Journal of Experimental Criminology最新文献_第4页

Improving opportunities for behavioral health care management compliance using behavioral nudges: a randomized-control trial of automated appointment notifications for people on probation 利用行为引导改善行为健康管理合规机会：针对缓刑犯的自动预约通知随机对照试验

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09672-x

Samuel J. A. Scaggs, Samantha A. Tosto, Nicole Jasperson, Kim Janda, Pamela K. Lattimore

Objectives

This study uses a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the effectiveness of an automated appointment notification system used to improve initial appointment attendance for probation-mandated, nonclinical care management.

Methods

The RCT compared care management intake appointment attendance among individuals who received automated notifications from a control group. A total of 1004 individuals were included in the analytic sample. Analyses explored whether automated notification receipt informs intake attendance rates net of other variables.

Results

Receiving appointment notifications significantly improves intake attendance even after accounting for individual-level characteristics. Additionally, those with a property offense or a prior supervision or incarceration term had lower intake attendance rates.

Conclusions

The current study serves as a proof of concept that advancing technological tools can improve compliance with probation-mandated care management. Future research should evaluate how to optimize this technology and inform best practices for engaging individuals on community supervision.

目的：本研究采用随机对照试验（RCT）来调查自动预约通知系统的有效性，该系统用于提高试用期强制的非临床护理管理的初次预约出勤率。方法该随机对照试验比较了收到自动通知的对照组患者的护理管理入院预约出勤率。分析样本共1004人。分析探讨了自动通知接收是否通知了除其他变量外的入学出勤率。结果即使在考虑了个人层面的特征后，接收预约通知也显著提高了入院的出勤率。此外，那些有财产犯罪或先前监督或监禁期的人的入学率较低。结论目前的研究证明了先进的技术工具可以提高缓刑强制护理管理的依从性。未来的研究应该评估如何优化这项技术，并为参与社区监督的个人提供最佳实践。

{"title":"Improving opportunities for behavioral health care management compliance using behavioral nudges: a randomized-control trial of automated appointment notifications for people on probation","authors":"Samuel J. A. Scaggs, Samantha A. Tosto, Nicole Jasperson, Kim Janda, Pamela K. Lattimore","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09672-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09672-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This study uses a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the effectiveness of an automated appointment notification system used to improve initial appointment attendance for probation-mandated, nonclinical care management.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The RCT compared care management intake appointment attendance among individuals who received automated notifications from a control group. A total of 1004 individuals were included in the analytic sample. Analyses explored whether automated notification receipt informs intake attendance rates net of other variables.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Receiving appointment notifications significantly improves intake attendance even after accounting for individual-level characteristics. Additionally, those with a property offense or a prior supervision or incarceration term had lower intake attendance rates.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The current study serves as a proof of concept that advancing technological tools can improve compliance with probation-mandated care management. Future research should evaluate how to optimize this technology and inform best practices for engaging individuals on community supervision.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pre-ejection period (PEP) in reward task and recurring victimization: A pilot study 奖励任务中的预排斥期与反复受害：一项初步研究

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09665-w

Katelyn P. Hancock, Frances R. Chen, Leah E. Daigle

Objectives

This study examines the relationship between pre-ejection period (PEP) reward reactivity, a peripheral marker for central dopamine reactivity during reward responding, and sexual victimization and recurring sexual victimization.

Methods

Electrocardiogram and impedance cardiography were recorded during a simple number-matching reward task to calculate PEP reward reactivity among 44 female college students.

Results

We found that those who experienced recurring sexual victimization had less PEP shortening to reward than those who experienced a single victimization and no victimization in a two-group (i.e., recurring vs. others) comparison. However, when examining these three groups, the differences in scores were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

In line with similar research, less PEP shortening among recurring sexual victims may suggest that they are insensitive physiologically to reward and may seek sensation or risk to upregulate their central dopamine activity. Findings should be contextualized within the lens of novel exploratory research, limited by sample size (n = 44).

目的本研究探讨了奖赏反应期间中枢多巴胺反应的外周标志物--射血前期（PEP）奖赏反应性与性受害和反复性受害之间的关系。结果我们发现，在两组（即重复性伤害与他人伤害）比较中，经历过重复性伤害的人与只经历过一次伤害或没有经历过伤害的人相比，对奖赏的前射血期缩短程度较低、反复与其他）比较。结论与类似的研究一致，重复性受害者的 PEP 缩短较少，这可能表明他们在生理上对奖赏不敏感，可能会寻求感觉或风险来提高中枢多巴胺的活性。由于样本量（n = 44）的限制，研究结果应结合新的探索性研究的背景。

{"title":"Pre-ejection period (PEP) in reward task and recurring victimization: A pilot study","authors":"Katelyn P. Hancock, Frances R. Chen, Leah E. Daigle","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09665-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09665-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This study examines the relationship between pre-ejection period (PEP) reward reactivity, a peripheral marker for central dopamine reactivity during reward responding, and sexual victimization and recurring sexual victimization.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Electrocardiogram and impedance cardiography were recorded during a simple number-matching reward task to calculate PEP reward reactivity among 44 female college students.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We found that those who experienced recurring sexual victimization had less PEP shortening to reward than those who experienced a single victimization and no victimization in a two-group (i.e., recurring vs. others) comparison. However, when examining these three groups, the differences in scores were not statistically significant.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>In line with similar research, less PEP shortening among recurring sexual victims may suggest that they are insensitive physiologically to reward and may seek sensation or risk to upregulate their central dopamine activity. Findings should be contextualized within the lens of novel exploratory research, limited by sample size (<i>n</i> = 44).</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reactions to sexual and monetary bribes 对性和金钱贿赂的反应

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09670-z

Richard B. Felson, Eric Silver, Jason R. Silver

Objectives

We examine attitudes toward punishment of authorities and subordinates who participate in sexual and monetary bribery.

Methods

A nationally representative sample of 1050 respondents were presented with vignettes in an experimental design. We manipulated the type of payoff, who requested the bribe, the gender of the participants, and how common such payoffs were in that setting.

Results

In support of attribution theory, the results showed that respondents were more punitive toward authorities than subordinates and toward whoever proposed the bribe. The results also showed that respondents, particularly female respondents, were more punitive toward authorities when the payoff was sexual.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that people become more punitive when sex is treated as a commodity. A three-way interaction indicated that respondents were particularly punitive toward authorities in the MeToo scenario, i.e., when a man offered a reward to a woman for a sexual payoff.

目的研究参与性贿赂和金钱贿赂的上级和下级对惩罚的态度。方法采用实验设计，对1050名具有全国代表性的调查对象进行问卷调查。我们操纵了支付的类型、索要贿赂的人、参与者的性别，以及这种支付在这种情况下的常见程度。结果调查结果显示，被调查者对上级的惩罚程度高于下属和行贿者，支持归因理论。调查结果还显示，受访者，尤其是女性受访者，在以性为回报时，对当局的惩罚力度更大。研究结果表明，当性被视为一种商品时，人们会变得更有惩罚性。三方互动表明，在MeToo情景中，即当一名男子向一名女子提供性报酬时，受访者对当局的惩罚尤其严重。

{"title":"Reactions to sexual and monetary bribes","authors":"Richard B. Felson, Eric Silver, Jason R. Silver","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09670-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09670-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We examine attitudes toward punishment of authorities and subordinates who participate in sexual and monetary bribery.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A nationally representative sample of 1050 respondents were presented with vignettes in an experimental design. We manipulated the type of payoff, who requested the bribe, the gender of the participants, and how common such payoffs were in that setting.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>In support of attribution theory, the results showed that respondents were more punitive toward authorities than subordinates and toward whoever proposed the bribe. The results also showed that respondents, particularly female respondents, were more punitive toward authorities when the payoff was sexual.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The findings suggest that people become more punitive when sex is treated as a commodity. A three-way interaction indicated that respondents were particularly punitive toward authorities in the MeToo scenario, i.e., when a man offered a reward to a woman for a sexual payoff.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Texas attorneys recognize problematic eyewitness procedures, but plea away anyway 德州律师承认目击证人程序存在问题，但无论如何都要抗辩

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09668-7

Angela M. Jones, Elizabeth A. Quinby

Objectives

In a conceptual replication and extension of Pezdek and O’Brien (2014), we investigated eyewitness knowledge and plea-bargaining decisions among Texas attorneys.

Methods

Attorneys (N = 196) completed a knowledge survey and an experimental vignette that varied the quality of two identification procedures used to secure the sole piece of evidence in a case on plea-bargaining decisions.

Results

Attorneys were mostly knowledgeable of eyewitness recommendations but were not sensitive to the quality of identification procedures in the vignette. Overall, prosecutors were more likely to view the defendant as guilty, offer a plea, and seek harsher sentences than defense attorneys.

Conclusions

These results suggest attorneys are not attuned to problematic police practices or do not view biased instructions and single-blind administration as problematic enough to change plea-bargaining decisions. New avenues for increasing sensitivity are needed.

在Pezdek和O 'Brien（2014）的概念复制和扩展中，我们调查了德克萨斯州律师的目击证人知识和辩诉交易决定。方法律师（N = 196）完成了一项知识调查和一项实验小短文，以改变两种鉴定程序的质量，这些程序用于确保辩诉交易决定中唯一的证据。结果律师大多了解目击者的建议，但对小短文中鉴定程序的质量不敏感。总的来说，检察官比辩护律师更有可能认为被告有罪，提出抗辩，并寻求更严厉的判决。这些结果表明，律师不适应有问题的警察做法，也不认为有偏见的指示和单盲管理有足够的问题来改变辩诉交易的决定。需要增加敏感性的新途径。

{"title":"Texas attorneys recognize problematic eyewitness procedures, but plea away anyway","authors":"Angela M. Jones, Elizabeth A. Quinby","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09668-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09668-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>In a conceptual replication and extension of Pezdek and O’Brien (2014), we investigated eyewitness knowledge and plea-bargaining decisions among Texas attorneys.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Attorneys (<i>N</i> = 196) completed a knowledge survey and an experimental vignette that varied the quality of two identification procedures used to secure the sole piece of evidence in a case on plea-bargaining decisions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Attorneys were mostly knowledgeable of eyewitness recommendations but were not sensitive to the quality of identification procedures in the vignette. Overall, prosecutors were more likely to view the defendant as guilty, offer a plea, and seek harsher sentences than defense attorneys.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These results suggest attorneys are not attuned to problematic police practices or do not view biased instructions and single-blind administration as problematic enough to change plea-bargaining decisions. New avenues for increasing sensitivity are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Damocles effect: judges may inflate the duration of suspended prison terms by over 50% 达摩克利斯效应：法官可能会将缓刑期限延长50%以上

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09669-6

Andrzej Uhl

Objective

Legal scholars suspect that judges choose longer prison terms when they are going to suspend the sentence. This study examines this so-called sentence inflation in a controlled condition, holding case-related confounds constant.

Methods

I analyze the differences between suspended and unsuspended prison terms in the data from the Polish judicial exam. Each judge (N = 232) sentenced the same case based on a detailed court file. Judges had high stakes in the exam and spent over 6 h choosing and justifying the sentence.

Results

Many judges sentenced the offenders to prison. The suspended prison terms were 60 to 168% longer than unsuspended prison terms meted out in the identical case.

Conclusions

Judges display a tendency to inflate suspended prison terms, perhaps in order to appease the punitive public and strengthen individual deterrence. With high reoffending rates, this well-intentioned practice might backfire, leading to a surge in the prison population.

法律学者怀疑法官在缓期执行时选择了更长的刑期。本研究在控制条件下检验了这种所谓的句子膨胀，保持与病例相关的混淆不变。方法分析波兰司法考试数据中缓刑与非缓刑刑期的差异。每位法官（N = 232）根据详细的法庭档案对同一案件作出判决。法官们在考试中付出了很大的代价，花了6个多小时来选择和证明判决的正确性。结果许多法官判处罪犯入狱。在同一案件中，缓刑的刑期比未缓刑的刑期长60%至168%。法官表现出夸大缓刑刑期的倾向，也许是为了安抚惩罚性的公众并加强个人威慑。由于再犯罪率很高，这种善意的做法可能会适得其反，导致监狱人口激增。

{"title":"The Damocles effect: judges may inflate the duration of suspended prison terms by over 50%","authors":"Andrzej Uhl","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09669-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09669-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>Legal scholars suspect that judges choose longer prison terms when they are going to suspend the sentence. This study examines this so-called sentence inflation in a controlled condition, holding case-related confounds constant.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>I analyze the differences between suspended and unsuspended prison terms in the data from the Polish judicial exam. Each judge (<i>N</i> = 232) sentenced the same case based on a detailed court file. Judges had high stakes in the exam and spent over 6 h choosing and justifying the sentence.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Many judges sentenced the offenders to prison. The suspended prison terms were 60 to 168% longer than unsuspended prison terms meted out in the identical case.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Judges display a tendency to inflate suspended prison terms, perhaps in order to appease the punitive public and strengthen individual deterrence. With high reoffending rates, this well-intentioned practice might backfire, leading to a surge in the prison population.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘I can see that it’s bad for them’: third party judgements about the effect of procedural injustice on mental health and relationships with the police “我能看到这对他们不好”：关于程序不公正对心理健康和与警方关系的影响的第三方判断

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09667-8

Arabella Kyprianides, Ben Bradford

Objectives

Explore why people react so strongly to procedural injustice experienced by others. One possibility is that people recognise the marginalisation and psychological harm that injustice can cause.

Methods

An online experiment tested whether exposure to procedurally unjust police behaviour directed at crime victims would influence participants’ assessments of the subject’s marginalisation, mental health outcomes, and their overall perceptions of the police (N = 300).

Results

Exposure to procedurally unjust police behaviour led to more negative evaluations of its psychological impact on the victim. Procedural injustice was seen as harmful to mental health due to its link to social exclusion. Such exposure reduced trust, legitimacy, and identification with police. These negative perceptions were driven by recognition of the victim’s psychological harm.

Conclusion

Findings highlight the critical role of psychological harm in driving public responses to unjust policing. Addressing this harm is essential for fostering trust and repairing fractured relationships between police and the communities they serve.

目的探讨为什么人们对他人经历的程序不公正反应如此强烈。一种可能是，人们认识到不公正可能造成的边缘化和心理伤害。方法一项在线实验测试了暴露于针对犯罪受害者的程序上不公正的警察行为是否会影响参与者对受试者边缘化、心理健康结果和他们对警察的总体看法的评估（N = 300）。结果对程序不公正警察行为的暴露导致受害者对其心理影响的负面评价较多。程序上的不公正被视为有害于心理健康，因为它与社会排斥有关。这种暴露降低了对警察的信任、合法性和认同。这些负面看法是由于认识到受害者的心理伤害而产生的。结论研究结果强调了心理伤害在推动公众对不公正警务的反应中所起的关键作用。解决这种危害对于促进信任和修复警察与他们所服务的社区之间破裂的关系至关重要。

{"title":"‘I can see that it’s bad for them’: third party judgements about the effect of procedural injustice on mental health and relationships with the police","authors":"Arabella Kyprianides, Ben Bradford","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09667-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09667-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Explore why people react so strongly to procedural <i>injustice</i> experienced by others. One possibility is that people recognise the marginalisation and psychological harm that injustice can cause.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>An online experiment tested whether exposure to procedurally unjust police behaviour directed at crime victims would influence participants’ assessments of the subject’s marginalisation, mental health outcomes, and their overall perceptions of the police (<i>N</i> = 300).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Exposure to procedurally unjust police behaviour led to more negative evaluations of its psychological impact on the victim. Procedural injustice was seen as harmful to mental health due to its link to social exclusion. Such exposure reduced trust, legitimacy, and identification with police. These negative perceptions were driven by recognition of the victim’s psychological harm.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Findings highlight the critical role of psychological harm in driving public responses to unjust policing. Addressing this harm is essential for fostering trust and repairing fractured relationships between police and the communities they serve.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dealing with guns: investigating the spatial attraction of gun dealers on localized gun violence 与枪支打交道：调查枪支经销商对局部枪支暴力的空间吸引力

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09666-9

Elizabeth Griffiths, Jie Xu, Sandy Xie, Richard Stansfield, Daniel Semenza

Objectives

Test the spatial relationship between the locations of federally licensed firearms dealers (FFLs) and gun violence using shuttered FFLs as a counterfactual.

Methods

Using a quasi-experimental design, we evaluate the proximity of gun violence to (a) dealers and (b) the spatial footprints of former dealers. The locations of violence incidents between 2019 and 2021 in Los Angeles, CA, Dallas, TX, and Philadelphia, PA are analyzed against dealer locations using street Network Cross K methods.

Results

There is a robust attractive effect of dealers on gun violence within 3000 feet in two of the three cities, largely driven by the effect of dealers on violence in disadvantaged areas. The locations of former gun dealers did not uniformly fail to attract gun violence, however, as would be expected if FFLs were causally associated with the distribution of gun violence in cities.

Conclusions

The findings on the spatial attraction of gun violence to the locations of former gun dealers are heterogeneous across sites, leading to mixed support for a causal spatial association between gun dealers and gun violence. Limitations of using former dealers as the counterfactual include defining former dealers and the small numbers of former dealers in cities.

目标以关闭的联邦特许枪支经销商（FFL）为反事实，检验联邦特许枪支经销商（FFL）所在地与枪支暴力之间的空间关系。方法采用准实验设计，评估枪支暴力与（a）经销商和（b）前经销商的空间足迹之间的接近程度。结果在这三个城市中，有两个城市的经销商对3000英尺范围内的枪支暴力事件具有强大的吸引力，这主要是由于经销商对贫困地区暴力事件的影响。然而，前枪支经销商所在地并不像人们所预期的那样完全不能吸引枪支暴力，如果前枪支经销商与城市中的枪支暴力分布有因果关系的话。结论不同地点的前枪支经销商所在地对枪支暴力的空间吸引力不同，导致对枪支经销商与枪支暴力之间因果空间关联的支持不一。使用前枪支经销商作为反事实的局限性包括前经销商的定义和城市中前经销商的数量较少。

{"title":"Dealing with guns: investigating the spatial attraction of gun dealers on localized gun violence","authors":"Elizabeth Griffiths, Jie Xu, Sandy Xie, Richard Stansfield, Daniel Semenza","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09666-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09666-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Test the spatial relationship between the locations of federally licensed firearms dealers (FFLs) and gun violence using shuttered FFLs as a counterfactual.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Using a quasi-experimental design, we evaluate the proximity of gun violence to (a) dealers and (b) the spatial footprints of former dealers. The locations of violence incidents between 2019 and 2021 in Los Angeles, CA, Dallas, TX, and Philadelphia, PA are analyzed against dealer locations using street Network Cross K methods.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>There is a robust attractive effect of dealers on gun violence within 3000 feet in two of the three cities, largely driven by the effect of dealers on violence in disadvantaged areas. The locations of former gun dealers did not uniformly fail to attract gun violence, however, as would be expected if FFLs were causally associated with the distribution of gun violence in cities.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The findings on the spatial attraction of gun violence to the locations of former gun dealers are heterogeneous across sites, leading to mixed support for a causal spatial association between gun dealers and gun violence. Limitations of using former dealers as the counterfactual include defining former dealers and the small numbers of former dealers in cities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do direct and courtesy prison stigma hinder support for a startup business? A vignette experiment 直接和礼貌的监狱耻辱会阻碍对初创企业的支持吗？小插曲实验

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09664-x

Audrey Hickert, Luzi Shi, Olivia Shaw, Shi Yan

Objectives

Test whether support for a small business is lower when started by prisoners or mothers of prisoners compared to local residents or people who identify as LGBTQ.

Methods

We conducted a vignette experiment using a hypothetical social media post for a new business followed by closed- and open-ended questions using a national YouGov sample (N = 1300).

Results

Support for the business is lower when founded by mothers of prisoners than former prisoners (or “local residents”), but lowest when founded by people who identify as LGBTQ. Open-ended responses suggest a lack of awareness of collateral consequences for families of people in prison. Explanations consistent with courtesy stigma were also present.

Conclusions

Given the public’s growing awareness of the benefits of successful reintegration and their willingness to support second chances, more education on the collateral harms of mass incarceration on families could assist with reinvestment in these communities.

目的：与当地居民或LGBTQ人群相比，由囚犯或囚犯的母亲创办的小企业是否得到更低的支持。方法我们在YouGov的全国样本（N = 1300）中进行了一个小实验，使用假设的新业务社交媒体帖子，然后使用封闭式和开放式问题。结果：由囚犯母亲创办的企业的支持率低于前囚犯（或“当地居民”），而由LGBTQ人群创办的企业的支持率最低。开放式答复表明，缺乏对囚犯家属附带后果的认识。与礼貌污名一致的解释也存在。鉴于公众越来越意识到成功重新融入社会的好处，并且他们愿意支持第二次机会，更多关于大规模监禁对家庭的附带伤害的教育可以帮助这些社区的再投资。

{"title":"Do direct and courtesy prison stigma hinder support for a startup business? A vignette experiment","authors":"Audrey Hickert, Luzi Shi, Olivia Shaw, Shi Yan","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09664-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09664-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Test whether support for a small business is lower when started by prisoners or mothers of prisoners compared to local residents or people who identify as LGBTQ.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We conducted a vignette experiment using a hypothetical social media post for a new business followed by closed- and open-ended questions using a national YouGov sample (<i>N</i> = 1300).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Support for the business is lower when founded by mothers of prisoners than former prisoners (or “local residents”), but lowest when founded by people who identify as LGBTQ. Open-ended responses suggest a lack of awareness of collateral consequences for families of people in prison. Explanations consistent with courtesy stigma were also present.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Given the public’s growing awareness of the benefits of successful reintegration and their willingness to support second chances, more education on the collateral harms of mass incarceration on families could assist with reinvestment in these communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“You keep me hanging on”: Evidence from the Columbia door hanger experiment “你让我坚持下去”：来自哥伦比亚大学门挂实验的证据

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09662-z

Hunter M. Boehme, Brandon Tregle, Cory Schnell

Objectives

To investigate whether police deployment of door hangers providing crime prevention tips to recently victimized households and nearby households reduces property crime in treated areas.

Methods

A randomized field experiment was implemented by randomly assigning the intervention across six neighborhoods in Columbia, SC. The test period lasted 184 days, and the intervention effect was analyzed across burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft crime types.

Results

T-tests and negative binomial regression models indicated significant decreases across all property crimes and thefts in treated areas. However, there were decreases in burglaries and motor vehicle theft which were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

We provide experimental evidence on a light-footprint, super-cocooning police intervention targeting property crime. During a staffing crisis, and since Americans are more likely to experience property crime victimization compared to violent crime, police agencies should consider cost-effective and easy-to-implement strategies such as door hanger intervention to reduce property crime.

目的调查警方部署门牌，向最近受害家庭及附近家庭提供预防犯罪提示，是否能减少受害地区的财产犯罪。方法采用随机现场实验方法，在哥伦比亚市6个社区随机分配干预措施，测试期184 d，分析入室盗窃、盗窃和机动车盗窃犯罪类型的干预效果。结果测试和负二项回归模型表明，在处理地区，所有财产犯罪和盗窃都显著减少。然而，入室行窃和机动车盗窃案有所减少，这在统计上并不显著。结论为轻足迹、超级茧状警务干预打击财产犯罪提供了实验证据。在人员危机期间，由于与暴力犯罪相比，美国人更容易遭受财产犯罪的伤害，警察机构应该考虑成本效益高且易于实施的策略，如门挂干预，以减少财产犯罪。

{"title":"“You keep me hanging on”: Evidence from the Columbia door hanger experiment","authors":"Hunter M. Boehme, Brandon Tregle, Cory Schnell","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09662-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09662-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>To investigate whether police deployment of door hangers providing crime prevention tips to recently victimized households and nearby households reduces property crime in treated areas.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A randomized field experiment was implemented by randomly assigning the intervention across six neighborhoods in Columbia, SC. The test period lasted 184 days, and the intervention effect was analyzed across burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft crime types.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p><i>T</i>-tests and negative binomial regression models indicated significant decreases across all property crimes and thefts in treated areas. However, there were decreases in burglaries and motor vehicle theft which were not statistically significant.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>We provide experimental evidence on a light-footprint, super-cocooning police intervention targeting property crime. During a staffing crisis, and since Americans are more likely to experience property crime victimization compared to violent crime, police agencies should consider cost-effective and easy-to-implement strategies such as door hanger intervention to reduce property crime.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"78 5 Pt 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Safe consumption sites and crime: A staggered synthetic control evaluation of Toronto’s expanding safe consumption site network 安全消费场所和犯罪：多伦多扩大安全消费场所网络的交错综合控制评价

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09663-y

Ainsley Frederick, Nathan T. Connealy, Timothy Cubitt

Objectives

This study analyzes the potential criminogenic effect of safe consumption sites (SCSs) in one of the most longstanding and expansive operational networks across Toronto, Canada. The analyses are positioned to test for changes in crime levels and both immediate and spatial effects for total, property, and violent crime events resulting from SCS implementation.

Methods

Staggered synthetic control methods were used to measure changes in crime levels pre- and post-SCS implementation. The method is flexible to variation in treatment locations and timing, allows for aggregate and phase-specific effects to be calculated, and is a robust quasi-experimental method for measuring change at microlevel units of analysis. Following the analysis measuring changes in crime levels, the spatial distribution of crime events was also assessed pre- and post-implementation to determine if the spatial patterning of crime events changed following SCS openings.

Results

The analyses indicated that crime did not significantly change following SCS implementation in the aggregate across the entire network. However, some phase-specific effects for individual SCSs demonstrated some notable changes in crime levels and directional heterogeneity, and the spatial distributions showed some meaningful changes in the spatial patterning of violent (further) and property (closer) crime events around SCSs after implementation.

Conclusion

The study adds important nuance to the discussion around harm reduction approaches like safe consumption sites and their relationship to crime. We found that crime levels were generally unchanged following SCS implementation, but that crime may be situationally impacted based on the crime type, location, and operational capacities of each unique SCS opened.

本研究分析了安全消费场所（SCSs）在加拿大多伦多最长期和最广泛的运营网络中的潜在犯罪效应。这些分析旨在测试犯罪水平的变化，以及由于实施SCS而导致的总体、财产和暴力犯罪事件的直接和空间影响。方法采用交错综合对照法测量scs实施前后犯罪水平的变化。该方法可以灵活地适应处理位置和时间的变化，允许计算总体和阶段特定效应，并且是一种强大的准实验方法，用于测量微观分析单位的变化。在测量犯罪水平变化的分析之后，犯罪事件的空间分布也被评估了实施前后，以确定犯罪事件的空间模式是否在SCS开放后发生变化。结果分析表明，在整个网络中实施SCS后，犯罪总体上没有显著变化。然而，社会保障体系实施后，个体社会保障体系的犯罪水平和方向异质性发生了显著变化，社会保障体系周边暴力犯罪（距离较远）和财产犯罪（距离较近）的空间格局发生了显著变化。结论：该研究为安全消费场所及其与犯罪的关系等减少危害方法的讨论提供了重要的细微差别。我们发现，在实施SCS后，犯罪水平总体上没有变化，但犯罪可能会受到不同情况的影响，这取决于每个独特SCS的犯罪类型、地点和运作能力。

{"title":"Safe consumption sites and crime: A staggered synthetic control evaluation of Toronto’s expanding safe consumption site network","authors":"Ainsley Frederick, Nathan T. Connealy, Timothy Cubitt","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09663-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09663-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This study analyzes the potential criminogenic effect of safe consumption sites (SCSs) in one of the most longstanding and expansive operational networks across Toronto, Canada. The analyses are positioned to test for changes in crime levels and both immediate and spatial effects for total, property, and violent crime events resulting from SCS implementation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Staggered synthetic control methods were used to measure changes in crime levels pre- and post-SCS implementation. The method is flexible to variation in treatment locations and timing, allows for aggregate and phase-specific effects to be calculated, and is a robust quasi-experimental method for measuring change at microlevel units of analysis. Following the analysis measuring changes in crime levels, the spatial distribution of crime events was also assessed pre- and post-implementation to determine if the spatial patterning of crime events changed following SCS openings.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The analyses indicated that crime did not significantly change following SCS implementation in the aggregate across the entire network. However, some phase-specific effects for individual SCSs demonstrated some notable changes in crime levels and directional heterogeneity, and the spatial distributions showed some meaningful changes in the spatial patterning of violent (further) and property (closer) crime events around SCSs after implementation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The study adds important nuance to the discussion around harm reduction approaches like safe consumption sites and their relationship to crime. We found that crime levels were generally unchanged following SCS implementation, but that crime may be situationally impacted based on the crime type, location, and operational capacities of each unique SCS opened.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"33 19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0