Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100534
Turan Deniz Ergun , Asuman Buyukcan-Tetik , Anik Debrot , Henk Schut , Margaret Stroebe
Although child loss impairs well-being, its impact on behavioral exchanges between bereaved parents remains understudied. We compared bereaved and non-bereaved couples regarding affectionate touch levels, the role of affectionate touch in intimacy, and the association between partners’ affectionate touch similarity and intimacy. Bereaved (228 couples, 27 individuals) and non-bereaved (258 couples, seven individuals) people participated in our seven-day diary study. Although bereaved and non-bereaved men reported equal affectionate touch, bereaved women's affectionate touch was lower than non-bereaved women's. Despite this discrepancy, multilevel analyses revealed that affectionate touch concurrently benefited both genders’ intimacy in bereaved and non-bereaved couples. For bereaved women, touch also contributed to next day's intimacy. We also showed that couples reported higher intimacy if both partners had higher vs. lower affectionate touch. Our findings highlight bereaved and non-bereaved couples’ similarity regarding the relational gains of affectionate touch and the promising function of affectionate touch in coping with loss.
{"title":"In contact with grief: Affectionate touch and intimacy in bereaved parents","authors":"Turan Deniz Ergun , Asuman Buyukcan-Tetik , Anik Debrot , Henk Schut , Margaret Stroebe","doi":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although child loss impairs well-being, its impact on behavioral exchanges between bereaved parents remains understudied. We compared bereaved and non-bereaved couples regarding affectionate touch levels, the role of affectionate touch in intimacy, and the association between partners’ affectionate touch similarity and intimacy. Bereaved (228 couples, 27 individuals) and non-bereaved (258 couples, seven individuals) people participated in our seven-day diary study. Although bereaved and non-bereaved men reported equal affectionate touch, bereaved women's affectionate touch was lower than non-bereaved women's. Despite this discrepancy, multilevel analyses revealed that affectionate touch concurrently benefited both genders’ intimacy in bereaved and non-bereaved couples. For bereaved women, touch also contributed to next day's intimacy. We also showed that couples reported higher intimacy if both partners had higher vs. lower affectionate touch. Our findings highlight bereaved and non-bereaved couples’ similarity regarding the relational gains of affectionate touch and the promising function of affectionate touch in coping with loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47673,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Article 100534"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100526
Xinyu Liang , Yunan Guo , Hanyue Zhang , Xiaotong Wang , Danian Li , Yujie Liu , Jianjia Zhang , Luping Zhou , Shijun Qiu
<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>College students with subclinical depression often experience sleep disturbances and are at high risk of developing major depressive disorder without early intervention. Clinical guidelines recommend non-pharmacotherapy as the primary option for subclinical depression with comorbid sleep disorders (sDSDs). However, the neuroimaging mechanisms and therapeutic responses associated with these treatments are poorly understood. Additionally, the lack of an early diagnosis and therapeutic effectiveness prediction model hampers the clinical promotion and acceptance of non-pharmacological interventions for subclinical depression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study involved pre- and post-treatment resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) and clinical data from a multicenter, single-blind, randomized clinical trial. The trial included 114 first-episode, drug-naïve university students with subclinical depression and comorbid sleep disorders (sDSDs; Mean age=22.8±2.3 years; 73.7% female) and 93 healthy controls (HCs; Mean age=22.2±1.7 years; 63.4% female). We examined altered functional connectivity (FC) and brain network connective mode related to subregions of Default Mode Network (sub-DMN) using seed-to-voxel analysis before and after six weeks of non-pharmacological antidepressant treatment. Additionally, we developed an individualized diagnosing and therapeutic effect predicting model to realize early recognition of subclinical depression and provide objective suggestions to select non-pharmacological therapy by using the newly proposed Hierarchical Functional Brain Network (HFBN) with advanced deep learning algorithms within the transformer framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Neuroimaging responses to non-pharmacologic treatments are characterized by alterations in functional connectivity (FC) and shifts in brain network connectivity patterns, particularly within the sub-DMN. At baseline, significantly increased FC was observed between the sub-DMN and both Executive Control Network (ECN) and Dorsal Attention Network (DAN). Following six weeks of non-pharmacologic intervention, connectivity patterns primarily shifted within the sub-DMN and ECN, with a predominant decrease in FCs. The HFBN model demonstrated superior performance over traditional deep learning models, accurately predicting therapeutic outcomes and diagnosing subclinical depression, achieving cumulative scores of 80.47% for sleep quality prediction and 84.67% for depression prediction, along with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 82.34%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Two-scale neuroimaging signatures related to the sub-DMN underlying the antidepressant mechanisms of non-pharmacological treatments for subclinical depression. The HFBN model exhibited supreme capability in early diagnosing and predicting non-pharmacological treatment outcomes for subclinical depression, thereby promoting objective clinical ps
{"title":"Neuroimaging signatures and a deep learning modeling for early diagnosing and predicting non-pharmacological therapy success for subclinical depression comorbid sleep disorders in college students","authors":"Xinyu Liang , Yunan Guo , Hanyue Zhang , Xiaotong Wang , Danian Li , Yujie Liu , Jianjia Zhang , Luping Zhou , Shijun Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>College students with subclinical depression often experience sleep disturbances and are at high risk of developing major depressive disorder without early intervention. Clinical guidelines recommend non-pharmacotherapy as the primary option for subclinical depression with comorbid sleep disorders (sDSDs). However, the neuroimaging mechanisms and therapeutic responses associated with these treatments are poorly understood. Additionally, the lack of an early diagnosis and therapeutic effectiveness prediction model hampers the clinical promotion and acceptance of non-pharmacological interventions for subclinical depression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study involved pre- and post-treatment resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) and clinical data from a multicenter, single-blind, randomized clinical trial. The trial included 114 first-episode, drug-naïve university students with subclinical depression and comorbid sleep disorders (sDSDs; Mean age=22.8±2.3 years; 73.7% female) and 93 healthy controls (HCs; Mean age=22.2±1.7 years; 63.4% female). We examined altered functional connectivity (FC) and brain network connective mode related to subregions of Default Mode Network (sub-DMN) using seed-to-voxel analysis before and after six weeks of non-pharmacological antidepressant treatment. Additionally, we developed an individualized diagnosing and therapeutic effect predicting model to realize early recognition of subclinical depression and provide objective suggestions to select non-pharmacological therapy by using the newly proposed Hierarchical Functional Brain Network (HFBN) with advanced deep learning algorithms within the transformer framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Neuroimaging responses to non-pharmacologic treatments are characterized by alterations in functional connectivity (FC) and shifts in brain network connectivity patterns, particularly within the sub-DMN. At baseline, significantly increased FC was observed between the sub-DMN and both Executive Control Network (ECN) and Dorsal Attention Network (DAN). Following six weeks of non-pharmacologic intervention, connectivity patterns primarily shifted within the sub-DMN and ECN, with a predominant decrease in FCs. The HFBN model demonstrated superior performance over traditional deep learning models, accurately predicting therapeutic outcomes and diagnosing subclinical depression, achieving cumulative scores of 80.47% for sleep quality prediction and 84.67% for depression prediction, along with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 82.34%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Two-scale neuroimaging signatures related to the sub-DMN underlying the antidepressant mechanisms of non-pharmacological treatments for subclinical depression. The HFBN model exhibited supreme capability in early diagnosing and predicting non-pharmacological treatment outcomes for subclinical depression, thereby promoting objective clinical ps","PeriodicalId":47673,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Article 100526"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100519
Huan Ren , Yi zhen Li , Hong-Yan Bi , Yang Yang
Background
Developmental dyslexia (DD) and persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) are the most representative written and spoken language disorders, respectively, and both significantly hinder life success. Although widespread brain alterations are evident in both DD and PDS, it remains unclear to what extent these two language disorders share common neural substrates.
Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis of task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies of PDS and DD were conducted to explore the shared functional and anatomical alterations across these disorders.
Results
The results of fMRI studies indicated shared hypoactivation in the left inferior temporal gyrus and inferior parietal gyrus across PDS and DD compared to healthy controls. When examined separately for children and adults, we found that child participants exhibited reduced activation in the left inferior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, precentral gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus, possibly reflecting the universal causes of written and spoken language disorders. In contrast, adult participants exhibited hyperactivation in the right precentral gyrus and left cingulate motor cortex, possibly reflecting common compensatory mechanisms. Anatomically, the analysis of VBM studies revealed decreased gray matter volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus across DD and PDS, which was exclusively observed in children. Finally, meta-analytic connectivity modeling and brain-behavior correlation analyses were conducted to explore functional connectivity patterns and related cognitive functions of the brain regions commonly involved in DD and PDS.
Conclusions
This study identified concordances in brain abnormalities across DD and PDS, suggesting common neural substrates for written and spoken language disorders and providing new insights into the transdiagnostic neural signatures of language disorders.
{"title":"The shared neurobiological basis of developmental dyslexia and developmental stuttering: A meta-analysis of functional and structural MRI studies","authors":"Huan Ren , Yi zhen Li , Hong-Yan Bi , Yang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Developmental dyslexia (DD) and persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) are the most representative written and spoken language disorders, respectively, and both significantly hinder life success. Although widespread brain alterations are evident in both DD and PDS, it remains unclear to what extent these two language disorders share common neural substrates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review and meta-analysis of task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies of PDS and DD were conducted to explore the shared functional and anatomical alterations across these disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results of fMRI studies indicated shared hypoactivation in the left inferior temporal gyrus and inferior parietal gyrus across PDS and DD compared to healthy controls. When examined separately for children and adults, we found that child participants exhibited reduced activation in the left inferior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, precentral gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus, possibly reflecting the universal causes of written and spoken language disorders. In contrast, adult participants exhibited hyperactivation in the right precentral gyrus and left cingulate motor cortex, possibly reflecting common compensatory mechanisms. Anatomically, the analysis of VBM studies revealed decreased gray matter volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus across DD and PDS, which was exclusively observed in children. Finally, meta-analytic connectivity modeling and brain-behavior correlation analyses were conducted to explore functional connectivity patterns and related cognitive functions of the brain regions commonly involved in DD and PDS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study identified concordances in brain abnormalities across DD and PDS, suggesting common neural substrates for written and spoken language disorders and providing new insights into the transdiagnostic neural signatures of language disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47673,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Article 100519"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100514
Oksana K. Ellison , Lauren E. Bullard , Gloria K. Lee , Spiridoula Vazou , Karin A. Pfeiffer , Shelby E. Baez , Matthew B. Pontifex
The pervasiveness of anxiety and stress among college students necessitates the investigation of potential alternative and accessible interventions which can be implemented into existing curricular and student-support programming to improve students' mental health. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) smartphone applications have shown promising outcomes in alleviating anxiety and stress. However, it is essential to gain insight into the feasibility and efficacy of such an interventional approach in a collegiate population, as well as explore potential underlying mechanisms, which could be better targeted to enhance the efficacy of future interventions for promoting mental health and well-being. The aims for this study were (1) to assess the efficacy of a 4-week MBCT intervention using the Sanvello smartphone application in reducing trait-level anxiety and chronic stress in college-aged young adults (n = 150) compared to a positive control group (n = 139), and (2) to examine potential mediators of this effect. Participants completed assessments of trait anxiety, chronic stress, cognitive reappraisal, cognitive refocusing, distractive refocusing, and negative automatic thoughts at pretest and following 4 weeks of the interventions. Analysis of primary outcomes revealed greater reductions in trait anxiety and chronic stress for the MBCT group, relative to the positive control group with small to moderate effect sizes. The anxiolytic and stress-reducing effects of the MBCT intervention were observed to be mediated by changes in negative automatic thoughts but not by changes in cognitive reappraisal, constructive refocusing, or distractive refocusing. Given the efficacy of the Sanvello smartphone application and the overwhelmingly strong assessments of the appropriateness and feasibility of it use; student support initiatives may be well served by adopting such a platform within the context of first-line treatment and prevention of high anxiety and chronic stress within first year college students. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov [number NCT06019299].
{"title":"Examining efficacy and potential mechanisms of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxiety and stress reduction among college students in a cluster-randomized controlled trial","authors":"Oksana K. Ellison , Lauren E. Bullard , Gloria K. Lee , Spiridoula Vazou , Karin A. Pfeiffer , Shelby E. Baez , Matthew B. Pontifex","doi":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pervasiveness of anxiety and stress among college students necessitates the investigation of potential alternative and accessible interventions which can be implemented into existing curricular and student-support programming to improve students' mental health. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) smartphone applications have shown promising outcomes in alleviating anxiety and stress. However, it is essential to gain insight into the feasibility and efficacy of such an interventional approach in a collegiate population, as well as explore potential underlying mechanisms, which could be better targeted to enhance the efficacy of future interventions for promoting mental health and well-being. The aims for this study were (1) to assess the efficacy of a 4-week MBCT intervention using the Sanvello smartphone application in reducing trait-level anxiety and chronic stress in college-aged young adults (<em>n</em> = 150) compared to a positive control group (<em>n</em> = 139), and (2) to examine potential mediators of this effect. Participants completed assessments of trait anxiety, chronic stress, cognitive reappraisal, cognitive refocusing, distractive refocusing, and negative automatic thoughts at pretest and following 4 weeks of the interventions. Analysis of primary outcomes revealed greater reductions in trait anxiety and chronic stress for the MBCT group, relative to the positive control group with small to moderate effect sizes. The anxiolytic and stress-reducing effects of the MBCT intervention were observed to be mediated by changes in negative automatic thoughts but not by changes in cognitive reappraisal, constructive refocusing, or distractive refocusing. Given the efficacy of the Sanvello smartphone application and the overwhelmingly strong assessments of the appropriateness and feasibility of it use; student support initiatives may be well served by adopting such a platform within the context of first-line treatment and prevention of high anxiety and chronic stress within first year college students. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov [number NCT06019299].</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47673,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Article 100514"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100512
Qian Gu , Xingzhong Zhao , Lili Lin , Wei-Peng Teo , Libin Liu , Shiwei Yuan
Background
Subthreshold depression (SD) affects a significant proportion of adolescent females, posing a risk of major depression in later life. This study examines the effects of open-skill exercise (OSE) and closed-skill exercise (CSE) on SD, executive function (EF), and emotional states in female adolescents.
Methods
A double-blind randomized controlled trial involved 95 female adolescents (mean age = 16.73 ± 0.42 years) with SD symptoms. Participants were assigned to OSE, CSE, or control (CON) groups and underwent an 8-week exercise program. Primary outcomes were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), with secondary outcomes including EF tasks and emotional assessments. Differences were examined using generalized linear mixed models with intention-to-treat and multiple imputation.
Results
Both OSE and CSE significantly reduced depressive symptoms, with CSE showing greater improvement. EF assessments showed enhanced cognitive flexibility and working memory in both exercise groups at 4 weeks, and superior inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility in the CSE group at 8 weeks. Emotional assessments indicated a notable reduction in negative emotions in the CSE group after 8 weeks.
Conclusions
Both OSE and CSE reduce SD symptoms in female adolescents, with CSE providing more sustained benefits for EF and emotional states. Further research on exercise interventions for mental health is warranted.
{"title":"Effects of open-skill and closed-skill exercise on subthreshold depression in female adolescents: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Qian Gu , Xingzhong Zhao , Lili Lin , Wei-Peng Teo , Libin Liu , Shiwei Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Subthreshold depression (SD) affects a significant proportion of adolescent females, posing a risk of major depression in later life. This study examines the effects of open-skill exercise (OSE) and closed-skill exercise (CSE) on SD, executive function (EF), and emotional states in female adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A double-blind randomized controlled trial involved 95 female adolescents (mean age = 16.73 ± 0.42 years) with SD symptoms. Participants were assigned to OSE, CSE, or control (CON) groups and underwent an 8-week exercise program. Primary outcomes were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), with secondary outcomes including EF tasks and emotional assessments. Differences were examined using generalized linear mixed models with intention-to-treat and multiple imputation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both OSE and CSE significantly reduced depressive symptoms, with CSE showing greater improvement. EF assessments showed enhanced cognitive flexibility and working memory in both exercise groups at 4 weeks, and superior inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility in the CSE group at 8 weeks. Emotional assessments indicated a notable reduction in negative emotions in the CSE group after 8 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both OSE and CSE reduce SD symptoms in female adolescents, with CSE providing more sustained benefits for EF and emotional states. Further research on exercise interventions for mental health is warranted.</div><div>Trial registration number: ChiCTR2400081139</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47673,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Article 100512"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100518
Vera K. Jandackova , Shaun Scholes , Annie Britton , Andrew Steptoe
Background
Autonomic dysfunction is common in dementia, yet its contribution to neurocognitive changes remains unknown. We investigated whether midlife cardiac vagal modulation, indexed by heart rate variability, associates with subsequent cognitive decline in adults without prior coronary heart disease or stroke.
Methods
The sample comprised 2702 (1924 men) individuals initially aged 44–69 years from the UK Whitehall II cohort. Data from the fifth (1997–1999), seventh (2002–2004) and ninth (2007–2009) phases were analysed. Global cognitive function was ascertained from tests assessing memory, reasoning, vocabulary, and fluency. We used 12-lead-ECG-based heart rate variability measures, that primarily reflect vagal modulation (i.e. RMSSD and HF-HRV). Linear mixed-effects models and logistic regression were employed.
Results
Results showed consistent associations between both vagally-mediated HRV measures and faster decline in global cognitive function. Specifically, low RMSSD and HF-HRV (lowest versus upper four quintiles) were associated with 0.07 SD (95% CI: -0.13, -0.01) and 0.06 SD (95% CI: -0.12, -0.004) accelerated 10-year cognitive decline after sociodemographic adjustments and faster decline in older ages. Further adjustments for lifestyle factors, medication use and other cardiometabolic conditions did not change the findings. Cognitive decline in individuals with low RMSSD and HF-HRV was estimated to progress 3 and 3.5 years faster per decade, respectively, compared to their counterparts. Additionally, participants with low RMSSD had 37% higher odds of low cognitive function (lowest quintile) at follow-up (OR 1.37: 95% CI,1.03, 1.80).
Conclusion
Our findings support the aetiological significance of the autonomic nervous system, specifically vagal modulation, in the processes of cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Low heart rate variability emerges as a potential biomarker indicative of acclerated cognitive decline that may extend over decades.
{"title":"Midlife heart rate variability and cognitive decline: A large longitudinal cohort study","authors":"Vera K. Jandackova , Shaun Scholes , Annie Britton , Andrew Steptoe","doi":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Autonomic dysfunction is common in dementia, yet its contribution to neurocognitive changes remains unknown. We investigated whether midlife cardiac vagal modulation, indexed by heart rate variability, associates with subsequent cognitive decline in adults without prior coronary heart disease or stroke.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The sample comprised 2702 (1924 men) individuals initially aged 44–69 years from the UK Whitehall II cohort. Data from the fifth (1997–1999), seventh (2002–2004) and ninth (2007–2009) phases were analysed. Global cognitive function was ascertained from tests assessing memory, reasoning, vocabulary, and fluency. We used 12-lead-ECG-based heart rate variability measures, that primarily reflect vagal modulation (i.e. RMSSD and HF-HRV). Linear mixed-effects models and logistic regression were employed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results showed consistent associations between both vagally-mediated HRV measures and faster decline in global cognitive function. Specifically, low RMSSD and HF-HRV (lowest versus upper four quintiles) were associated with 0.07 SD (95% CI: -0.13, -0.01) and 0.06 SD (95% CI: -0.12, -0.004) accelerated 10-year cognitive decline after sociodemographic adjustments and faster decline in older ages. Further adjustments for lifestyle factors, medication use and other cardiometabolic conditions did not change the findings. Cognitive decline in individuals with low RMSSD and HF-HRV was estimated to progress 3 and 3.5 years faster per decade, respectively, compared to their counterparts. Additionally, participants with low RMSSD had 37% higher odds of low cognitive function (lowest quintile) at follow-up (OR 1.37: 95% CI,1.03, 1.80).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings support the aetiological significance of the autonomic nervous system, specifically vagal modulation, in the processes of cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Low heart rate variability emerges as a potential biomarker indicative of acclerated cognitive decline that may extend over decades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47673,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Article 100518"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100522
Maria Seidel , Marie-Louis Wronski , Fabio Bernardoni , Julius Hennig , Nico Poller , Annekatrin Locke , Evelina Stender , Susanne Heckel , Veit Roessner , Stefan Ehrlich
Background
Patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) are characterized by rigid behavioral patterns and habit-like routines, especially regarding food intake. It has been hypothesized that habits contribute to the maintenance of AN-related symptoms. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the role of disorder-specific and nonspecific habits during weight-restoration treatment
Method
In this longitudinal study, we examined the frequency of habits using ecological momentary assessment in 44 adolescent patients with AN who were undergoing inpatient nutritional rehabilitation. All patients had two data collection periods: baseline at admission, and follow-up shortly before discharge from treatment. An age-matched healthy control group was included to assess normalization at follow-up
Results
Analyses revealed a significant decrease in food-intake and hygiene-related habit frequency from baseline to follow-up. Furthermore, at follow-up habit frequency of both categories no longer differed between AN and controls. Moreover, the degree of reduction of food intake habits was predictive of weight gain at follow-up
Conclusion
These findings may suggest that habitual behaviors are state factors, mainly present during the acute phase of the disorder, which advances our understanding of the habit hypothesis in AN. Changing such behaviors may be important for weight restoration, highlighting the potential value of interventions targeting habits.
{"title":"A longitudinal study on the change of eating disorder-specific and nonspecific habits during weight rehabilitation in anorexia nervosa","authors":"Maria Seidel , Marie-Louis Wronski , Fabio Bernardoni , Julius Hennig , Nico Poller , Annekatrin Locke , Evelina Stender , Susanne Heckel , Veit Roessner , Stefan Ehrlich","doi":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) are characterized by rigid behavioral patterns and habit-like routines, especially regarding food intake. It has been hypothesized that habits contribute to the maintenance of AN-related symptoms. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the role of disorder-specific and nonspecific habits during weight-restoration treatment</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In this longitudinal study, we examined the frequency of habits using ecological momentary assessment in 44 adolescent patients with AN who were undergoing inpatient nutritional rehabilitation. All patients had two data collection periods: baseline at admission, and follow-up shortly before discharge from treatment. An age-matched healthy control group was included to assess normalization at follow-up</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Analyses revealed a significant decrease in food-intake and hygiene-related habit frequency from baseline to follow-up. Furthermore, at follow-up habit frequency of both categories no longer differed between AN and controls. Moreover, the degree of reduction of food intake habits was predictive of weight gain at follow-up</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings may suggest that habitual behaviors are state factors, mainly present during the acute phase of the disorder, which advances our understanding of the habit hypothesis in AN. Changing such behaviors may be important for weight restoration, highlighting the potential value of interventions targeting habits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47673,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Article 100522"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100533
Ye Yang , Yan Zhou , Huijuan Zhang , Hui Kou , Jia Zhao , Jiangli Tian , Cheng Guo
Social anxiety impairs interpersonal relationships, which rely heavily on prosocial behaviors essential for healthy social interactions. The influence of social anxiety on the dynamics of helping others, through stages of prosocial choice stimulus presentation and effort, is not well understood. This study combines two experiments that integrate effort-based decision-making tasks with electroencephalography to distinguish between the choice stimulus presentation and effort phases of prosocial behavior. We examined the prosocial intention and motivation of 36 individuals with high social anxiety (HSAs) and 36 with low social anxiety (LSAs). Participants exerted effort for personal or others’ gain, as well as to avoid losses. Participants chose whether to exert effort and then completed a designated number of key presses within a time limit, either to accumulate rewards or to avoid losses for themselves or others. Findings reveal that social anxiety indeed diminishes prosocial intention and effort motivation for gain. Interestingly, once HSAs decide to engage in prosocial efforts for gain, evaluative anxiety helps them reduce prosocial apathy and redirect their attentional resources from threatening stimuli to the task at hand, bringing their level of prosocial effort on par with LSAs. Moreover, HSAs exhibit prosocial apathy toward both gains and losses, with more pronounced prosocial apathy observed in loss tasks. However, evaluative anxiety does not help reduce HSAs’ prosocial apathy in loss tasks. Notably, when striving to avoid losses for others, even without evaluative anxiety, HSAs demonstrated prosocial behavior indistinguishable from that of LSAs, suggesting that the goal of avoiding loss promotes prosociality among HSAs. Overall, while social anxiety diminishes individual prosocial behavior, evaluative anxiety and sensitive action goals can mitigate its impact to some extent. These findings are critical for developing strategies to enhance psychological health and promote healthier social interactions.
{"title":"Social anxiety undermines prosocial behaviors when required effort","authors":"Ye Yang , Yan Zhou , Huijuan Zhang , Hui Kou , Jia Zhao , Jiangli Tian , Cheng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social anxiety impairs interpersonal relationships, which rely heavily on prosocial behaviors essential for healthy social interactions. The influence of social anxiety on the dynamics of helping others, through stages of prosocial choice stimulus presentation and effort, is not well understood. This study combines two experiments that integrate effort-based decision-making tasks with electroencephalography to distinguish between the choice stimulus presentation and effort phases of prosocial behavior. We examined the prosocial intention and motivation of 36 individuals with high social anxiety (HSAs) and 36 with low social anxiety (LSAs). Participants exerted effort for personal or others’ gain, as well as to avoid losses. Participants chose whether to exert effort and then completed a designated number of key presses within a time limit, either to accumulate rewards or to avoid losses for themselves or others. Findings reveal that social anxiety indeed diminishes prosocial intention and effort motivation for gain. Interestingly, once HSAs decide to engage in prosocial efforts for gain, evaluative anxiety helps them reduce prosocial apathy and redirect their attentional resources from threatening stimuli to the task at hand, bringing their level of prosocial effort on par with LSAs. Moreover, HSAs exhibit prosocial apathy toward both gains and losses, with more pronounced prosocial apathy observed in loss tasks. However, evaluative anxiety does not help reduce HSAs’ prosocial apathy in loss tasks. Notably, when striving to avoid losses for others, even without evaluative anxiety, HSAs demonstrated prosocial behavior indistinguishable from that of LSAs, suggesting that the goal of avoiding loss promotes prosociality among HSAs. Overall, while social anxiety diminishes individual prosocial behavior, evaluative anxiety and sensitive action goals can mitigate its impact to some extent. These findings are critical for developing strategies to enhance psychological health and promote healthier social interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47673,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Article 100533"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11713502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100525
Leela Mohan , Lydia G. Roos , Theresa Q. Bui , Stassja Sichko , George M. Slavich
Although social support is known to shape how individuals use emotion regulation strategies such as cognitive reappraisal, little is known about the specific dimensions of social support that facilitate such use and whether this use is moderated by lifetime stressor exposure. To investigate, we harnessed data from 47 adolescent females who participated in the Psychobiology of Stress and Adolescent Depression (PSY SAD) study to examine how six dimensions of social support related to youths’ use of cognitive reappraisal. In addition, we investigated whether lifetime stressor exposure moderated the association between social support and cognitive reappraisal use in this sample. Results revealed that lifetime stressor exposure moderated the association between social support and cognitive reappraisal. Contrary to hypotheses, however, overall social support and the reassurance of worth dimension of social support were positively associated with reappraisal use, but only for youth exposed to fewer lifetime stressors. Marginally significant associations were also found for the reliable alliance dimension and attachment. In contrast, neither overall social support nor any sub-dimension of social support alone was significantly associated with habitual reappraisal use. Together, these findings highlight the potential importance of fostering social support in youth and in considering youths’ lifetime stressor exposure when studying risk and resilience processes in adolescent females.
{"title":"Social support and cognitive reappraisal in adolescent females: The moderating role of lifetime stressor exposure","authors":"Leela Mohan , Lydia G. Roos , Theresa Q. Bui , Stassja Sichko , George M. Slavich","doi":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although social support is known to shape how individuals use emotion regulation strategies such as cognitive reappraisal, little is known about the specific dimensions of social support that facilitate such use and whether this use is moderated by lifetime stressor exposure. To investigate, we harnessed data from 47 adolescent females who participated in the Psychobiology of Stress and Adolescent Depression (PSY SAD) study to examine how six dimensions of social support related to youths’ use of cognitive reappraisal. In addition, we investigated whether lifetime stressor exposure moderated the association between social support and cognitive reappraisal use in this sample. Results revealed that lifetime stressor exposure moderated the association between social support and cognitive reappraisal. Contrary to hypotheses, however, overall social support and the reassurance of worth dimension of social support were positively associated with reappraisal use, but only for youth exposed to <em>fewer</em> lifetime stressors. Marginally significant associations were also found for the reliable alliance dimension and attachment. In contrast, neither overall social support nor any sub-dimension of social support alone was significantly associated with habitual reappraisal use. Together, these findings highlight the potential importance of fostering social support in youth and in considering youths’ lifetime stressor exposure when studying risk and resilience processes in adolescent females.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47673,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Article 100525"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11719375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100504
Jiun-Hau Huang , Fang-Yu Li , Chia-Hsien Hsu
Background
While condom use has been extensively studied as a protective behavior, research directly focusing on condomless sexual intercourse (CSI) as a distinct and intentional risk behavior, particularly regarding gender differences, remains scarce.
Methods
Building upon the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study addresses this gap by comparing TPB factors and individual TPB items regarding intentional CSI among cisgender heterosexual college varsity athletes in Taiwan (N = 1348).
Results
High CSI intention was more prevalent among men (53.6 %) than women (31.7 %). Our expanded TPB framework identified five distinct TPB factors pertaining to attitudes, norms, and perceived control. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that all five TPB factors were significantly associated with CSI intention among men, but only three among women. Notably, our factor analysis differentiated attitudes toward positive/negative outcomes of CSI and perceived control under facilitating/constraining conditions, revealing attitudes toward positive outcomes of CSI as the strongest driver of CSI intention among both men (AOR = 2.51–4.09) and women (AOR = 3.79–5.71). Further analysis of TPB items disclosed that men prioritized psychological pleasure (AOR = 2.18), whereas women exhibited a “partner-centered” tendency, emphasizing trust by sex partners (AOR = 3.43).
Conclusions
Overall, men exhibited more favorable views toward CSI than women, with gender differences evident in the differential associations of varying TPB factors and items with CSI intention. Future research could explore the development of these differential attitudes, norms, and perceived control concerning CSI. Given the modifiable nature of TPB variables, our study’s insights can inform actionable strategies and targeted interventions tailored for young men and women.
{"title":"Gender disparities in attitudes, norms, and perceived control related to intentional condomless sexual intercourse: A psychosocial theory-driven comparison among cisgender heterosexual male and female college varsity athletes in Taiwan","authors":"Jiun-Hau Huang , Fang-Yu Li , Chia-Hsien Hsu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>While condom use has been extensively studied as a protective behavior, research directly focusing on condomless sexual intercourse (CSI) as a distinct and intentional risk behavior, particularly regarding gender differences, remains scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Building upon the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study addresses this gap by comparing TPB factors and individual TPB items regarding intentional CSI among cisgender heterosexual college varsity athletes in Taiwan (<em>N</em> = 1348).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>High CSI intention was more prevalent among men (53.6 %) than women (31.7 %). Our expanded TPB framework identified five distinct TPB factors pertaining to attitudes, norms, and perceived control. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that all five TPB factors were significantly associated with CSI intention among men, but only three among women. Notably, our factor analysis differentiated attitudes toward positive/negative outcomes of CSI and perceived control under facilitating/constraining conditions, revealing attitudes toward positive outcomes of CSI as the strongest driver of CSI intention among both men (AOR = 2.51–4.09) and women (AOR = 3.79–5.71). Further analysis of TPB items disclosed that men prioritized psychological pleasure (AOR = 2.18), whereas women exhibited a “partner-centered” tendency, emphasizing trust by sex partners (AOR = 3.43).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, men exhibited more favorable views toward CSI than women, with gender differences evident in the differential associations of varying TPB factors and items with CSI intention. Future research could explore the development of these differential attitudes, norms, and perceived control concerning CSI. Given the modifiable nature of TPB variables, our study’s insights can inform actionable strategies and targeted interventions tailored for young men and women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47673,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Article 100504"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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