调查结果,女性参与者比男性更经常成为犯罪的受害者,更经常遭受仇恨犯罪、性骚扰和家庭暴力。此外,女性对犯罪的恐惧程度的平均得分显著高于男性。女性参与者的性别感知量表平均得分显著高于男性。性别认知得分与对犯罪的恐惧量表之间存在着积极而显著的关系。换言之,随着性别认知的增加,对成为犯罪受害者的恐惧也在增加。
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引用次数: 0
Teaching under opportunism: The predicament of academic tutors in China 机会主义教学:中国学术导师的困境
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.1177/02685809221140321
Dongdong Pan, Yisu Zhou
Academic tutoring as a supplementary form of education has quickly spread across China. Tutoring has attracted young college-educated practitioners and has become a highly organized industry. The industry is fast-churning and opportunistic. This article examines the nature of tutors’ work using the qualitative data of 31 tutors and their managers in Beijing. Characteristics of tutoring are typical of precarious service labor with irregular work schedules, blurred work–life boundaries, and artificial emotional labor. However, we also found that tutors’ work was constrained by their invisible neighbor, schoolteachers, in a linked professional ecology. Tutors have limited jurisdiction over daily tasks and perform reactionary teaching based on school subjects. This lack of control has allowed the industry to rationalize their work, making tutors disposable. Our research offers new insights into the linked professions of tutors and schoolteachers. It enriches the concept of precarious and opportunistic labor practices from the sociology of professions perspective.
学术辅导作为一种补充教育形式在中国迅速普及。家教吸引了受过大学教育的年轻从业者,并已成为一个高度组织化的行业。这个行业发展迅速,投机取巧。本文利用北京市31位导师及其管理者的定性数据,对导师的工作性质进行了检验。家教的特点是不稳定的服务性劳动,工作时间不规律,工作与生活的界限模糊,以及人为的情绪劳动。然而,我们也发现,在一个相互关联的职业生态中,导师的工作受到他们看不见的邻居——学校教师的约束。导师对日常任务的管辖权有限,并根据学校科目进行反动教学。这种缺乏控制的局面使得家教行业将他们的工作合理化,使家教成为一次性的。我们的研究为家庭教师和学校教师的相关职业提供了新的见解。它从职业社会学的角度丰富了不稳定和机会主义劳动实践的概念。
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引用次数: 1
Lack of ‘common sense’ in the climate change debate: Media behaviour and climate change awareness in the UK 气候变化辩论缺乏“常识”:英国的媒体行为和气候变化意识
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-23 DOI: 10.1177/02685809221138356
Maria Laura Ruiu, Gabriele Ruiu, Massimo Ragnedda
Based on an online survey conducted among a representative sample in the United Kingdom (n = 1013), this article investigates the role of traditional and new media in predicting climate change awareness. It suggests that individuals make choices under an ideological convincement that is organised within specific cultural and political-economic boundaries. It shows that the Gramscian concept of cultural hegemony is still valuable to make sense of an incessant process of formation and fragmentation of equilibria between social groups. Interpreting hegemony as a not totalitarian communicative process also suggests that the media represent a ground for counterhegemonies to flourish and trigger political transformation. This study constructs two indexes of both scepticism and advocacy of climate change by showing some traits of these two perspectives in the United Kingdom. It also shows that the division between sceptics and advocates’ convincement is not ‘black and white’, but a transitional space exists between hegemonic and counter-hegemonic forces.
基于对英国代表性样本进行的在线调查(n = 1013),本文调查了传统媒体和新媒体在预测气候变化意识方面的作用。它表明,个人在特定的文化和政治经济边界内组织的意识形态说服下做出选择。这表明,葛兰西文化霸权的概念对于理解社会群体之间不断形成和分裂的平衡过程仍然很有价值。将霸权解释为一个非极权主义的传播过程也表明,媒体代表了反霸权蓬勃发展并引发政治变革的基础。本研究通过展示英国对气候变化的怀疑和倡导这两种观点的一些特点,构建了这两个指数。这也表明,怀疑论者和倡导者的说服力之间的分歧不是“黑白”的,而是霸权力量和反霸权力量之间存在的过渡空间。
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引用次数: 0
Governing value(s) and organizing through standards 通过标准管理价值和组织
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/02685809221133055
A. Loconto, N. Arnold
Standards are strongly intertwined with values in economic contexts, which goes far beyond economic value. Standards’ diversity is expressed in local spaces where standards are made, put into action, circulate and commensurate. In these mutually linked and globally distributed spaces, we can analyze the ways in which standards and value(s) encounter each other and what consequences this brings for individuals, organizations, communities, and societies. Examining different settings of food production and organization brings new insights into the sociological explanations and understandings of how standards are guided by values and create value(s). These insights highlight new tensions between global and local social dynamics and offer two ways forward for the sociology of standards. First, is the importance of intermediation between the values of the standards and the governance effects of these same standards. Second, is the relevance of valuelessness, where the prioritization of some values devalues others or loses them completely.
在经济背景下,标准与价值观紧密交织在一起,这远远超出了经济价值。标准的多样性体现在标准制定、实施、流通和相称的地方空间中。在这些相互联系和全球分布的空间中,我们可以分析标准和价值彼此相遇的方式,以及这会给个人、组织、社区和社会带来什么后果。检查食品生产和组织的不同设置带来了新的见解社会学的解释和理解标准是如何由价值和创造价值的指导。这些见解突出了全球和地方社会动态之间的新紧张关系,并为标准社会学提供了两条前进的道路。首先,是标准的价值和这些标准的治理效果之间的中介的重要性。其次是无价值的相关性,即某些价值的优先级降低了其他价值或完全失去了它们。
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引用次数: 2
Health as an emerging value in the construction of quality of berries in Huelva (Spain) 健康是韦尔瓦(西班牙)浆果质量建设中的一个新兴价值
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-08 DOI: 10.1177/02685809221115960
Carmen Mozo, Juana Moreno Nieto, Alicia Reigada
This article examines how health is constructed as an emerging value of quality standards in intensive agriculture in the province of Huelva (Spain) with a specific focus on the health and welfare of female seasonal migrant workers. Based on an ethnographic approach, the research draws on two sources: an analysis of Global G.A.P. quality standards documentation and qualitative in-depth interviews with four key social actors, including local producers, social and professional organisations, healthcare professionals and migrant women working on seasonal contracts. Drawing on theoretical contributions from convention theory and the socio-anthropological approach of political economy, the study identified imbalances between the meanings and practices around health and safety. Principally, the study concludes that norms established by quality standards focus almost exclusively on consumers’ health while neglecting the health costs and inequalities experienced by female agricultural workers.
本文探讨了健康是如何在韦尔瓦省(西班牙)集约农业中被构建为一种新兴的质量标准价值的,特别关注女性季节性移民工人的健康和福利。基于人种学方法,该研究利用了两个来源:对全球G.A.P.质量标准文件的分析,以及对四个关键社会参与者的定性深入采访,包括当地生产者、社会和专业组织、医疗保健专业人员和季节性合同工作的移民妇女。该研究借鉴了传统理论和政治经济学的社会人类学方法的理论贡献,确定了健康和安全的含义和实践之间的不平衡。主要是,该研究得出结论,质量标准制定的规范几乎只关注消费者的健康,而忽视了女性农业工人所经历的健康成本和不平等。
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引用次数: 1
Values and the making of standards in ‘sustainable’ coffee networks: The case of 4C and Nestlé in México “可持续”咖啡网络的价值观和标准制定:以4C和雀巢雀巢在墨西哥的案例
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-08 DOI: 10.1177/02685809221119289
M. Renard
The ‘sustainable’ coffee industry has experienced steady expansion in recent decades, due to the emerging demand and values of consumers. Coffee corporations have invested in this market segment, participating in multi-stakeholder initiatives through which they seek to control the definitions of sustainability and to secure the supply chain. After highlighting the ambiguity of the concept of sustainability, the article analyzes the impacts of the 4C code of conduct adopted by Nestlé, in the context of Mexico’s growing coffee crisis. It highlights the existing dissonance between the sustainability proclaimed by the code of conduct and the reality in the coffee producing regions of Mexico where Nestlé sources 4C certified coffee. It concludes that the application of this code is far from adhering to the values of economic, social, and environmental sustainability that it claims to defend.
近几十年来,由于消费者的新需求和价值观,“可持续”咖啡行业经历了稳步扩张。咖啡公司已经在这个细分市场进行了投资,参与了多方利益相关者的倡议,通过这些倡议,他们寻求控制可持续性的定义,并确保供应链的安全。在强调了可持续性概念的模糊性之后,文章分析了雀巢雀巢在墨西哥日益严重的咖啡危机背景下采用的4C行为准则的影响。它强调了行为准则所宣称的可持续性与墨西哥咖啡产区的现实之间存在的不协调,雀巢雀巢从这些地区采购4C认证咖啡。它的结论是,该准则的应用远远没有坚持其声称捍卫的经济、社会和环境可持续性的价值观。
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引用次数: 1
Being and becoming (of/with) Burawoy: An anxious apprehension of public sociology in South Asia Burawoy的存在与发展:南亚公共社会学的焦虑忧虑
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/02685809221138018
D. Pathak
Reading public sociology with Burawoy amounts to an engagement with the process of being and becoming a sociologist. The blending of text and context offers a hermeneutics in which theory and theorist are political actors striving for dialectic of utopia and anti-utopia. In such a scheme this article turns inward to the context of sociology and anthropology in South Asia to adjudge the limits and possibility of public sociology.
与Burawoy一起阅读公共社会学相当于参与成为社会学家的过程。文本与语境的交融提供了一种解释学,理论和理论家是追求乌托邦与反乌托邦辩证法的政治行动者。在这样一个方案中,本文转向南亚社会学和人类学的语境,来判断公共社会学的局限性和可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Carceral KC and Flaherty MG, The Cage of Days: Time and Temporal Experience in Prison KC和Flaherty MG的尸体,《天的牢笼》:监狱中的时间和时间体验
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/02685809221138462d
J. Subrt
political impact, but stresses that Mi Meng had to shut down her business because of concerns by officials. The chapter offers a nuanced discussion of the interplay between political and economic concerns of an important Internet user that supports the network of visibility approach of Shaohua Guo’s book with many details. The book’s strength lies in the collection of large amounts of data into representative snapshots of specific developments of the Internet in China. In particular, the sections on Furong Jiejie, Mu Zimei, Han Han and Mi Meng are worth reading for the breadth and depth of materials presented. The book is let down, though, by the many mistakes and omissions it contains. User statistics are quoted without dates, historical developments are presented with mixed up timelines, the text contains numerous factual errors, ultimately rendering it unreliable as a source of knowledge about the general evolution of the Internet in China.
但她强调,由于官员的担忧,米萌不得不关闭自己的企业。本章细致入微地讨论了一位重要互联网用户的政治和经济问题之间的相互作用,并提供了许多细节来支持郭书中的网络可见性方法。这本书的优势在于收集了大量数据,形成了中国互联网具体发展的代表性快照。尤其是《芙蓉结》、《穆子梅》、《韩寒》和《芈梦》的章节,材料的广度和深度都值得一读。然而,这本书因其所包含的许多错误和疏漏而令人失望。引用用户统计数据时没有日期,历史发展的时间线混乱,文本中包含许多事实错误,最终使其成为中国互联网总体发展的不可靠信息来源。
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引用次数: 1
Sociology of homosexuality in twenty-first-century China 21世纪中国同性恋社会学
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/02685809221138137
Muyuan Luo, Tan Li, Junpeng Shi
This review provides a critical exploration of four key books in sociology of homosexuality published in mainland China since 2000, namely Wei Wei’s Going Public (2012), Queering Chinese Society (2015), Xiaoxing Fu’s Space, Culture and Performance (2012), and Qingfeng Wang’s Homosexuality Studies (2017). We identify three important themes from the books: space, family, and identity. Based on this, we demonstrate two characteristics of the sociology of homosexuality in twenty-first-century China, with its focus on the theoretical potentials of the Chinese case and its combination of sociological perspectives and multidisciplinary approaches.
本综述对2000年以来中国大陆出版的四本同性恋社会学重点书籍进行了批判性探索,即魏巍的《走向公众》(2012)、《追寻中国社会》(2015)、傅的《空间、文化与表演》(2012年)和王的《同性恋研究》(2017)。我们从书中确定了三个重要的主题:空间、家庭和身份。在此基础上,我们展示了21世纪中国同性恋社会学的两个特点,即关注中国案件的理论潜力,以及社会学视角和多学科方法的结合。
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引用次数: 0
Martin Crotty, Neil J Diamant, and Mark Edele, The Politics of Veteran Benefits in the Twentieth Century: A Comparative History 马丁·克罗蒂,尼尔·J·迪亚曼特,马克·埃德尔,《二十世纪退伍军人福利的政治:比较历史》
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/02685809221138462b
Wade P. Smith
interviews that are very intelligently included in each chapter of the book according to the topic under consideration. In these interviews, Ezzatyar opens up very interesting dimensions for the reader with the questions he raises. The third point is that this book in spite of a lot of academic information, is very suitable for non-academic readers too, and even at the beginning of the book, all the words that may be unfamiliar to the reader are explained in the glossary section, and the interviews that given an attractive dimension to the book, making it attractive for non-academic readers too and even regarding the pictures and graphs of the book, it should be said that the few pictures and diagrams given in the book are very appropriate and help a lot to the reader’s visual understanding and provide statistical information about migration. The number of graphs is not so large as to confuse the reader by providing too much statistical information but is only used in parts that convey the necessary statistical information more easily. Since a large population of Jews in Israel is made up of Iranian Jews, and however, due to the wide-ranging political problems that the two governments of Iran and Israel have with each other, the identity crisis among this immigrant group can be studied and discussed, which the writer shortly mentions in some parts of the book, but it creates questions for further studies in the minds of the readers. In fact, this book can be a stepping stone to extensive sociological, political, ideological, and religious research on the Iranian diaspora in Israel. It can be said that this book for all those who are interested in studying migrations, diasporas, the Middle East, and social and political subjects, can be recognized as a valuable resource.
根据所考虑的主题,在书的每一章中都非常明智地包含采访。在这些采访中,Ezzatyar用他提出的问题为读者打开了非常有趣的维度。第三点是,尽管这本书有很多学术信息,但它也非常适合非学术读者,即使在书的开头,读者可能不熟悉的所有单词都在词汇表部分进行了解释,采访为这本书提供了一个有吸引力的维度,这本书对非学术读者也很有吸引力,甚至就书中的图片和图表而言,应该说,书中给出的少数图片和图表非常恰当,有助于读者的视觉理解,并提供有关移民的统计信息。图表的数量不会太多,因为提供了太多的统计信息而使读者感到困惑,而是只用于更容易传达必要统计信息的部分。由于以色列的大量犹太人是由伊朗犹太人组成的,然而,由于伊朗和以色列两国政府之间存在广泛的政治问题,可以研究和讨论这个移民群体中的身份危机,作者在书的某些部分很快提到了这一点,但它在读者心中产生了进一步研究的问题。事实上,这本书可以成为对以色列伊朗侨民进行广泛的社会学、政治、意识形态和宗教研究的垫脚石。可以说,这本书对于所有有兴趣研究移民、散居者、中东以及社会和政治主题的人来说,都是一本宝贵的资源。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Sociology
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