International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology最新文献_第2页

Neural underpinnings of a two-phase memory suppression process in the neural response to self-related and observed perspective views 自我相关视角和观察视角神经反应中两阶段记忆抑制过程的神经基础

IF 5.3 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100509

Xinwei Song , Qi Liu , Xiaodong Zhang , Can Liu , Chunmei Lan , Xiaolu Zhang , Ting Xu , Ran Zhang , Keith M. Kendrick , Benjamin Becker , Weihua Zhao

Individuals often actively suppress intrusive memories to alleviate the distress they cause and maintain mental well-being. However, those with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often exhibit difficulties particularly in inhibiting or suppressing negative memories compared to individuals without PTSD. These memories can involve a physical threat either to the individual themselves or to others. Unfortunately, there is still limited understanding of the cognitive and neural mechanisms that underlie how suppression differs for self-related versus other-related memories. Here we capitalized on multivariate pattern analyses in combination with fMRI data acquired during a two-phase memory suppression paradigm where participants volitionally suppressed and subsequently recognized self-related and other-related stimuli. The results suggested that the recognition process following memory suppression demands more cognitive engagement for self-related stimuli than other-related stimuli, manifesting in increased activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Furthermore, after memory suppression, we observed a stronger functional coupling between dACC identified during memory suppression, and both the middle frontal gyrus and the insula during self-related recognition compared to other-related recognition. An advanced multivariate pattern analysis substantiated that the limbic system and empathy network particularly contributed to accurately distinguishing between self-related and other-related recognition following memory suppression. Our findings demonstrated distinct neural representations of memory suppression related to self and others, suggesting that different strategies may be employed for suppressing intrusive memories originating from different sources.

个人通常会积极抑制侵入性记忆，以减轻其带来的痛苦并保持心理健康。然而，与没有创伤后应激障碍的人相比，患有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的人在抑制或压制负面记忆方面往往表现得尤为困难。这些记忆可能涉及对自己或他人的身体威胁。遗憾的是，人们对自我相关记忆和他人相关记忆的抑制有何不同的认知和神经机制的了解仍然有限。在这里，我们利用多变量模式分析，结合在两阶段记忆抑制范式中获得的 fMRI 数据，让参与者自愿抑制并随后识别自我相关和他人相关的刺激。结果表明，记忆抑制后的识别过程中，自我相关刺激比其他相关刺激需要更多的认知参与，表现为背侧前扣带回皮层（dACC）的活动增加。此外，在记忆抑制后，我们观察到在记忆抑制过程中识别出的 dACC 与在自我相关识别过程中识别出的额叶中回和岛叶之间的功能耦合比与其他相关识别过程中的功能耦合更强。一项先进的多元模式分析证实，边缘系统和移情网络尤其有助于在记忆抑制后准确区分自我相关识别和他人相关识别。我们的研究结果表明，与自我和他人相关的记忆抑制有不同的神经表征，这表明在抑制来自不同来源的侵入性记忆时可能会采用不同的策略。

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引用次数: 0

The shared neurobiological basis of developmental dyslexia and developmental stuttering: A meta-analysis of functional and structural MRI studies 发育性阅读障碍和发育性口吃的共同神经生物学基础：功能性和结构性核磁共振成像研究的荟萃分析

IF 5.3 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100519

Huan Ren , Yi zhen Li , Hong-Yan Bi , Yang Yang

Background

Developmental dyslexia (DD) and persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) are the most representative written and spoken language disorders, respectively, and both significantly hinder life success. Although widespread brain alterations are evident in both DD and PDS, it remains unclear to what extent these two language disorders share common neural substrates.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis of task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies of PDS and DD were conducted to explore the shared functional and anatomical alterations across these disorders.

Results

The results of fMRI studies indicated shared hypoactivation in the left inferior temporal gyrus and inferior parietal gyrus across PDS and DD compared to healthy controls. When examined separately for children and adults, we found that child participants exhibited reduced activation in the left inferior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, precentral gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus, possibly reflecting the universal causes of written and spoken language disorders. In contrast, adult participants exhibited hyperactivation in the right precentral gyrus and left cingulate motor cortex, possibly reflecting common compensatory mechanisms. Anatomically, the analysis of VBM studies revealed decreased gray matter volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus across DD and PDS, which was exclusively observed in children. Finally, meta-analytic connectivity modeling and brain-behavior correlation analyses were conducted to explore functional connectivity patterns and related cognitive functions of the brain regions commonly involved in DD and PDS.

Conclusions

This study identified concordances in brain abnormalities across DD and PDS, suggesting common neural substrates for written and spoken language disorders and providing new insights into the transdiagnostic neural signatures of language disorders.

背景发育性诵读困难（DD）和持续性发育性口吃（PDS）分别是最具代表性的书面和口语语言障碍，两者都严重阻碍了人生的成功。方法对基于任务的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和基于体素的形态测量（VBM）研究进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析，以探讨发育性阅读障碍和持续性发育性口吃的共同功能和解剖学改变。结果fMRI研究结果表明，与健康对照组相比，PDS和DD患者的左侧颞下回和顶叶下回存在共同的低激活现象。在对儿童和成人进行分别检查时，我们发现儿童参与者的左侧颞下回、顶叶下回、前中央回、颞中回和额下回的激活减少，这可能反映了书面和口语障碍的普遍原因。相比之下，成年参与者的右侧中央前回和左侧扣带运动皮层则表现出过度激活，这可能反映了共同的补偿机制。从解剖学角度看，VBM 研究分析表明，DD 和 PDS 患者的左侧额叶下回灰质体积减少，而这只在儿童中观察到。最后，研究人员还进行了元分析连接建模和大脑行为相关性分析，以探讨DD和PDS常见脑区的功能连接模式和相关认知功能。

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引用次数: 0

Examining efficacy and potential mechanisms of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxiety and stress reduction among college students in a cluster-randomized controlled trial 通过分组随机对照试验，研究正念认知疗法对大学生减轻焦虑和压力的疗效和潜在机制

IF 5.3 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100514

Oksana K. Ellison , Lauren E. Bullard , Gloria K. Lee , Spiridoula Vazou , Karin A. Pfeiffer , Shelby E. Baez , Matthew B. Pontifex

The pervasiveness of anxiety and stress among college students necessitates the investigation of potential alternative and accessible interventions which can be implemented into existing curricular and student-support programming to improve students' mental health. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) smartphone applications have shown promising outcomes in alleviating anxiety and stress. However, it is essential to gain insight into the feasibility and efficacy of such an interventional approach in a collegiate population, as well as explore potential underlying mechanisms, which could be better targeted to enhance the efficacy of future interventions for promoting mental health and well-being. The aims for this study were (1) to assess the efficacy of a 4-week MBCT intervention using the Sanvello smartphone application in reducing trait-level anxiety and chronic stress in college-aged young adults (n = 150) compared to a positive control group (n = 139), and (2) to examine potential mediators of this effect. Participants completed assessments of trait anxiety, chronic stress, cognitive reappraisal, cognitive refocusing, distractive refocusing, and negative automatic thoughts at pretest and following 4 weeks of the interventions. Analysis of primary outcomes revealed greater reductions in trait anxiety and chronic stress for the MBCT group, relative to the positive control group with small to moderate effect sizes. The anxiolytic and stress-reducing effects of the MBCT intervention were observed to be mediated by changes in negative automatic thoughts but not by changes in cognitive reappraisal, constructive refocusing, or distractive refocusing. Given the efficacy of the Sanvello smartphone application and the overwhelmingly strong assessments of the appropriateness and feasibility of it use; student support initiatives may be well served by adopting such a platform within the context of first-line treatment and prevention of high anxiety and chronic stress within first year college students. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov [number NCT06019299].

大学生普遍存在焦虑和压力，因此有必要研究潜在的替代性干预措施，并将其纳入现有的课程和学生支持计划，以改善学生的心理健康。基于正念认知疗法（MBCT）的智能手机应用程序在缓解焦虑和压力方面取得了可喜的成果。然而，我们有必要深入了解这种干预方法在大学生群体中的可行性和有效性，并探索潜在的内在机制，以便更好地提高未来干预措施对促进心理健康和幸福感的功效。本研究的目的是：(1) 评估使用 Sanvello 智能手机应用程序进行的为期 4 周的 MBCT 干预疗法与积极对照组（139 人）相比，在降低大学生群体（150 人）的特质焦虑水平和慢性压力方面的效果；(2) 研究这种效果的潜在中介因素。参与者在干预前和干预 4 周后完成了对特质焦虑、慢性压力、认知重估、认知重新聚焦、分散注意力重新聚焦和消极自动想法的评估。对主要结果的分析表明，与积极对照组相比，MBCT 组在特质焦虑和慢性压力方面的减少幅度更大，其效应大小为小到中等。据观察，MBCT 干预的抗焦虑和减压效果是由消极的自动想法的变化所介导的，而不是由认知重新评估、建设性重新聚焦或分散注意力重新聚焦的变化所介导的。鉴于 Sanvello 智能手机应用程序的功效，以及对其使用适当性和可行性的压倒性评价；在一线治疗和预防大学一年级学生的高度焦虑和慢性压力的背景下，采用这样的平台可能会很好地为学生支持计划服务。已在 ClinicalTrials.gov 注册[编号 NCT06019299]。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of open-skill and closed-skill exercise on subthreshold depression in female adolescents: A randomized controlled trial 开放式技能锻炼和封闭式技能锻炼对女性青少年阈下抑郁的影响：随机对照试验

IF 5.3 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100512

Qian Gu , Xingzhong Zhao , Lili Lin , Wei-Peng Teo , Libin Liu , Shiwei Yuan

Background

Subthreshold depression (SD) affects a significant proportion of adolescent females, posing a risk of major depression in later life. This study examines the effects of open-skill exercise (OSE) and closed-skill exercise (CSE) on SD, executive function (EF), and emotional states in female adolescents.

Methods

A double-blind randomized controlled trial involved 95 female adolescents (mean age = 16.73 ± 0.42 years) with SD symptoms. Participants were assigned to OSE, CSE, or control (CON) groups and underwent an 8-week exercise program. Primary outcomes were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), with secondary outcomes including EF tasks and emotional assessments. Differences were examined using generalized linear mixed models with intention-to-treat and multiple imputation.

Results

Both OSE and CSE significantly reduced depressive symptoms, with CSE showing greater improvement. EF assessments showed enhanced cognitive flexibility and working memory in both exercise groups at 4 weeks, and superior inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility in the CSE group at 8 weeks. Emotional assessments indicated a notable reduction in negative emotions in the CSE group after 8 weeks.

Conclusions

Both OSE and CSE reduce SD symptoms in female adolescents, with CSE providing more sustained benefits for EF and emotional states. Further research on exercise interventions for mental health is warranted.

Trial registration number: ChiCTR2400081139

背景阈下抑郁症（SD）影响着很大一部分青少年女性，并为她们日后的生活带来了患上重度抑郁症的风险。本研究探讨了开放式技能锻炼（OSE）和封闭式技能锻炼（CSE）对女性青少年的阈值下抑郁、执行功能（EF）和情绪状态的影响。方法一项双盲随机对照试验涉及 95 名有阈值下抑郁症状的女性青少年（平均年龄 = 16.73 ± 0.42 岁）。参与者被分配到 OSE 组、CSE 组或对照组（CON），并接受为期 8 周的锻炼计划。主要结果采用贝克抑郁量表（BDI-13）和流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）进行评估，次要结果包括EF任务和情绪评估。结果OSE和CSE都能显著减轻抑郁症状，其中CSE的改善幅度更大。EF评估显示，在4周时，两个锻炼组的认知灵活性和工作记忆能力都有所提高，而在8周时，CSE组的抑制控制能力和认知灵活性更胜一筹。结论：OSE 和 CSE 都能减轻女性青少年的 SD 症状，其中 CSE 对 EF 和情绪状态的改善更为持久。有必要对运动干预心理健康进行进一步研究：试验注册号：ChiCTR2400081139

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引用次数: 0

A longitudinal study on the change of eating disorder-specific and nonspecific habits during weight rehabilitation in anorexia nervosa 厌食症患者体重康复过程中饮食失调特异性和非特异性习惯变化的纵向研究

IF 5.3 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100522

Maria Seidel , Marie-Louis Wronski , Fabio Bernardoni , Julius Hennig , Nico Poller , Annekatrin Locke , Evelina Stender , Susanne Heckel , Veit Roessner , Stefan Ehrlich

Background

Patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) are characterized by rigid behavioral patterns and habit-like routines, especially regarding food intake. It has been hypothesized that habits contribute to the maintenance of AN-related symptoms. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the role of disorder-specific and nonspecific habits during weight-restoration treatment

Method

In this longitudinal study, we examined the frequency of habits using ecological momentary assessment in 44 adolescent patients with AN who were undergoing inpatient nutritional rehabilitation. All patients had two data collection periods: baseline at admission, and follow-up shortly before discharge from treatment. An age-matched healthy control group was included to assess normalization at follow-up

Results

Analyses revealed a significant decrease in food-intake and hygiene-related habit frequency from baseline to follow-up. Furthermore, at follow-up habit frequency of both categories no longer differed between AN and controls. Moreover, the degree of reduction of food intake habits was predictive of weight gain at follow-up

Conclusion

These findings may suggest that habitual behaviors are state factors, mainly present during the acute phase of the disorder, which advances our understanding of the habit hypothesis in AN. Changing such behaviors may be important for weight restoration, highlighting the potential value of interventions targeting habits.

背景神经性厌食症（AN）患者的特点是刻板的行为模式和习惯性作息，尤其是在食物摄入方面。据推测，习惯有助于维持厌食症相关症状。在这项纵向研究中，我们采用生态学瞬间评估方法，对 44 名正在接受住院营养康复治疗的青少年厌食症患者的习惯频率进行了调查。所有患者都有两个数据收集期：入院时的基线和出院前不久的随访。结果分析表明，从基线到随访期间，食物摄入和卫生相关习惯的频率显著下降。此外，在随访中，自闭症患者和对照组在这两类习惯的频率上不再存在差异。结论：这些发现可能表明，习惯性行为是一种状态因素，主要存在于自闭症的急性期，这有助于我们理解自闭症患者的习惯假说。改变这些行为可能对体重恢复很重要，这凸显了针对习惯进行干预的潜在价值。

{"title":"A longitudinal study on the change of eating disorder-specific and nonspecific habits during weight rehabilitation in anorexia nervosa","authors":"Maria Seidel , Marie-Louis Wronski , Fabio Bernardoni , Julius Hennig , Nico Poller , Annekatrin Locke , Evelina Stender , Susanne Heckel , Veit Roessner , Stefan Ehrlich","doi":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) are characterized by rigid behavioral patterns and habit-like routines, especially regarding food intake. It has been hypothesized that habits contribute to the maintenance of AN-related symptoms. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the role of disorder-specific and nonspecific habits during weight-restoration treatment</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In this longitudinal study, we examined the frequency of habits using ecological momentary assessment in 44 adolescent patients with AN who were undergoing inpatient nutritional rehabilitation. All patients had two data collection periods: baseline at admission, and follow-up shortly before discharge from treatment. An age-matched healthy control group was included to assess normalization at follow-up</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Analyses revealed a significant decrease in food-intake and hygiene-related habit frequency from baseline to follow-up. Furthermore, at follow-up habit frequency of both categories no longer differed between AN and controls. Moreover, the degree of reduction of food intake habits was predictive of weight gain at follow-up</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings may suggest that habitual behaviors are state factors, mainly present during the acute phase of the disorder, which advances our understanding of the habit hypothesis in AN. Changing such behaviors may be important for weight restoration, highlighting the potential value of interventions targeting habits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47673,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Article 100522"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender disparities in attitudes, norms, and perceived control related to intentional condomless sexual intercourse: A psychosocial theory-driven comparison among cisgender heterosexual male and female college varsity athletes in Taiwan 与故意无套性交有关的态度、规范和感知控制的性别差异：以心理社会理论为导向，比较台湾大学校队男女运动员的性别差异

IF 5.3 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100504

Jiun-Hau Huang , Fang-Yu Li , Chia-Hsien Hsu

Background

While condom use has been extensively studied as a protective behavior, research directly focusing on condomless sexual intercourse (CSI) as a distinct and intentional risk behavior, particularly regarding gender differences, remains scarce.

Methods

Building upon the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study addresses this gap by comparing TPB factors and individual TPB items regarding intentional CSI among cisgender heterosexual college varsity athletes in Taiwan (N = 1348).

Results

High CSI intention was more prevalent among men (53.6 %) than women (31.7 %). Our expanded TPB framework identified five distinct TPB factors pertaining to attitudes, norms, and perceived control. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that all five TPB factors were significantly associated with CSI intention among men, but only three among women. Notably, our factor analysis differentiated attitudes toward positive/negative outcomes of CSI and perceived control under facilitating/constraining conditions, revealing attitudes toward positive outcomes of CSI as the strongest driver of CSI intention among both men (AOR = 2.51–4.09) and women (AOR = 3.79–5.71). Further analysis of TPB items disclosed that men prioritized psychological pleasure (AOR = 2.18), whereas women exhibited a “partner-centered” tendency, emphasizing trust by sex partners (AOR = 3.43).

Conclusions

Overall, men exhibited more favorable views toward CSI than women, with gender differences evident in the differential associations of varying TPB factors and items with CSI intention. Future research could explore the development of these differential attitudes, norms, and perceived control concerning CSI. Given the modifiable nature of TPB variables, our study’s insights can inform actionable strategies and targeted interventions tailored for young men and women.

背景虽然安全套的使用作为一种保护性行为已被广泛研究，但直接关注无套性交（CSI）作为一种独特的有意风险行为的研究，尤其是关于性别差异的研究仍然很少。方法本研究以计划行为理论（TPB）为基础，通过比较 TPB 因子和单个 TPB 项目，研究了台湾大学校队运动员（N = 1348）的无套性交意向，从而弥补了这一空白。结果男性（53.6%）的无套性交意向高于女性（31.7%）。我们的扩展 TPB 框架确定了与态度、规范和感知控制有关的五个不同的 TPB 因素。多变量逻辑回归分析表明，在男性中，所有五个 TPB 因子都与 CSI 意愿有显著关联，但在女性中，只有三个因素与 CSI 意愿有显著关联。值得注意的是，我们的因子分析区分了对 CSI 积极/消极结果的态度以及在促进/限制条件下的感知控制，结果显示，对 CSI 积极结果的态度是男性（AOR = 2.51-4.09）和女性（AOR = 3.79-5.71）CSI 意向的最强驱动力。对 TPB 项目的进一步分析表明，男性优先考虑心理愉悦（AOR = 2.18），而女性则表现出 "以伴侣为中心 "的倾向，强调性伴侣的信任（AOR = 3.43）。未来的研究可以探索这些有关 CSI 的不同态度、规范和感知控制的发展。鉴于 TPB 变量的可修改性，我们的研究可以为针对青年男女的可操作策略和有针对性的干预措施提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Dating app users: Differences between middle-aged men and women 约会应用程序用户：中年男女的差异

IF 5.3 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100505

Adriana Jiménez-Muro, Pedro J. Ramos-Villagrasa, Ángel Castro

The scientific literature generated as a result of the appearance and popularization of the use of dating apps still has some important limitations. Among them, the one that has focused particularly on some groups (men who have sex with men, university students) while ignoring others, stands out. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the characteristics of dating app usage in middle-aged heterosexual people, paying special attention to the differences between men and women. A total of 298 heterosexual current dating app users (41.3 % women, 58.7 % men), aged between 25 and 50 years (M = 37.67, SD = 6.99), completed a battery of online questionnaires. Regular and intense use of dating apps was found in middle-aged people. Compared to women, men use more dating apps, have used them for a longer time, use them to a greater extent for casual sex, and for more time per day. It was also found that the time spent on dating apps and having a partner allowed for predicting some behaviors and relationships that arose in the apps. Knowing middle-aged people's dating app usage profiles and the differences between men and women will have relevant implications when designing and implementing preventive strategies and promoting these apps' recreational and responsible use from a gender perspective.

因约会应用程序的出现和普及而产生的科学文献仍有一些重要的局限性。其中，特别关注某些群体（男男性行为者、大学生）而忽视其他群体的研究尤为突出。因此，本研究旨在分析中年异性恋者使用交友软件的特点，并特别关注男女之间的差异。共有 298 名年龄在 25 至 50 岁之间（男 = 37.67，女 = 6.99）的异性恋约会应用程序用户（女性占 41.3%，男性占 58.7%）完成了一系列在线问卷调查。发现中年人经常且大量使用约会应用程序。与女性相比，男性使用的约会应用程序更多，使用时间更长，更多用于随意性行为，每天使用的时间也更长。研究还发现，根据使用约会应用程序的时间和是否有伴侣，可以预测应用程序中出现的一些行为和关系。了解中年人使用约会应用程序的情况以及男女之间的差异，对于设计和实施预防策略以及从性别角度促进娱乐性和负责任地使用这些应用程序具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Functional brain hubs are related to age: A primer study with rs-fMRI 大脑功能枢纽与年龄有关：利用 rs-fMRI 进行的初步研究

IF 5.3 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100517

María D. Figueroa-Jiménez , Cristina Cañete-Massé , Esteve Gudayol-Ferre , Geisa B. Gallardo-Moreno , Maribel Peró-Cebollero , Joan Guàrdia-Olmos

Background/Objective

Research on the ontogenetic development of brain networks using resting state has shown to be useful for understanding age-associated changes in brain connectivity. This work aimed to analyze the relationship between brain connectivity, age and intelligence.

Methods

A sample of 26 children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years of both sexes underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. We estimated the values of fractional Amplitude low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and the values of Regional homogeneity (ReHo) in a voxelwise analysis to later correlate them with age and intelligence quotient (IQ).

Results

No significant correlations were found with IQ, but it was found that the fALFF values of the left precentral cortex (premotor cortex and supplementary motor area), as well as the ReHo values of the medial frontal gyrus, and the precentral cortex of the left hemisphere, correlate with age. Conclusions: Hubs related to various “task positive” networks closely related to cognitive functioning would present a development more related to age and relatively independent of individual differences in intelligence. These findings suggest that the premotor cortex and supplementary motor cortex could be a cortical hub that develops earlier than previously reported and that it would be more related to age than to intelligence level.

背景/目的利用静息状态对大脑网络的本体发育进行的研究表明，它有助于了解与年龄相关的大脑连通性变化。本研究旨在分析大脑连通性、年龄和智力之间的关系。方法对26名6至18岁的儿童和青少年进行了静息状态功能磁共振成像研究。我们在体素分析中估算了分数振幅低频波动（fALFF）值和区域同质性（ReHo）值，随后将其与年龄和智商（IQ）相关联。结果未发现与智商有明显相关性，但发现左半球前中央皮层（运动前皮层和辅助运动区）的 fALFF 值以及左半球额叶内侧回和前中央皮层的 ReHo 值与年龄相关。结论与认知功能密切相关的各种 "积极任务 "网络枢纽的发展与年龄的关系更为密切，而且与个体智力差异相对独立。这些研究结果表明，前运动皮层和辅助运动皮层可能是一个皮层枢纽，它的发育早于之前的报道，而且与年龄的关系大于与智力水平的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Emotional dysregulation in relation to substance use and behavioral addictions: Findings from five separate meta-analyses 情绪失调与药物使用和行为成瘾的关系：五项独立荟萃分析的结果

IF 5.3 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100502

Alba González-Roz , Yasmina Castaño , Andrea Krotter , Angie Salazar-Cedillo , Elena Gervilla

Background/objective

Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic variable underlying various psychiatric disorders, including addictive behaviors (ABs). This meta-analysis examines the relationship between ED and ABs (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, gambling, and gaming), and indicators of AB engagement (frequency, quantity/time of use, severity, and problems).

Method

Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, WoS, and PsycINFO. Five separate meta-analysis were run using random-effects models. Moderators (age, sex, continental region, and sample type; community vs. clinical), and publication bias were evaluated.

Results

A total of 189 studies (N = 78,733; 51.29 % women) were identified. ED was significantly related to all ABs. Problems and severity indicators exhibited the largest effects (r’s .118-.372, all p <.023). There were larger effect sizes for cannabis problems (r = .372), cannabis severity (r = .280), gaming severity (r = .280), gambling severity (r = .245), gambling problems (r = .131), alcohol problems (r = .237), alcohol severity (r = .204), and severity of nicotine dependence (r = .118). Lack of impulse control exhibited some of the largest effects in relation to ABs. Clinical samples of cannabis users vs. community-based exhibited larger magnitude of associations.

Conclusions

Interventions targeting ABs should address lack of strategies and impulsive behaviors as an emotion regulation strategy specifically, as it is a common risk factor for ABs.

背景/目的情绪失调（ED）是导致包括成瘾行为（ABs）在内的各种精神疾病的一个跨诊断变量。本荟萃分析研究了 ED 与成瘾行为（酒精、烟草、大麻、赌博和游戏）之间的关系，以及成瘾行为的参与指标（使用频率、数量/时间、严重程度和问题）。使用随机效应模型分别进行了五项荟萃分析。对调节因素（年龄、性别、大陆地区和样本类型；社区与临床）和发表偏差进行了评估。结果共发现 189 项研究（N = 78,733; 51.29 % 为女性）。ED与所有ABs均有明显关系。问题和严重程度指标的影响最大（r's .118-.372, all p <.023）。大麻问题（r = .372）、大麻严重程度（r = .280）、游戏严重程度（r = .280）、赌博严重程度（r = .245）、赌博问题（r = .131）、酒精问题（r = .237）、酒精严重程度（r = .204）和尼古丁依赖严重程度（r = .118）的效应较大。冲动控制能力的缺乏对 ABs 的影响最大。结论针对ABs的干预措施应特别针对作为情绪调节策略的缺乏策略和冲动行为，因为这是ABs的常见风险因素。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of two-person synchronized cycling exercise on interpersonal cooperation: A near-infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning study 双人同步自行车运动对人际合作的影响：近红外光谱超扫描研究

IF 5.3 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100492

Huiling Wang , Lin Li

Objective

Although psychological research indicating the synchronous activities can promote interpersonal cooperation, thus far there is no direct evidence that two-person synchronous exercise effectively enhances interpersonal cooperative behaviors in Physical exercise field. This suggests that, although synchronization phenomenon is widespread in sports and is considered a potential tool for enhancing teamwork, its specific effects and functioning mechanisms still need to be clarified by further scientific research. This study intends to use two-person synchronized cycling exercise to investigate the synchronized exercise effect on interpersonal cooperative behavior and its underlying neural mechanisms.

Methods

Eighty college students without regular exercise habits will be randomly assigned to the experimental group (10 male dyads and 10 female dyads) and the control group (10 male dyads and 10 female dyads). During the experiment, dyads in the experimental group performed a 30-minute synchronized cycling exercise with synchronized pedaling movements; dyads in the control group rested sedentary in the same environment for 30 minutes. Interpersonal cooperative behavior was assessed with the Prisoner's Dilemma task, and the interpersonal neural synchronization(INS) data were collected in the prefrontal cortex using near-infrared hyperscanning.

Results

This study compared behavior and brain activity before and after synchronous exercise. Behavioral results revealed that, compared to pre-exercise, dyads in the post-exercise had higher average cooperation rates, higher cooperation efficiency and shorter cooperation response times. Compared to post-sedentary, dyads in the post-exercise had shorter cooperation response times and higher cooperation efficiency. Furthermore, brain data showed that,compared to pre-exercise, dyads in the post-exercise had stronger INS in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC), whereas the dyads in the post-exercise had stronge INS in the DLPFC compared to post-sedentary. After controlling for dyads' anxiety and mood states, this study also found a marginally significant negative correlation between INS differences in the left DLPFC and cooperation response time differences.

Conclusions

This research confirms, from both behavioral and neuroscience perspectives, that one synchronization cycle can significantly enhance interpersonal cooperative behavior, and this positive effect is closely associated with increased INS in the left DLPFC. This study provides new insights into understanding how positive interactive exercises promote interpersonal cooperation through specific neural mechanisms.

目的虽然心理学研究表明同步活动能促进人际合作，但迄今为止，在体育锻炼领域还没有直接证据表明两人同步运动能有效增强人际合作行为。这表明，虽然同步现象在体育运动中广泛存在，并被认为是增强团队合作的潜在工具，但其具体效果和作用机制仍有待进一步的科学研究来阐明。本研究拟采用双人同步自行车运动的方法，探讨同步运动对人际合作行为的影响及其潜在的神经机制。方法将八名没有规律运动习惯的大学生随机分配到实验组（男双人组 10 人，女双人组 10 人）和对照组（男双人组 10 人，女双人组 10 人）。在实验过程中，实验组的两人一组进行 30 分钟的同步自行车运动，同步蹬踏；对照组的两人一组在相同的环境中静坐休息 30 分钟。结果这项研究比较了同步运动前后的行为和大脑活动。行为结果显示，与运动前相比，运动后的二人组有更高的平均合作率、更高的合作效率和更短的合作反应时间。与运动后相比，运动后的双人合作反应时间更短，合作效率更高。此外，大脑数据显示，与运动前相比，运动后的双人组在背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）有更强的INS，而与运动后相比，运动后的双人组在背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）有更强的INS，而与运动后相比，运动后的双人组在背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）有更强的INS。在控制了两人的焦虑和情绪状态后，本研究还发现左侧 DLPFC 的 INS 差异与合作反应时间差异之间存在微小的显著负相关。结论本研究从行为学和神经科学的角度证实，一个同步周期可以显著增强人际合作行为，而这种积极效应与左侧 DLPFC INS 的增加密切相关。这项研究为了解积极的互动练习如何通过特定的神经机制促进人际合作提供了新的见解。

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