International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology最新文献

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Background/Objective

Methods

Results

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Background/objective

Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic variable underlying various psychiatric disorders, including addictive behaviors (ABs). This meta-analysis examines the relationship between ED and ABs (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, gambling, and gaming), and indicators of AB engagement (frequency, quantity/time of use, severity, and problems).

Method

Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, WoS, and PsycINFO. Five separate meta-analysis were run using random-effects models. Moderators (age, sex, continental region, and sample type; community vs. clinical), and publication bias were evaluated.

Results

A total of 189 studies (N = 78,733; 51.29 % women) were identified. ED was significantly related to all ABs. Problems and severity indicators exhibited the largest effects (r’s .118-.372, all p <.023). There were larger effect sizes for cannabis problems (r = .372), cannabis severity (r = .280), gaming severity (r = .280), gambling severity (r = .245), gambling problems (r = .131), alcohol problems (r = .237), alcohol severity (r = .204), and severity of nicotine dependence (r = .118). Lack of impulse control exhibited some of the largest effects in relation to ABs. Clinical samples of cannabis users vs. community-based exhibited larger magnitude of associations.

Conclusions

Interventions targeting ABs should address lack of strategies and impulsive behaviors as an emotion regulation strategy specifically, as it is a common risk factor for ABs.

Objective

Although psychological research indicating the synchronous activities can promote interpersonal cooperation, thus far there is no direct evidence that two-person synchronous exercise effectively enhances interpersonal cooperative behaviors in Physical exercise field. This suggests that, although synchronization phenomenon is widespread in sports and is considered a potential tool for enhancing teamwork, its specific effects and functioning mechanisms still need to be clarified by further scientific research. This study intends to use two-person synchronized cycling exercise to investigate the synchronized exercise effect on interpersonal cooperative behavior and its underlying neural mechanisms.

Methods

Eighty college students without regular exercise habits will be randomly assigned to the experimental group (10 male dyads and 10 female dyads) and the control group (10 male dyads and 10 female dyads). During the experiment, dyads in the experimental group performed a 30-minute synchronized cycling exercise with synchronized pedaling movements; dyads in the control group rested sedentary in the same environment for 30 minutes. Interpersonal cooperative behavior was assessed with the Prisoner's Dilemma task, and the interpersonal neural synchronization(INS) data were collected in the prefrontal cortex using near-infrared hyperscanning.

Results

This study compared behavior and brain activity before and after synchronous exercise. Behavioral results revealed that, compared to pre-exercise, dyads in the post-exercise had higher average cooperation rates, higher cooperation efficiency and shorter cooperation response times. Compared to post-sedentary, dyads in the post-exercise had shorter cooperation response times and higher cooperation efficiency. Furthermore, brain data showed that,compared to pre-exercise, dyads in the post-exercise had stronger INS in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC), whereas the dyads in the post-exercise had stronge INS in the DLPFC compared to post-sedentary. After controlling for dyads' anxiety and mood states, this study also found a marginally significant negative correlation between INS differences in the left DLPFC and cooperation response time differences.

Conclusions

This research confirms, from both behavioral and neuroscience perspectives, that one synchronization cycle can significantly enhance interpersonal cooperative behavior, and this positive effect is closely associated with increased INS in the left DLPFC. This study provides new insights into understanding how positive interactive exercises promote interpersonal cooperation through specific neural mechanisms.

Background/Objective

Inhibition is crucial for controlling behavior and is impaired in various psychopathologies. Neurofeedback holds promise in addressing cognitive deficits, and experimental research is essential for identifying its functional benefits. This study aimed to investigate whether boosting sensorimotor activity (SMR) improves inhibitory control in a final sample of healthy individuals (N = 53), while exploring the underlying neurophysiological mechanism.

Method

Participants were randomly divided into two groups: one receiving SMR neurofeedback training to enhance sensorimotor activity within the 12–15 Hz frequency range, and the other receiving sham feedback. Inhibition performance and neural correlates were evaluated with a Go-NoGo task before (T0) and after (T1) 10 neurofeedback sessions using event-related potentials. Data were analyzed via ANOVAs and regression analyses.

Results

Compared to placebo, the active group demonstrated higher absolute SMR power (p = 0.040) and improvements in inhibitory control, including faster response times and fewer inhibition errors (p < 0.001, d = 6.06), associated with a larger NoGoP3d amplitude (p < 0.001, d = 3.35). A positive correlation between the increase in SMR power and the rise in NoGoP3d amplitude (β=0.46, p = 0.015) explains 21 % of the observed variance.

Conclusions

Uptraining SMR power is linked to heightened utilization of neural resources for executing optimal inhibition responses. These results uphold its effectiveness in cognitive rehabilitation.

Background/Objective

: Patients with somatic symptoms are considered to have a deficiency in body-oriented mentalization; that is, the ability to perceive and interpret bodily sensations in relation to psychological states. We introduce the novel concept of psychosomatic congruence—the alignment of physical sensations with cognition and emotional states, which leads to behaviors that synchronize physical manifestations with emotional experiences and internal reflections. Despite its clinical relevance, this concept has not been empirically examined. Three experiments investigated the effects of psychosomatic congruence on the mental content of associations, autobiographical memories, and the accessibility of negative-related words. Grounded in theories of embodied cognition and interoception, we hypothesized that psychosomatic congruence could be facilitated through an initiated interoceptive task.

Methods

: Three pre-registered experiments involving 318 participants were conducted. Participants were asked to identify and label their most pleasant and unpleasant body parts, and then engaged in tasks involving associations with neutral words, memory retrieval, and the accessibility of negative-related words under varying conditions of mortality salience.

Results

: Focusing on the most pleasant body part, as compared to the most unpleasant, led to more positive associations with neutral words, enhanced positive memory retrieval, and reduced accessibility of negatively related words.

Conclusions

: These findings provide evidence that initiating an interoceptive task by focusing attention on body parts can induce congruent mental content. They offer insights into body-oriented mentalization and suggest that emotional distress may potentially be regulated by deliberately focusing on pleasant body parts.

Interpersonal trust (IT) is a combination of individuals’ cognitive evaluations of others’ trustworthiness and affective considerations related to the relationships. Individuals’ trust decisions overly relying on the intimacy of the relationship can be detrimental to their socialization. Attachment styles provide a theoretical framework for explaining individual differences in IT and the balance between cognition control and affective evaluation in social-information processing. However, it remains unclear whether high attachment anxiety (AX) individuals with high interpersonal needs exhibit non-socially adaptive trust decisions, characterized by an over-reliance on relationship closeness (RC), independent of partner trustworthiness (PT). A coin-toss task, combined with event-related potential (ERP), was utilized to explore the performance and temporal characteristics of trust decision-making among individuals with high and low AX under the influence of the two factors. The behavioral results showed that high-AX individuals tended to trust close others regardless of their trustworthiness, while low-AX individuals only trusted close others under low-PT conditions, with no differences in RC for high-PT. The ERP results revealed that high-AX individuals exhibited an enhanced positive P1 by low-trust partners, only discerning differences in RC for high-trust partners (more negative N2 by strangers than friends), reflecting poor conflict-detection abilities confronted with low-trust partners. Low-AX individuals’ neural activity showed higher consistency with their behavioral performance, indicating that trust in close others under low-trust conditions was due to the fewer conflicts elicited and higher expectations of them, reflecting smaller N2 and larger P3. Overall, these findings indicated that high-AX individuals’ IT decision-making was primarily influenced by their reliance on affective evaluation in information processing and weaker cognitive-control abilities, highlighting the contribution of attachment to social-information processing.

Background

Cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis (MS) is common, but unpredictable, and increases with disease duration. As such, early detection of cognitive decline may improve the effectiveness of interventions. To that end, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is effective in detecting slow processing speed as it relates to cognitive impairment, and intraindividual variability (IIV) observed in trials assessing continuous reaction time (RT) may be a useful indicator of early cognitive changes. Here, we will assess cognitive IIV changes in adults with early MS.

Methods

Adults with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), <11 years since diagnosis, were recruited nationally. Baseline and two-year follow-up assessments included Brief International Cognitive Assessment in MS (BICAMS) and Cogstate computerized tests. Intraindividual variability in RT was calculated from psychomotor tasks and data were age-normalized.

Results

A total of 44 of the 66 participants completed follow-up (mean age, 34.0 ± 5.5 years; 66 % female; mean disease duration, 4.1 ± 2.9 years; median Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, 1.5 [0 to 6.0]). Participants were grouped by SDMT z-score median split. Groups did not differ in demographics or clinical features. The higher baseline SDMT group was faster (p = 0.05) in RT and less variable (lower IIV, p = 0.001). At the two-year follow-up, the higher SDMT group showed increased variability (p = 0.05) compared to the lower SDMT group, with no significant RT or BICAMS changes.

Conclusions

In early MS, higher SDMT performance at baseline is associated with less cognitive variability but may indicate susceptibility to increased variability over time, highlighting the importance of monitoring IIV for early cognitive changes.

Background

Poor mental health literacy (MHL) in the global population significantly contributes to the treatment gap associated with mental disorders. In the digital age, leveraging Internet-based MHL interventions offers scalability and broader accessibility. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of Internet-based interventions in improving MHL and mental health.

Method

Up to Feb 2024, seven databases were searched for Internet-based interventions on MHL (knowledge, stigma, help-seeking attitudes and intentions) and mental disorders (general distress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms). The random-effects meta-analyses at post-intervention and long-term follow-up assessments were performed.

Results

Twenty-nine eligible studies involving 11,582 participants were included. Significant positive effects were observed across various domains: knowledge increase (immediate: g = 0.459, 95 %CI: 0.285 to 0.634; follow-up: g = 0.487, 95 %CI: 0.348 to 0.626), immediate stigma reduction (g = -0.332, 95 %CI: -0.479 to -0.186), immediate enhancement of help-seeking attitudes (g = 0.168, 95 %CI: 0.046 to 0.3291) and help-seeking intentions (g = 0.135, 95 %CI: 0.072 to 0.198), as well as immediate mental health improvements (g = -0.074, 95 %CI: -0.115 to -0.033).

Conclusion

Overall, these findings underscore the promising effects of internet-based interventions in improving MHL and mental health, while maintaining these effects over time remains challenging, particularly in reducing stigma and promoting long-term help-seeking behaviors. Addressing methodological limitations, adopting a more interactive approach, and implementing targeted interventions are crucial to maximizing the effectiveness and advancing mental health care worldwide.