Journal of Experimental Criminology最新文献_第5页

The effect of pre-release treatment with injectable naltrexone on criminal justice and substance use outcomes: Results from a randomized controlled trial 注射纳曲酮预释放治疗对刑事司法和物质使用结果的影响：来自一项随机对照试验的结果

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09661-0

C. Clare Strange, Jordan M. Hyatt, Chase Montagnet, Kathleen Powell, Daniel D. Langleben

Objectives

Evaluate the impact of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) on postrelease criminal justice contact and substance use among individuals with opioid use disorder in correctional settings.

Methods

A randomized waitlist-controlled trial was conducted. The treatment group (n = 47) received XR-NTX shortly before release, and the comparison group (n = 47) was put on a waitlist for treatment at six months post-release. Outcomes were measured at 3 and 6 months post-release and included new arrests, parole revocations, reincarceration, and positive drug tests. Data were analyzed using t-tests and Kaplan–Meier survival estimates.

Results

At 3 months post-release, the treatment group had marginally fewer parole revocations. At 6 months, there were no significant differences in criminal justice or substance use outcomes, though the treatment group had fewer positive drug tests and a longer time to first positive drug test.

Conclusions

There is limited evidence that XR-NTX reduces poor criminal justice and substance use outcomes.

目的评价缓释纳曲酮（XR-NTX）对惩教机构中阿片类药物使用障碍个体释放后刑事司法接触和物质使用的影响。方法采用随机等待对照试验。治疗组（n = 47）在释放前不久接受XR-NTX治疗，对照组（n = 47）在释放后6个月等待治疗。在释放后3个月和6个月测量结果，包括新的逮捕、假释撤销、再监禁和药物测试阳性。数据分析采用t检验和Kaplan-Meier生存估计。结果释放3个月后，治疗组的假释撤销率略低于对照组。6个月时，在刑事司法或药物使用结果方面没有显着差异，尽管治疗组的药物检测阳性较少，并且首次药物检测阳性的时间较长。结论：有限的证据表明XR-NTX可以减少不良的刑事司法和药物使用结果。

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引用次数: 0

Framing the harms of wrongful convictions: how different narratives shape public opinion 构建错误定罪的危害：不同的叙述如何塑造公众舆论

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09660-1

Sishi Wu, Robert J. Norris

Objectives

This research examines whether highlighting different harms of wrongful convictions has differential effects on public attitudes.

Methods

We use an online survey-experiment with 970 respondents recruited through CloudResearch’s MTurk Toolkit. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of five conditions: (1) no-information control group, (2) wrongful conviction narrative, (3) wrongful conviction narrative + exoneree harm, (4) wrongful conviction narrative + original crime victim harm, and (5) wrongful conviction narrative + actual offender harm. We then assessed respondents’ victimization concerns and policy preferences.

Results

Highlighting different harms of wrongful convictions generally did not affect victimization concerns and had little effect on policy preferences. However, narratives about the exoneree’s suffering and public safety concerns consistently increased public support for exoneree compensation. We also found slight ideological differences in responses.

Conclusions

The findings support the notion that the consequences of wrongful convictions for public opinion are nuanced, dynamic, and multifaceted.

目的探讨强调不同的错误定罪危害是否会对公众态度产生不同的影响。方法我们通过CloudResearch的MTurk Toolkit对970名受访者进行了在线调查实验。受访者被随机分配到以下五种情况：(1)无信息对照组，(2)错判叙事，(3)错判叙事+无罪伤害，(4)错判叙事+原罪受害者伤害，(5)错判叙事+实际罪犯伤害。然后，我们评估了受访者的受害担忧和政策偏好。结果强调错判的不同危害一般不影响受害关注，对政策偏好影响不大。然而，关于无罪释放者的苦难和公共安全问题的叙述不断增加公众对无罪释放者赔偿的支持。我们还发现，人们的反应存在轻微的意识形态差异。研究结果支持这样一种观点，即错误的判决对公众舆论的影响是微妙的、动态的和多方面的。

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引用次数: 0

Now you see it, now you don’t: social systematic observation of physical disorder using Google Street View 现在你看到了，现在你看不到：使用谷歌街景对身体障碍的社会系统观察

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09655-4

Lisa M. Pierotte, Lauren Porter, Alaina De Biasi

Objectives

Dilapidated or neglected aspects of the built environment — such as abandoned houses or litter — are recognized across disciplines as harmful to community wellbeing and safety. Researchers utilize a variety of tools to observe these items, with Google Street View (GSV) being among the most recent advances. While GSV allows researchers to virtually visit locations without the time, cost, and resources required to go in-person, the validity and reliability of these observations may raise concerns.

Methods

In this study, we examine inter-method and inter-coder reliability for 22 items consistent with established indicators of physical disorder and guardianship. We compare physical disorder observations across 5 researchers who coded 30 streets in Baltimore City, both in-person and using GSV.

Results

Using the intra-class correlation coefficient, we find higher reliability across coders and methods for items that are less transitory (e.g., boarded up windows). In addition, consistency issues between GSV and in-person methods were prevalent and largely pointed to validity issues in GSV. Specifically, many items that were observed in person were “missed” in GSV.

Conclusions

While our findings indicate a preference for the validity and reliability of in-person observation, they do not serve as a final verdict on the utility of GSV.

目标建筑环境中破旧或被忽视的方面--如废弃房屋或垃圾--被各学科公认为对社区福祉和安全有害。研究人员利用各种工具来观察这些物品，其中谷歌街景（GSV）是最新的进展之一。虽然谷歌街景可以让研究人员虚拟访问这些地点，而无需花费时间、成本和资源亲自前往，但这些观察结果的有效性和可靠性可能会引起关注。方法在本研究中，我们检查了与身体失调和监护权既定指标一致的 22 个项目的方法间和编码者间可靠性。我们比较了 5 位研究人员对巴尔的摩市 30 条街道的物理失调观察结果，他们既有亲自观察的，也有使用 GSV 进行观察的。结果使用类内相关系数，我们发现不同编码者和方法之间对较少短暂性的项目（如被木板封住的窗户）的可靠性较高。此外，GSV 和面对面方法之间普遍存在一致性问题，这在很大程度上说明了 GSV 的有效性问题。结论虽然我们的研究结果表明，我们更倾向于采用当面观察的有效性和可靠性，但这并不能作为对 GSV 实用性的最终定论。

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引用次数: 0

An experimental study on the effect of prosecutorial Brady violations on confidence in exonerating individuals wrongfully convicted of murder 关于检察官违反布雷迪规定对被误判为谋杀罪的人免罪信心的影响的实验研究

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09658-1

John C. Navarro, Michael A. Hansen

Objectives

While several contributing factors can lead to wrongful convictions, it is unclear whether the public perceives these methods of exonerating convicted murderers differently.

Methods

We distributed an online survey to a nationally representative sample of 1193 individuals. After reading a prompt about the increased attention and production of digital media on wrongful convictions and exonerations, respondents were randomized into two conditions to evaluate their confidence in the exoneration of a convicted murderer across four contributing factors. The experimental condition contained the addition of prosecutorial misconduct in withholding evidence.

Results

Public confidence in wrongful conviction exonerations varied across the four contributing factors, with DNA evidence consistently held in the highest regard. Confidence then followed a descending order, beginning with police-induced forced confessions, false testimonies, and eyewitness statements, with all three showing increased confidence ratings when prosecutorial misconduct was involved.

Conclusions

The public distinguishes between contributing factors in murder exonerations. DNA is the most trusted evidence for murder exonerations regardless of misconduct, while confidence in the other contributing factors to exonerate murderers significantly increases when prosecutorial misconduct is present.

虽然有几个因素可能导致错误的定罪，但尚不清楚公众是否对这些为已定罪的杀人犯开脱的方法有不同的看法。方法我们对全国1193名具有代表性的个人进行了在线调查。在阅读了一篇关于数字媒体对错误定罪和无罪释放的关注和制作的提示后，受访者被随机分为两种情况，以评估他们对被定罪的杀人犯无罪释放的信心。实验条件包含了检察官隐瞒证据的不当行为。结果公众对错判无罪的信心在四个因素中有所不同，DNA证据一直是最受重视的。人们的信心依次递减，首先是警察逼供，其次是虚假证词，最后是目击证人陈述。当涉及到检方的不当行为时，这三者的信心指数都有所上升。结论：公众区分了谋杀无罪的促成因素。无论是否存在不当行为，DNA都是证明谋杀无罪的最可信的证据，而当检察官存在不当行为时，人们对其他有助于证明谋杀无罪的因素的信心大大增加。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond conventional metrics: the elusive impact of the Pilares program on crime in Mexico City 超越传统指标：皮拉雷斯计划对墨西哥城犯罪的难以捉摸的影响

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09656-3

Carlos Vilalta, Oscar Sanchez-Siordia, Pablo Lopez-Ramirez, Gustavo Fondevila

Objectives

The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the Pilares community program on crime rates and crime harm in Mexico City during the period from 2019 to 2023.

Methods

Employing a staggered difference-in-differences methodology, we examined the effects of the Pilares program on three crime metrics—Crime Rate (CR), Crime Harm per Resident (CHIP), and Crime Harm per Victim (CHIV)—within 10-block and 20-block areas surrounding the Pilares centers.

Results

The analysis did not detect statistically significant changes in the CR, CHIP, or CHIV that could be attributed to the Pilares program. Unexpectedly, a slight increase in the CR was observed in 2023 within the 20-block areas surrounding the program sites.

Conclusions

The results of our analysis suggest that the Pilares program did not impact crime rates or related harm within the evaluated timeframe. This finding underscores the complexities involved in assessing community-based interventions in high-crime vulnerable areas.

本研究的目的是评估皮拉雷斯社区计划在2019年至2023年期间对墨西哥城犯罪率和犯罪危害的影响。方法采用交错差中差方法，我们在皮拉雷斯中心周围的10个街区和20个街区范围内检查了皮拉雷斯项目对三个犯罪指标的影响——犯罪率（CR）、每位居民的犯罪伤害（CHIP）和每位受害者的犯罪伤害（CHIV）。结果分析未发现可归因于Pilares计划的CR、CHIP或CHIV的统计学显著变化。出乎意料的是，在2023年，在项目场地周围的20个街区区域内，观察到CR略有增加。结论：我们的分析结果表明，在评估的时间框架内，皮拉雷斯计划没有影响犯罪率或相关危害。这一发现强调了在高犯罪率脆弱地区评估社区干预措施的复杂性。

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引用次数: 0

Analyzing the impacts of race, addiction, drug type, and criminal record on public support for criminalized and medicalized sentencing approaches toward illegal drug use 分析种族、成瘾、药物类型和犯罪记录对公众支持对非法药物使用的刑事化和医疗化量刑方法的影响

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09657-2

Carolina R. Caliman, Colleen M. Berryessa

Objectives

This study examines how a defendant’s addiction, prior criminal record, race, and drug type impact public support for criminalized and medicalized sentencing approaches to illegal drug use, as well as how such support may be moderated by participants’ levels of essentialist thinking.

Methods

This study is a fully-crossed, randomized experiment with a lay public sample (N = 1208).

Results

Public support for medicalized approaches to sentencing was significantly higher for oxycodone and heroin. Support for criminalized approaches was significantly higher for crack and cocaine, and when the defendant was Hispanic, Black, or had a violent criminal record. Essentialist thinking generally predicted increased support for criminalized approaches, but increased support for medicalized approaches when addiction was known.

Conclusions

This research highlights the role of different factors in shaping public support for drug sentencing approaches, as well as suggests that public attitudes about drugs are deeply intertwined with societal narratives about race, addiction, and criminality.

目的：本研究探讨被告的成瘾、前科、种族和药物类型如何影响公众对非法药物使用的刑事化和医疗化量刑方法的支持，以及这种支持如何被参与者的本质主义思维水平所调节。方法采用全交叉随机实验，随机抽样1208例。结果羟考酮和海洛因药物化量刑的支持率明显高于其他药物。对于快克和可卡因，当被告是西班牙裔、黑人或有暴力犯罪记录时，对犯罪化方法的支持明显更高。本质主义思维通常预测对犯罪化方法的支持会增加，但当已知成瘾时，对医疗化方法的支持会增加。本研究强调了不同因素在影响公众对毒品量刑方法的支持方面的作用，并表明公众对毒品的态度与种族、成瘾和犯罪的社会叙事深深交织在一起。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the impact of safety interventions on open drug markets in a small Swedish municipality using synthetic control methods 使用综合控制方法评估安全干预措施对瑞典一个小城市开放药物市场的影响

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09652-7

Vania Ceccato, Marco Antonio Jorge, Gabriel Gliori

Objectives

We analyze the impact of the “Stoppa droghandeln” (“Stop the drug trade”) program, a set of safety interventions aimed at reducing crime, particularly drug-related crimes, in a small Swedish municipality (Österåker) from 2018 to 2023.

Methods

We use a count-based synthetic control approach to compare police crime data before and after beginning the safety interventions (“Stop the drug trade”). This quasi-experimental design was used to infer the causal effects of “Stop the drug trade” on crime, using an evaluation framework including several robustness tests with different crime types. Cluster detection analysis was also used to monitor potential changes in the geography of open drug markets.

Results

In 2023, Österåker performed better than 82% of all Swedish municipalities for drug-related offenses. Estimates indicate that 3221 crimes were prevented in Österåker, including 589 less drug-related offenses. However, the non-significant p-values suggest that Österåker’s crime reduction did not outperform most other municipalities. While this could be due to other municipalities implementing their own interventions, the magnitude and consistency of the treatment effects across crime types in Österåker make it unlikely that these results occurred by chance. In terms of geography, clusters of drug-related offenses were stable, and after the interventions, they became more concentrated in particular places.

Conclusions

This study’s findings underscore the potential impact of a blend of social and situational crime prevention interventions to reduce drug-related offenses and other crimes in a small municipality. The Österåker case demonstrates that strategies should target specific types of crime and monitor possible shifts in crime concentration across different parts of the study area over time. The synthetic control method helped isolate the impact of safety interventions on drug-related crime, demonstrating its value as a tool for policy evaluation.

我们分析了“Stoppa droghandeln”（“停止毒品交易”）计划的影响，这是一套旨在减少犯罪，特别是与毒品有关的犯罪的安全干预措施，在瑞典的一个小城市（Österåker）从2018年到2023年。方法我们使用基于计数的综合控制方法来比较安全干预（“停止毒品交易”）开始前后的警察犯罪数据。这种准实验设计被用来推断“停止毒品交易”对犯罪的因果影响，使用了一个评估框架，其中包括几种不同犯罪类型的稳健性测试。聚类检测分析还用于监测开放药物市场地理的潜在变化。结果在2023年，Österåker在毒品犯罪方面的表现优于82%的瑞典城市。据估计，Österåker预防了3221起犯罪，其中与毒品有关的犯罪减少了589起。然而，非显著p值表明Österåker在减少犯罪方面的表现并不优于大多数其他城市。虽然这可能是由于其他城市实施了自己的干预措施，但Österåker中不同犯罪类型的治疗效果的规模和一致性使这些结果不太可能是偶然发生的。从地理上看，毒品相关犯罪的集群是稳定的，在干预之后，它们变得更加集中在特定的地方。这项研究的结果强调了社会和情境犯罪预防干预的混合对减少小型城市中与毒品有关的犯罪和其他犯罪的潜在影响。Österåker案例表明，策略应该针对特定类型的犯罪，并监测研究区域不同地区犯罪集中的可能变化。综合控制方法有助于隔离安全干预措施对毒品相关犯罪的影响，表明其作为政策评估工具的价值。

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引用次数: 0

A commentary on Duan et al.: RNR’s luster remains 对Duan等人的评论：RNR的光彩依然存在

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09654-5

James Bonta, Paul Gendreau

Objectives

Duan et al. (2024) published a meta-analysis in this journal claiming that the risk-need-responsivity principles are not “golden”.

Methods

We challenge their conclusion by pointing out some major errors in their literature search and classification of studies.

Results

Central to our argument is that Duan and his colleagues incorrectly identified a significant number of RNR studies as non-RNR. Consequently, their results led to an incorrect conclusion.

Conclusion

Our re-analysis of their data finds that the RNR principles remain highly relevant to the rehabilitation field.

Duan等人（2024）在该杂志上发表了一篇荟萃分析，声称风险-需求-反应原则并非“黄金”原则。方法对他们的结论提出质疑，指出他们在文献检索和研究分类上的一些主要错误。我们的论点的核心是Duan和他的同事错误地将大量RNR研究识别为非RNR。因此，他们的结果导致了一个错误的结论。结论我们重新分析了他们的数据，发现RNR原则在康复领域仍然具有很高的相关性。

引用次数: 0

Police recruitment through an intergroup communication lens: a randomized experiment 群体间沟通视角下的警察招募：一个随机实验

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09659-0

Shawn L. Hill, Laure Brimbal, Edward R. Maguire, Eve Stephens

Objectives

Many police agencies now find it difficult to recruit and retain officers. To learn more about these issues, we used a factorial survey experiment to test whether recruitment materials inspired by the intergroup communication literature are more effective than standard police recruitment materials.

Methods

We showed vignettes to a sample of 378 communication students. Within the vignettes, we varied how a policewoman described her career and her life. We then measured the extent to which the treatment conditions influenced participants’ general attitudes toward police and specific attitudes toward working in policing.

Results

The treatment did not have significant effects on the two general attitudinal outcomes, but did have significant effects on respondents’ interest in working in policing.

Conclusions

Incorporating principles from the study of intergroup communication can help police agencies attract a larger and more potentially diverse pool of candidates.

目标现在，许多警察机构都发现很难招募和留住警员。为了进一步了解这些问题，我们使用了一个因子调查实验来测试受群体间交流文献启发的招聘材料是否比标准的警察招聘材料更有效。在这些小故事中，我们改变了女警察对其职业和生活的描述方式。然后我们测量了处理条件对参与者对警察的一般态度和对从事警务工作的具体态度的影响程度。结果处理对两种一般态度结果没有显著影响，但对受访者从事警务工作的兴趣有显著影响。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term effects of medication-assisted treatment in opioid using offenders in German prisoners—treatment outcomes in prison and after release 药物辅助治疗对德国囚犯中使用阿片类药物的罪犯的长期影响——监狱和释放后的治疗结果

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09653-6

Mark Stemmler, Kerstin Geißelsöder, Maren Weiss, Mavi Hornegger, Johann Endres

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effects of medication-assisted treatment after release from prison. We compared prisoners receiving medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) to prisoners receiving no MOUD, on a number of outcome variables. Self-reported drug use was confirmed with laboratory tests.

Methods

A sample of 247 prisoners in German prisons completed the European Addiction Severity Index shortly before release. Subjects were contacted again at 1, 3–6, and 12 months after release for telephone interviews.

Results

Compared to no-MOUD subjects, MOUD subjects reported fewer illegal opioids and significantly fewer non-prescribed substitution medications. MOUD participants showed high treatment continuity through 12 months. Benefits of MOUD peaked at 3–6 months; effects were reduced at 12 months. Convergent validity of the self-report measure of drug use with laboratory drug screenings was satisfactorily high (~ 71% convergence).

Conclusions

For long-term sustainability of MOUD effects, additional psychosocial interventions are recommended.

目的探讨刑满释放后药物辅助治疗的长期效果。我们比较了接受阿片类药物使用障碍（mod）药物治疗的囚犯和未接受mod药物治疗的囚犯的一些结果变量。自我报告的药物使用情况通过实验室检查得到证实。方法选取247名德国监狱在押人员，在释放前完成欧洲成瘾严重程度指数。在释放后1个月、3-6个月和12个月再次联系受试者进行电话访谈。结果与非吸毒组相比，吸毒组报告的非法阿片类药物较少，非处方替代药物明显减少。mod参与者在12个月内表现出较高的治疗连续性。mod的益处在3-6个月时达到顶峰；12个月时效果降低。药物使用自述量表与实验室药物筛选的收敛效度令人满意地高（~ 71%的收敛度）。结论为了使mod的效果长期持续，建议采取额外的社会心理干预措施。

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引用次数: 0