Journal of Experimental Criminology最新文献_第2页

Analyzing the impacts of race, addiction, drug type, and criminal record on public support for criminalized and medicalized sentencing approaches toward illegal drug use 分析种族、成瘾、药物类型和犯罪记录对公众支持对非法药物使用的刑事化和医疗化量刑方法的影响

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09657-2

Carolina R. Caliman, Colleen M. Berryessa

Objectives

This study examines how a defendant’s addiction, prior criminal record, race, and drug type impact public support for criminalized and medicalized sentencing approaches to illegal drug use, as well as how such support may be moderated by participants’ levels of essentialist thinking.

Methods

This study is a fully-crossed, randomized experiment with a lay public sample (N = 1208).

Results

Public support for medicalized approaches to sentencing was significantly higher for oxycodone and heroin. Support for criminalized approaches was significantly higher for crack and cocaine, and when the defendant was Hispanic, Black, or had a violent criminal record. Essentialist thinking generally predicted increased support for criminalized approaches, but increased support for medicalized approaches when addiction was known.

Conclusions

This research highlights the role of different factors in shaping public support for drug sentencing approaches, as well as suggests that public attitudes about drugs are deeply intertwined with societal narratives about race, addiction, and criminality.

目的：本研究探讨被告的成瘾、前科、种族和药物类型如何影响公众对非法药物使用的刑事化和医疗化量刑方法的支持，以及这种支持如何被参与者的本质主义思维水平所调节。方法采用全交叉随机实验，随机抽样1208例。结果羟考酮和海洛因药物化量刑的支持率明显高于其他药物。对于快克和可卡因，当被告是西班牙裔、黑人或有暴力犯罪记录时，对犯罪化方法的支持明显更高。本质主义思维通常预测对犯罪化方法的支持会增加，但当已知成瘾时，对医疗化方法的支持会增加。本研究强调了不同因素在影响公众对毒品量刑方法的支持方面的作用，并表明公众对毒品的态度与种族、成瘾和犯罪的社会叙事深深交织在一起。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the impact of safety interventions on open drug markets in a small Swedish municipality using synthetic control methods 使用综合控制方法评估安全干预措施对瑞典一个小城市开放药物市场的影响

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09652-7

Vania Ceccato, Marco Antonio Jorge, Gabriel Gliori

Objectives

We analyze the impact of the “Stoppa droghandeln” (“Stop the drug trade”) program, a set of safety interventions aimed at reducing crime, particularly drug-related crimes, in a small Swedish municipality (Österåker) from 2018 to 2023.

Methods

We use a count-based synthetic control approach to compare police crime data before and after beginning the safety interventions (“Stop the drug trade”). This quasi-experimental design was used to infer the causal effects of “Stop the drug trade” on crime, using an evaluation framework including several robustness tests with different crime types. Cluster detection analysis was also used to monitor potential changes in the geography of open drug markets.

Results

In 2023, Österåker performed better than 82% of all Swedish municipalities for drug-related offenses. Estimates indicate that 3221 crimes were prevented in Österåker, including 589 less drug-related offenses. However, the non-significant p-values suggest that Österåker’s crime reduction did not outperform most other municipalities. While this could be due to other municipalities implementing their own interventions, the magnitude and consistency of the treatment effects across crime types in Österåker make it unlikely that these results occurred by chance. In terms of geography, clusters of drug-related offenses were stable, and after the interventions, they became more concentrated in particular places.

Conclusions

This study’s findings underscore the potential impact of a blend of social and situational crime prevention interventions to reduce drug-related offenses and other crimes in a small municipality. The Österåker case demonstrates that strategies should target specific types of crime and monitor possible shifts in crime concentration across different parts of the study area over time. The synthetic control method helped isolate the impact of safety interventions on drug-related crime, demonstrating its value as a tool for policy evaluation.

我们分析了“Stoppa droghandeln”（“停止毒品交易”）计划的影响，这是一套旨在减少犯罪，特别是与毒品有关的犯罪的安全干预措施，在瑞典的一个小城市（Österåker）从2018年到2023年。方法我们使用基于计数的综合控制方法来比较安全干预（“停止毒品交易”）开始前后的警察犯罪数据。这种准实验设计被用来推断“停止毒品交易”对犯罪的因果影响，使用了一个评估框架，其中包括几种不同犯罪类型的稳健性测试。聚类检测分析还用于监测开放药物市场地理的潜在变化。结果在2023年，Österåker在毒品犯罪方面的表现优于82%的瑞典城市。据估计，Österåker预防了3221起犯罪，其中与毒品有关的犯罪减少了589起。然而，非显著p值表明Österåker在减少犯罪方面的表现并不优于大多数其他城市。虽然这可能是由于其他城市实施了自己的干预措施，但Österåker中不同犯罪类型的治疗效果的规模和一致性使这些结果不太可能是偶然发生的。从地理上看，毒品相关犯罪的集群是稳定的，在干预之后，它们变得更加集中在特定的地方。这项研究的结果强调了社会和情境犯罪预防干预的混合对减少小型城市中与毒品有关的犯罪和其他犯罪的潜在影响。Österåker案例表明，策略应该针对特定类型的犯罪，并监测研究区域不同地区犯罪集中的可能变化。综合控制方法有助于隔离安全干预措施对毒品相关犯罪的影响，表明其作为政策评估工具的价值。

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引用次数: 0

A commentary on Duan et al.: RNR’s luster remains 对Duan等人的评论：RNR的光彩依然存在

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09654-5

James Bonta, Paul Gendreau

Objectives

Duan et al. (2024) published a meta-analysis in this journal claiming that the risk-need-responsivity principles are not “golden”.

Methods

We challenge their conclusion by pointing out some major errors in their literature search and classification of studies.

Results

Central to our argument is that Duan and his colleagues incorrectly identified a significant number of RNR studies as non-RNR. Consequently, their results led to an incorrect conclusion.

Conclusion

Our re-analysis of their data finds that the RNR principles remain highly relevant to the rehabilitation field.

Duan等人（2024）在该杂志上发表了一篇荟萃分析，声称风险-需求-反应原则并非“黄金”原则。方法对他们的结论提出质疑，指出他们在文献检索和研究分类上的一些主要错误。我们的论点的核心是Duan和他的同事错误地将大量RNR研究识别为非RNR。因此，他们的结果导致了一个错误的结论。结论我们重新分析了他们的数据，发现RNR原则在康复领域仍然具有很高的相关性。

引用次数: 0

Police recruitment through an intergroup communication lens: a randomized experiment 群体间沟通视角下的警察招募：一个随机实验

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09659-0

Shawn L. Hill, Laure Brimbal, Edward R. Maguire, Eve Stephens

Objectives

Many police agencies now find it difficult to recruit and retain officers. To learn more about these issues, we used a factorial survey experiment to test whether recruitment materials inspired by the intergroup communication literature are more effective than standard police recruitment materials.

Methods

We showed vignettes to a sample of 378 communication students. Within the vignettes, we varied how a policewoman described her career and her life. We then measured the extent to which the treatment conditions influenced participants’ general attitudes toward police and specific attitudes toward working in policing.

Results

The treatment did not have significant effects on the two general attitudinal outcomes, but did have significant effects on respondents’ interest in working in policing.

Conclusions

Incorporating principles from the study of intergroup communication can help police agencies attract a larger and more potentially diverse pool of candidates.

目标现在，许多警察机构都发现很难招募和留住警员。为了进一步了解这些问题，我们使用了一个因子调查实验来测试受群体间交流文献启发的招聘材料是否比标准的警察招聘材料更有效。在这些小故事中，我们改变了女警察对其职业和生活的描述方式。然后我们测量了处理条件对参与者对警察的一般态度和对从事警务工作的具体态度的影响程度。结果处理对两种一般态度结果没有显著影响，但对受访者从事警务工作的兴趣有显著影响。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term effects of medication-assisted treatment in opioid using offenders in German prisoners—treatment outcomes in prison and after release 药物辅助治疗对德国囚犯中使用阿片类药物的罪犯的长期影响——监狱和释放后的治疗结果

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09653-6

Mark Stemmler, Kerstin Geißelsöder, Maren Weiss, Mavi Hornegger, Johann Endres

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effects of medication-assisted treatment after release from prison. We compared prisoners receiving medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) to prisoners receiving no MOUD, on a number of outcome variables. Self-reported drug use was confirmed with laboratory tests.

Methods

A sample of 247 prisoners in German prisons completed the European Addiction Severity Index shortly before release. Subjects were contacted again at 1, 3–6, and 12 months after release for telephone interviews.

Results

Compared to no-MOUD subjects, MOUD subjects reported fewer illegal opioids and significantly fewer non-prescribed substitution medications. MOUD participants showed high treatment continuity through 12 months. Benefits of MOUD peaked at 3–6 months; effects were reduced at 12 months. Convergent validity of the self-report measure of drug use with laboratory drug screenings was satisfactorily high (~ 71% convergence).

Conclusions

For long-term sustainability of MOUD effects, additional psychosocial interventions are recommended.

目的探讨刑满释放后药物辅助治疗的长期效果。我们比较了接受阿片类药物使用障碍（mod）药物治疗的囚犯和未接受mod药物治疗的囚犯的一些结果变量。自我报告的药物使用情况通过实验室检查得到证实。方法选取247名德国监狱在押人员，在释放前完成欧洲成瘾严重程度指数。在释放后1个月、3-6个月和12个月再次联系受试者进行电话访谈。结果与非吸毒组相比，吸毒组报告的非法阿片类药物较少，非处方替代药物明显减少。mod参与者在12个月内表现出较高的治疗连续性。mod的益处在3-6个月时达到顶峰；12个月时效果降低。药物使用自述量表与实验室药物筛选的收敛效度令人满意地高（~ 71%的收敛度）。结论为了使mod的效果长期持续，建议采取额外的社会心理干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

The Titanium Law of Evaluation: Increasing the impact and replicability of safety and justice interventions through deliberate implementation and adaptation 评估钛法：通过审慎实施和调整，提高安全和司法干预措施的影响和可复制性

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09650-9

Nancy La Vigne

Objective

This paper introduces the Titanium Law of Evaluation, emphasizing the importance of implementation fidelity and local contextual adaptation in program evaluations within criminology.

Method

Through an examination of the past and current conversations in criminology around the role of randomized controlled trials, the paper highlights the critical but often overlooked aspect of deliberate implementation, as defined by adherence to fidelity and adaptation to local context, in understanding program effectiveness.

Result

The case studies of the Honest Opportunity Probation with Enforcement (HOPE) and the Center for Employment Opportunities (CEO) illustrate the importance of measuring implementation fidelity, making mid-course corrections, and adapting programs to local contexts to foster desired outcomes.

Conclusion

The Titanium Law advocates for a nuanced understanding of implementation processes, promoting collaborative evaluations that consider both fidelity and local context—both key components of implementation science. Recommendations include integrating these principles into criminology curricula and fostering partnerships between researchers and practitioners to improve evaluation outcomes.

目的介绍钛法评估，强调实施保真度和当地情境适应性在犯罪学项目评估中的重要性。方法通过对犯罪学中围绕随机对照试验作用的过去和当前对话的研究，本文强调了故意实施的关键但经常被忽视的方面，如坚持忠诚和适应当地环境，在理解项目有效性方面。结果诚实机会缓刑与执法（HOPE）和就业机会中心（CEO）的案例研究说明了衡量实施保真度、进行中途纠正和使项目适应当地情况以促进预期结果的重要性。钛法提倡对实施过程进行细致入微的理解，促进考虑到保真度和当地情况的协作评估，这两者都是实施科学的关键组成部分。建议包括将这些原则纳入犯罪学课程，并促进研究人员和从业人员之间的伙伴关系，以改善评估结果。

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引用次数: 0

Is restorative justice appropriate for sexual assault and domestic violence? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the “empirical vacuum” 恢复性司法适用于性侵犯和家庭暴力吗？“经验真空”的系统回顾与元分析

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09651-8

Heather Hensman Kettrey, Noah Samuel Reynolds

Objectives

Restorative justice (RJ) is a victim-centered approach to addressing injustice, providing those harmed with empowerment and restitution. Yet, the application of RJ to sexual assault (SA) or domestic violence (DV) cases is rare and contentious.

Method

In a broad systematic review yielding 12,461 candidate reports, we identified four eligible studies relayed through five reports (N = 692 participants).

Results

Findings from a meta-analysis of 12 effects reported across four studies indicated a small but significant and favorable effect on offender recidivism (g = 0.26, 95% CI [0.09, 0.43]), which became non-significant when limiting the sample to randomized control trials. Although RJ is designed to be victim-centered, no eligible studies reported quantitative victim well-being outcomes.

Conclusions

Results identified potentially favorable effects of RJ in SA/DV cases; thus, implementation appears to be acceptable. However, before widespread rollout is recommended, more research is needed, especially as RJ affects victims of SA/DV.

恢复性司法是一种以受害者为中心的解决不公正问题的方法，为受伤害的人提供权力和赔偿。然而，RJ在性侵犯（SA）或家庭暴力（DV）案件中的应用却很少，且存在争议。方法在一项包含12461份候选报告的广泛系统评价中，我们通过5份报告（N = 692名参与者）确定了4项符合条件的研究。结果对四项研究报告的12项影响的荟萃分析结果表明，对罪犯再犯有小但显著的有利影响（g = 0.26, 95% CI[0.09, 0.43]），当将样本限制为随机对照试验时，这一结果变得不显著。虽然RJ被设计为以受害者为中心，但没有合格的研究报告定量的受害者福祉结果。结论RJ在SA/DV病例中具有潜在的有利作用；因此，执行似乎是可以接受的。然而，在广泛推广之前，还需要更多的研究，特别是考虑到RJ对SA/DV受害者的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Researchers’ interpretations of evidence about the association between violent attitudes and offending from different research designs 研究人员对不同研究设计中有关暴力态度与犯罪之间联系的证据的解释

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09649-2

Kevin L. Nunes, Cassidy E. Hatton, Anna T. Pham

Objectives

We examined the inferences authors of articles published in violence journals draw from studies about the relationship between attitudes and violent offending.

Methods

Participants (N = 120, 58.3% women) were randomly assigned to one of 12 hypothetical studies, which varied on research design and whether the results were intuitive or counterintuitive.

Results

Participants rarely incorrectly stated that the study demonstrated causation or prediction when not warranted by the research design. However, some participants failed to acknowledge plausible alternate interpretations (e.g., third variable) and selected causal implications that were not warranted by the study’s research design. This was often more so the case when the studies’ results were intuitive than when they were counterintuitive.

Conclusions

Though we did find some evidence of overstepping, our findings suggest that researchers may not overstep the evidence as much as suggested by previous studies.

我们研究了发表在暴力期刊上的文章的作者从有关态度与暴力犯罪之间关系的研究中得出的推论。方法将参与者（人数 = 120，58.3% 为女性）随机分配到 12 项假设研究中的一项，这些假设研究的研究设计以及结果是直观的还是反直观的各不相同。然而，一些参与者没有承认合理的替代解释（如第三变量），并选择了与研究设计不符的因果关系。结论虽然我们确实发现了一些越权的证据，但我们的研究结果表明，研究人员对证据的越权程度可能并不像以前的研究表明的那样高。

{"title":"Researchers’ interpretations of evidence about the association between violent attitudes and offending from different research designs","authors":"Kevin L. Nunes, Cassidy E. Hatton, Anna T. Pham","doi":"10.1007/s11292-024-09649-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-024-09649-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We examined the inferences authors of articles published in violence journals draw from studies about the relationship between attitudes and violent offending.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Participants (<i>N</i> = 120, 58.3% women) were randomly assigned to one of 12 hypothetical studies, which varied on research design and whether the results were intuitive or counterintuitive.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Participants rarely incorrectly stated that the study demonstrated causation or prediction when not warranted by the research design. However, some participants failed to acknowledge plausible alternate interpretations (e.g., third variable) and selected causal implications that were not warranted by the study’s research design. This was often more so the case when the studies’ results were intuitive than when they were counterintuitive.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Though we did find some evidence of overstepping, our findings suggest that researchers may not overstep the evidence as much as suggested by previous studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eyes on phishing emails: an eye-tracking study 网络钓鱼邮件：眼球跟踪研究

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09648-3

Liliana Ribeiro, Inês Sousa Guedes, Carla Sofia Cardoso

Objective

This study aims to explore susceptibility to phishing emails by analysing the visual patterns of individuals.

Method

A quasi-experimental study was developed, using 28 emails (13 phishing; 13 legitimate; 2 control) which were subdivided into two groups (G1; G2) and presented to the participants who looked at a set of 15 emails. The sample consisted of 70 participants.

Results

Phishing emails showed significantly higher average fixation times and total fixations in the sender’s area compared to legitimate emails. However, no significant correlations were found between fixation time, total number of fixations in various areas of the email, and the accuracy of email identification (both general and phishing).

Conclusion

This pioneering study within the Portuguese context lays the foundation for future research on analysing and accurately detecting different types of emails, including differentiating between them. It also supports the development of targeted training to improve the recognition of various emails cues.

本研究旨在通过分析个人的视觉模式来探讨对网络钓鱼电子邮件的易感性。方法我们使用 28 封电子邮件（13 封网络钓鱼邮件；13 封合法邮件；2 封对照邮件）进行了一项准实验研究，这些邮件被细分为两组（G1；G2），并呈现给观察 15 封电子邮件的参与者。结果与合法邮件相比，网络钓鱼邮件在发件人区域的平均定格时间和总定格时间明显更高。然而，在定格时间、电子邮件各区域的定格总次数和电子邮件识别（包括普通电子邮件和网络钓鱼电子邮件）的准确性之间没有发现明显的相关性。结论这项在葡萄牙进行的开创性研究为今后分析和准确检测不同类型电子邮件（包括区分它们）的研究奠定了基础。这项研究还支持开展有针对性的培训，以提高对各种电子邮件线索的识别能力。

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引用次数: 0

Higher expectations: a systematic review of reporting the science of propensity score modeling in criminal justice studies 更高的期望：对刑事司法研究中倾向得分建模科学报告的系统回顾

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09646-5

Christopher M. Campbell, Ryan M. Labrecque, Alicia d. McKay

Objectives

This systematic review examined the reporting practices of propensity score modeling (PSM) in criminology and criminal justice studies.

Methods

There were 229 articles (with 527 individual sets of PSM analyses) published between 2000 and 2022 in the top 19 ranked criminology and criminal justice journals that were identified for study inclusion. These articles were systematically coded to assess the presence of key PSM reporting elements, including covariates, estimation methods, balancing strategy, matching type, sample size, balance assessment, sensitivity analysis, and post-PSM analyses.

Results

The use of PSM has increased dramatically over the last two decades. Study findings suggest that while there are many areas where the discipline has improved reporting over the last 22 years, there are still others that are sorely lacking. Our review reveals that only 28.9% of studies reported the propensity score technique used, 21.8% did not report pre- or post-PSM sample information, and 26.6% of all studies examined either did not report a balance assessment or reported using only one assessment which were largely null hypothesis significance testing.

Conclusions

Our findings provide a baseline assessment of PSM reporting and provide some guidance for conducting, reviewing, and publishing PSM research in criminology and criminal justice journals.

本系统综述考察了犯罪学和刑事司法研究中倾向得分建模（PSM）的报告实践。方法在 2000 年至 2022 年期间，在排名前 19 位的犯罪学和刑事司法期刊上共发表了 229 篇文章（其中有 527 套单独的倾向得分建模分析），这些文章被确定为研究纳入对象。对这些文章进行了系统编码，以评估是否存在关键的 PSM 报告要素，包括协变量、估计方法、平衡策略、匹配类型、样本大小、平衡评估、敏感性分析和 PSM 后分析。研究结果表明，在过去的 22 年中，该学科在许多领域的报告都有所改进，但仍有一些领域的报告严重不足。我们的审查结果显示，只有 28.9% 的研究报告了所使用的倾向得分技术，21.8% 的研究没有报告 PSM 前或后的样本信息，26.6% 的所有受检研究要么没有报告平衡评估，要么只报告了一种评估，而这种评估主要是零假设显著性检验。结论我们的研究结果提供了 PSM 报告的基线评估，并为在犯罪学和刑事司法期刊上开展、审查和发表 PSM 研究提供了一些指导。

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引用次数: 0