Journal of Experimental Criminology最新文献_第4页

Experimental evidence shows police leaders may make strategic decisions depending on visuals presented: results from a multi-armed survey experiment 实验证据表明，警察领导人可能会根据呈现的视觉效果做出战略决策：来自多武装调查实验的结果

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09673-w

Renee J. Mitchell, Hunter M. Boehme, Cannon Fulmer

Purpose

To examine whether various data structures, visualizations, and “nudges” impact police leader’s (lieutenant and above) strategic crime prevention decisions.

Methods

We utilized a multi-armed survey experiment in which police leaders (N = 1195) were randomly assigned various data visuals and “nudges” to investigate their impact on police leader’s decision-making intentions.

Results

When police leaders were presented process behavioral charts and hot spot street segment maps, they more accurately identified jurisdictional crime trends and high crime areas, respectively. However, when presented with kernel density maps compared to hot spot maps, police leaders were not influenced by data visuals and no more likely to respond to crime problems with empirically promising evidence-based practices.

Conclusions

This study highlights the value of data presentation and visualizations in how data is presented (e.g., charts, maps) influences police leaders’ decision-making. Data analysts should present refined (micro-unit) data visuals to avoid misappropriating police resources in areas where police resources may not be heavily needed. Further, process behavioral charts provide realistic variations in jurisdictional crime trends, which were clearly interpreted by police leaders. Police researchers should consistently keep police leaders apprised of “what works, what doesn’t, what’s promising,” while police leaders should engage with data/research and consider implementing evidence-based practices.

目的研究各种数据结构、可视化和“助推”是否会影响警察领导（中尉及以上）的战略犯罪预防决策。方法采用多臂调查实验，对1195名警察领导随机分配不同的数据视觉和“助推”，考察其对警察领导决策意图的影响。当向警察领导展示过程行为图和热点街道段图时，他们分别更准确地识别出辖区内的犯罪趋势和高犯罪率地区。然而，与热点地图相比，当呈现核密度地图时，警察领导不受数据视觉效果的影响，也不太可能用经验上有希望的基于证据的做法来应对犯罪问题。本研究强调了数据呈现和可视化的价值，即数据呈现（如图表、地图）如何影响警察领导的决策。数据分析人员应提供精细的（微单元）数据视觉效果，以避免在可能不需要大量警察资源的地区挪用警察资源。此外，过程行为图表提供了司法管辖区犯罪趋势的现实变化，这些变化由警察领导人清楚地解释。警察研究人员应该始终让警察领导了解“什么有效，什么无效，什么有希望”，而警察领导应该参与数据/研究，并考虑实施循证实践。

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引用次数: 0

Most Americans do not like mass incarceration: penal sensibility in an era of declining punitiveness 大多数美国人不喜欢大规模监禁：在惩罚力度下降的时代，这是一种刑罚敏感性

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09671-y

Alexander L. Burton, Francis T. Cullen, Cheryl Lero Jonson, Justin T. Pickett

Objectives

This study examines the extent to which “mass incarceration” has support among the American public as the lynchpin of correctional policy.

Methods

Three information experiments embedded in a 2023 nationwide YouGov survey of 1000 Americans tested whether providing facts about the extent and nature of incarceration impacts public opinion.

Results

Few Americans support the imprisonment binge; many are emotionally bothered by it and believe it is immoral, inhumane, and/or racist. The experimental information treatments had little impact on public opinion, which is consistent with the theory that popular discourse, media coverage, and personal and vicarious experiences with incarceration have increased Americans’ awareness of the carceral state.

Conclusions

The findings align with broader evidence that public punitiveness has declined in recent years, ushering in a new penal sensibility. The results suggest the “get tough” movement has lost traction in the United States, partly because of growing knowledge about the carceral state.

本研究考察了“大规模监禁”在多大程度上得到了美国公众的支持，并将其作为矫正政策的关键。YouGov在2023年对1000名美国人进行了一项全国性调查，其中包含三项信息实验，测试提供有关监禁程度和性质的事实是否会影响公众舆论。结果很少有美国人支持监禁狂欢；许多人在情感上受到困扰，认为这是不道德的、不人道的和/或种族主义的。实验信息处理对公众舆论的影响很小，这与大众话语、媒体报道以及个人和间接的监禁经历增加了美国人对监禁状态的认识的理论是一致的。这些发现与更广泛的证据一致，即近年来公众惩罚力度有所下降，带来了一种新的刑罚敏感性。调查结果表明，“强硬起来”运动在美国已经失去了吸引力，部分原因是人们对加州的了解越来越多。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of direct interventions for antisocial cognition on recidivism in antisocial populations: a meta-analysis 反社会认知直接干预对反社会人群再犯的影响：一项荟萃分析

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09675-8

Glenn D. Walters

Objectives

A meta-analysis was performed on seven studies in which a treatment program that directly addressed antisocial cognition in offenders was contrasted with a no-treatment or treatment as usual control group.

Methods

Pre-post administrations of antisocial cognition measures were available for 2 of the 7 studies and revealed medium reductions (Cohen’s d) in pro-criminal attitudes (Criminal Sentiments Scale) and very large reductions in criminal thinking (Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles) in participants receiving direct interventions for antisocial cognition. A meta-analysis of recidivism data gathered from all 7 studies then followed.

Results

Fixed effect and random effects meta-analyses produced pooled effect sizes (odds ratio) of 0.648–0.657. There was no evidence of study heterogeneity or publication bias.

Conclusions

These results indicate that the odds of recidivism were 34–35% lower in participants who went through an antisocial cognition-based treatment group compared to participants assigned to a control group.

目的对七项研究进行荟萃分析，将直接解决罪犯反社会认知问题的治疗方案与不治疗组或常规治疗组进行对比。方法7项研究中，有2项研究在接受反社会认知直接干预后，在亲犯罪态度（犯罪情绪量表）和犯罪思维（犯罪思维风格心理量表）方面均有中等程度的降低（Cohen’s d），而在犯罪思维（犯罪思维风格心理量表）方面则有很大程度的降低。随后对从所有7项研究中收集的累犯数据进行了荟萃分析。结果固定效应和随机效应荟萃分析产生的合并效应大小（优势比）为0.648-0.657。没有证据表明存在研究异质性或发表偏倚。结论反社会认知治疗组的再犯率比对照组低34-35%。

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引用次数: 0

When parents split: juvenile delinquency and its mechanisms 当父母离异：青少年犯罪及其机制

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09674-9

Sunmin Hong, Yeungjeom Lee

Objective

This study investigates how transitioning to a single-parent family influences adolescent delinquency, examining the mediating roles of changes in parental control and environmental factors in this relationship.

Methods

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, this study employs propensity score matching to reduce selection bias in examining the effects of family structure transitions (N = 1523).

Results

The transition to single-parent families significantly predicted increased delinquent behavior. Analysis of mediating factors revealed that residential mobility largely explained the relationship between family structure transitions and delinquency.

Conclusions

The results of our analysis highlight how specific mechanisms link family structure transitions to adolescent delinquency, suggesting that maintaining consistent parental control and minimizing environmental disruption may help reduce delinquency risks in transitioning families.

目的探讨过渡到单亲家庭对青少年犯罪的影响，并探讨父母控制和环境因素的变化在这一关系中的中介作用。方法利用1997年全国青年纵向调查的数据，采用倾向得分匹配法来减少家庭结构变迁影响的选择偏差（N = 1523）。结果过渡到单亲家庭对青少年不良行为有显著的预测作用。中介因素分析表明，居住流动性在很大程度上解释了家庭结构变迁与犯罪之间的关系。我们的分析结果强调了家庭结构转变与青少年犯罪之间的具体机制，表明保持一致的父母控制和尽量减少环境干扰可能有助于降低过渡家庭的犯罪风险。

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引用次数: 0

Pre-ejection period (PEP) in reward task and recurring victimization: A pilot study 奖励任务中的预排斥期与反复受害：一项初步研究

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09665-w

Katelyn P. Hancock, Frances R. Chen, Leah E. Daigle

Objectives

This study examines the relationship between pre-ejection period (PEP) reward reactivity, a peripheral marker for central dopamine reactivity during reward responding, and sexual victimization and recurring sexual victimization.

Methods

Electrocardiogram and impedance cardiography were recorded during a simple number-matching reward task to calculate PEP reward reactivity among 44 female college students.

Results

We found that those who experienced recurring sexual victimization had less PEP shortening to reward than those who experienced a single victimization and no victimization in a two-group (i.e., recurring vs. others) comparison. However, when examining these three groups, the differences in scores were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

In line with similar research, less PEP shortening among recurring sexual victims may suggest that they are insensitive physiologically to reward and may seek sensation or risk to upregulate their central dopamine activity. Findings should be contextualized within the lens of novel exploratory research, limited by sample size (n = 44).

目的本研究探讨了奖赏反应期间中枢多巴胺反应的外周标志物--射血前期（PEP）奖赏反应性与性受害和反复性受害之间的关系。结果我们发现，在两组（即重复性伤害与他人伤害）比较中，经历过重复性伤害的人与只经历过一次伤害或没有经历过伤害的人相比，对奖赏的前射血期缩短程度较低、反复与其他）比较。结论与类似的研究一致，重复性受害者的 PEP 缩短较少，这可能表明他们在生理上对奖赏不敏感，可能会寻求感觉或风险来提高中枢多巴胺的活性。由于样本量（n = 44）的限制，研究结果应结合新的探索性研究的背景。

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引用次数: 0

Improving opportunities for behavioral health care management compliance using behavioral nudges: a randomized-control trial of automated appointment notifications for people on probation 利用行为引导改善行为健康管理合规机会：针对缓刑犯的自动预约通知随机对照试验

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09672-x

Samuel J. A. Scaggs, Samantha A. Tosto, Nicole Jasperson, Kim Janda, Pamela K. Lattimore

Objectives

This study uses a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the effectiveness of an automated appointment notification system used to improve initial appointment attendance for probation-mandated, nonclinical care management.

Methods

The RCT compared care management intake appointment attendance among individuals who received automated notifications from a control group. A total of 1004 individuals were included in the analytic sample. Analyses explored whether automated notification receipt informs intake attendance rates net of other variables.

Results

Receiving appointment notifications significantly improves intake attendance even after accounting for individual-level characteristics. Additionally, those with a property offense or a prior supervision or incarceration term had lower intake attendance rates.

Conclusions

The current study serves as a proof of concept that advancing technological tools can improve compliance with probation-mandated care management. Future research should evaluate how to optimize this technology and inform best practices for engaging individuals on community supervision.

目的：本研究采用随机对照试验（RCT）来调查自动预约通知系统的有效性，该系统用于提高试用期强制的非临床护理管理的初次预约出勤率。方法该随机对照试验比较了收到自动通知的对照组患者的护理管理入院预约出勤率。分析样本共1004人。分析探讨了自动通知接收是否通知了除其他变量外的入学出勤率。结果即使在考虑了个人层面的特征后，接收预约通知也显著提高了入院的出勤率。此外，那些有财产犯罪或先前监督或监禁期的人的入学率较低。结论目前的研究证明了先进的技术工具可以提高缓刑强制护理管理的依从性。未来的研究应该评估如何优化这项技术，并为参与社区监督的个人提供最佳实践。

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引用次数: 0

Reactions to sexual and monetary bribes 对性和金钱贿赂的反应

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09670-z

Richard B. Felson, Eric Silver, Jason R. Silver

Objectives

We examine attitudes toward punishment of authorities and subordinates who participate in sexual and monetary bribery.

Methods

A nationally representative sample of 1050 respondents were presented with vignettes in an experimental design. We manipulated the type of payoff, who requested the bribe, the gender of the participants, and how common such payoffs were in that setting.

Results

In support of attribution theory, the results showed that respondents were more punitive toward authorities than subordinates and toward whoever proposed the bribe. The results also showed that respondents, particularly female respondents, were more punitive toward authorities when the payoff was sexual.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that people become more punitive when sex is treated as a commodity. A three-way interaction indicated that respondents were particularly punitive toward authorities in the MeToo scenario, i.e., when a man offered a reward to a woman for a sexual payoff.

目的研究参与性贿赂和金钱贿赂的上级和下级对惩罚的态度。方法采用实验设计，对1050名具有全国代表性的调查对象进行问卷调查。我们操纵了支付的类型、索要贿赂的人、参与者的性别，以及这种支付在这种情况下的常见程度。结果调查结果显示，被调查者对上级的惩罚程度高于下属和行贿者，支持归因理论。调查结果还显示，受访者，尤其是女性受访者，在以性为回报时，对当局的惩罚力度更大。研究结果表明，当性被视为一种商品时，人们会变得更有惩罚性。三方互动表明，在MeToo情景中，即当一名男子向一名女子提供性报酬时，受访者对当局的惩罚尤其严重。

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引用次数: 0

Texas attorneys recognize problematic eyewitness procedures, but plea away anyway 德州律师承认目击证人程序存在问题，但无论如何都要抗辩

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09668-7

Angela M. Jones, Elizabeth A. Quinby

Objectives

In a conceptual replication and extension of Pezdek and O’Brien (2014), we investigated eyewitness knowledge and plea-bargaining decisions among Texas attorneys.

Methods

Attorneys (N = 196) completed a knowledge survey and an experimental vignette that varied the quality of two identification procedures used to secure the sole piece of evidence in a case on plea-bargaining decisions.

Results

Attorneys were mostly knowledgeable of eyewitness recommendations but were not sensitive to the quality of identification procedures in the vignette. Overall, prosecutors were more likely to view the defendant as guilty, offer a plea, and seek harsher sentences than defense attorneys.

Conclusions

These results suggest attorneys are not attuned to problematic police practices or do not view biased instructions and single-blind administration as problematic enough to change plea-bargaining decisions. New avenues for increasing sensitivity are needed.

在Pezdek和O 'Brien（2014）的概念复制和扩展中，我们调查了德克萨斯州律师的目击证人知识和辩诉交易决定。方法律师（N = 196）完成了一项知识调查和一项实验小短文，以改变两种鉴定程序的质量，这些程序用于确保辩诉交易决定中唯一的证据。结果律师大多了解目击者的建议，但对小短文中鉴定程序的质量不敏感。总的来说，检察官比辩护律师更有可能认为被告有罪，提出抗辩，并寻求更严厉的判决。这些结果表明，律师不适应有问题的警察做法，也不认为有偏见的指示和单盲管理有足够的问题来改变辩诉交易的决定。需要增加敏感性的新途径。

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引用次数: 0

The Damocles effect: judges may inflate the duration of suspended prison terms by over 50% 达摩克利斯效应：法官可能会将缓刑期限延长50%以上

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09669-6

Andrzej Uhl

Objective

Legal scholars suspect that judges choose longer prison terms when they are going to suspend the sentence. This study examines this so-called sentence inflation in a controlled condition, holding case-related confounds constant.

Methods

I analyze the differences between suspended and unsuspended prison terms in the data from the Polish judicial exam. Each judge (N = 232) sentenced the same case based on a detailed court file. Judges had high stakes in the exam and spent over 6 h choosing and justifying the sentence.

Results

Many judges sentenced the offenders to prison. The suspended prison terms were 60 to 168% longer than unsuspended prison terms meted out in the identical case.

Conclusions

Judges display a tendency to inflate suspended prison terms, perhaps in order to appease the punitive public and strengthen individual deterrence. With high reoffending rates, this well-intentioned practice might backfire, leading to a surge in the prison population.

法律学者怀疑法官在缓期执行时选择了更长的刑期。本研究在控制条件下检验了这种所谓的句子膨胀，保持与病例相关的混淆不变。方法分析波兰司法考试数据中缓刑与非缓刑刑期的差异。每位法官（N = 232）根据详细的法庭档案对同一案件作出判决。法官们在考试中付出了很大的代价，花了6个多小时来选择和证明判决的正确性。结果许多法官判处罪犯入狱。在同一案件中，缓刑的刑期比未缓刑的刑期长60%至168%。法官表现出夸大缓刑刑期的倾向，也许是为了安抚惩罚性的公众并加强个人威慑。由于再犯罪率很高，这种善意的做法可能会适得其反，导致监狱人口激增。

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引用次数: 0

‘I can see that it’s bad for them’: third party judgements about the effect of procedural injustice on mental health and relationships with the police “我能看到这对他们不好”：关于程序不公正对心理健康和与警方关系的影响的第三方判断

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09667-8

Arabella Kyprianides, Ben Bradford

Objectives

Explore why people react so strongly to procedural injustice experienced by others. One possibility is that people recognise the marginalisation and psychological harm that injustice can cause.

Methods

An online experiment tested whether exposure to procedurally unjust police behaviour directed at crime victims would influence participants’ assessments of the subject’s marginalisation, mental health outcomes, and their overall perceptions of the police (N = 300).

Results

Exposure to procedurally unjust police behaviour led to more negative evaluations of its psychological impact on the victim. Procedural injustice was seen as harmful to mental health due to its link to social exclusion. Such exposure reduced trust, legitimacy, and identification with police. These negative perceptions were driven by recognition of the victim’s psychological harm.

Conclusion

Findings highlight the critical role of psychological harm in driving public responses to unjust policing. Addressing this harm is essential for fostering trust and repairing fractured relationships between police and the communities they serve.

目的探讨为什么人们对他人经历的程序不公正反应如此强烈。一种可能是，人们认识到不公正可能造成的边缘化和心理伤害。方法一项在线实验测试了暴露于针对犯罪受害者的程序上不公正的警察行为是否会影响参与者对受试者边缘化、心理健康结果和他们对警察的总体看法的评估（N = 300）。结果对程序不公正警察行为的暴露导致受害者对其心理影响的负面评价较多。程序上的不公正被视为有害于心理健康，因为它与社会排斥有关。这种暴露降低了对警察的信任、合法性和认同。这些负面看法是由于认识到受害者的心理伤害而产生的。结论研究结果强调了心理伤害在推动公众对不公正警务的反应中所起的关键作用。解决这种危害对于促进信任和修复警察与他们所服务的社区之间破裂的关系至关重要。

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引用次数: 0