Journal of Experimental Criminology最新文献

英文中文

Now you see it, now you don’t: social systematic observation of physical disorder using Google Street View

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09655-4

Lisa M. Pierotte, Lauren Porter, Alaina De Biasi

Objectives

Dilapidated or neglected aspects of the built environment — such as abandoned houses or litter — are recognized across disciplines as harmful to community wellbeing and safety. Researchers utilize a variety of tools to observe these items, with Google Street View (GSV) being among the most recent advances. While GSV allows researchers to virtually visit locations without the time, cost, and resources required to go in-person, the validity and reliability of these observations may raise concerns.

Methods

In this study, we examine inter-method and inter-coder reliability for 22 items consistent with established indicators of physical disorder and guardianship. We compare physical disorder observations across 5 researchers who coded 30 streets in Baltimore City, both in-person and using GSV.

Results

Using the intra-class correlation coefficient, we find higher reliability across coders and methods for items that are less transitory (e.g., boarded up windows). In addition, consistency issues between GSV and in-person methods were prevalent and largely pointed to validity issues in GSV. Specifically, many items that were observed in person were “missed” in GSV.

Conclusions

While our findings indicate a preference for the validity and reliability of in-person observation, they do not serve as a final verdict on the utility of GSV.

目标建筑环境中破旧或被忽视的方面--如废弃房屋或垃圾--被各学科公认为对社区福祉和安全有害。研究人员利用各种工具来观察这些物品，其中谷歌街景（GSV）是最新的进展之一。虽然谷歌街景可以让研究人员虚拟访问这些地点，而无需花费时间、成本和资源亲自前往，但这些观察结果的有效性和可靠性可能会引起关注。方法在本研究中，我们检查了与身体失调和监护权既定指标一致的 22 个项目的方法间和编码者间可靠性。我们比较了 5 位研究人员对巴尔的摩市 30 条街道的物理失调观察结果，他们既有亲自观察的，也有使用 GSV 进行观察的。结果使用类内相关系数，我们发现不同编码者和方法之间对较少短暂性的项目（如被木板封住的窗户）的可靠性较高。此外，GSV 和面对面方法之间普遍存在一致性问题，这在很大程度上说明了 GSV 的有效性问题。结论虽然我们的研究结果表明，我们更倾向于采用当面观察的有效性和可靠性，但这并不能作为对 GSV 实用性的最终定论。

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引用次数: 0

An experimental study on the effect of prosecutorial Brady violations on confidence in exonerating individuals wrongfully convicted of murder 关于检察官违反布雷迪规定对被误判为谋杀罪的人免罪信心的影响的实验研究

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09658-1

John C. Navarro, Michael A. Hansen

Objectives

While several contributing factors can lead to wrongful convictions, it is unclear whether the public perceives these methods of exonerating convicted murderers differently.

Methods

We distributed an online survey to a nationally representative sample of 1193 individuals. After reading a prompt about the increased attention and production of digital media on wrongful convictions and exonerations, respondents were randomized into two conditions to evaluate their confidence in the exoneration of a convicted murderer across four contributing factors. The experimental condition contained the addition of prosecutorial misconduct in withholding evidence.

Results

Public confidence in wrongful conviction exonerations varied across the four contributing factors, with DNA evidence consistently held in the highest regard. Confidence then followed a descending order, beginning with police-induced forced confessions, false testimonies, and eyewitness statements, with all three showing increased confidence ratings when prosecutorial misconduct was involved.

Conclusions

The public distinguishes between contributing factors in murder exonerations. DNA is the most trusted evidence for murder exonerations regardless of misconduct, while confidence in the other contributing factors to exonerate murderers significantly increases when prosecutorial misconduct is present.

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引用次数: 0

Beyond conventional metrics: the elusive impact of the Pilares program on crime in Mexico City

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09656-3

Carlos Vilalta, Oscar Sanchez-Siordia, Pablo Lopez-Ramirez, Gustavo Fondevila

Objectives

The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the Pilares community program on crime rates and crime harm in Mexico City during the period from 2019 to 2023.

Methods

Employing a staggered difference-in-differences methodology, we examined the effects of the Pilares program on three crime metrics—Crime Rate (CR), Crime Harm per Resident (CHIP), and Crime Harm per Victim (CHIV)—within 10-block and 20-block areas surrounding the Pilares centers.

Results

The analysis did not detect statistically significant changes in the CR, CHIP, or CHIV that could be attributed to the Pilares program. Unexpectedly, a slight increase in the CR was observed in 2023 within the 20-block areas surrounding the program sites.

Conclusions

The results of our analysis suggest that the Pilares program did not impact crime rates or related harm within the evaluated timeframe. This finding underscores the complexities involved in assessing community-based interventions in high-crime vulnerable areas.

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引用次数: 0

Analyzing the impacts of race, addiction, drug type, and criminal record on public support for criminalized and medicalized sentencing approaches toward illegal drug use

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09657-2

Carolina R. Caliman, Colleen M. Berryessa

Objectives

This study examines how a defendant’s addiction, prior criminal record, race, and drug type impact public support for criminalized and medicalized sentencing approaches to illegal drug use, as well as how such support may be moderated by participants’ levels of essentialist thinking.

Methods

This study is a fully-crossed, randomized experiment with a lay public sample (N = 1208).

Results

Public support for medicalized approaches to sentencing was significantly higher for oxycodone and heroin. Support for criminalized approaches was significantly higher for crack and cocaine, and when the defendant was Hispanic, Black, or had a violent criminal record. Essentialist thinking generally predicted increased support for criminalized approaches, but increased support for medicalized approaches when addiction was known.

Conclusions

This research highlights the role of different factors in shaping public support for drug sentencing approaches, as well as suggests that public attitudes about drugs are deeply intertwined with societal narratives about race, addiction, and criminality.

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the impact of safety interventions on open drug markets in a small Swedish municipality using synthetic control methods

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09652-7

Vania Ceccato, Marco Antonio Jorge, Gabriel Gliori

Objectives

We analyze the impact of the “Stoppa droghandeln” (“Stop the drug trade”) program, a set of safety interventions aimed at reducing crime, particularly drug-related crimes, in a small Swedish municipality (Österåker) from 2018 to 2023.

Methods

We use a count-based synthetic control approach to compare police crime data before and after beginning the safety interventions (“Stop the drug trade”). This quasi-experimental design was used to infer the causal effects of “Stop the drug trade” on crime, using an evaluation framework including several robustness tests with different crime types. Cluster detection analysis was also used to monitor potential changes in the geography of open drug markets.

Results

In 2023, Österåker performed better than 82% of all Swedish municipalities for drug-related offenses. Estimates indicate that 3221 crimes were prevented in Österåker, including 589 less drug-related offenses. However, the non-significant p-values suggest that Österåker’s crime reduction did not outperform most other municipalities. While this could be due to other municipalities implementing their own interventions, the magnitude and consistency of the treatment effects across crime types in Österåker make it unlikely that these results occurred by chance. In terms of geography, clusters of drug-related offenses were stable, and after the interventions, they became more concentrated in particular places.

Conclusions

This study’s findings underscore the potential impact of a blend of social and situational crime prevention interventions to reduce drug-related offenses and other crimes in a small municipality. The Österåker case demonstrates that strategies should target specific types of crime and monitor possible shifts in crime concentration across different parts of the study area over time. The synthetic control method helped isolate the impact of safety interventions on drug-related crime, demonstrating its value as a tool for policy evaluation.

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引用次数: 0

A commentary on Duan et al.: RNR’s luster remains

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09654-5

James Bonta, Paul Gendreau

Objectives

Duan et al. (2024) published a meta-analysis in this journal claiming that the risk-need-responsivity principles are not “golden”.

Methods

We challenge their conclusion by pointing out some major errors in their literature search and classification of studies.

Results

Central to our argument is that Duan and his colleagues incorrectly identified a significant number of RNR studies as non-RNR. Consequently, their results led to an incorrect conclusion.

Conclusion

Our re-analysis of their data finds that the RNR principles remain highly relevant to the rehabilitation field.

引用次数: 0

Police recruitment through an intergroup communication lens: a randomized experiment

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09659-0

Shawn L. Hill, Laure Brimbal, Edward R. Maguire, Eve Stephens

Objectives

Many police agencies now find it difficult to recruit and retain officers. To learn more about these issues, we used a factorial survey experiment to test whether recruitment materials inspired by the intergroup communication literature are more effective than standard police recruitment materials.

Methods

We showed vignettes to a sample of 378 communication students. Within the vignettes, we varied how a policewoman described her career and her life. We then measured the extent to which the treatment conditions influenced participants’ general attitudes toward police and specific attitudes toward working in policing.

Results

The treatment did not have significant effects on the two general attitudinal outcomes, but did have significant effects on respondents’ interest in working in policing.

Conclusions

Incorporating principles from the study of intergroup communication can help police agencies attract a larger and more potentially diverse pool of candidates.

目标现在，许多警察机构都发现很难招募和留住警员。为了进一步了解这些问题，我们使用了一个因子调查实验来测试受群体间交流文献启发的招聘材料是否比标准的警察招聘材料更有效。在这些小故事中，我们改变了女警察对其职业和生活的描述方式。然后我们测量了处理条件对参与者对警察的一般态度和对从事警务工作的具体态度的影响程度。结果处理对两种一般态度结果没有显著影响，但对受访者从事警务工作的兴趣有显著影响。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term effects of medication-assisted treatment in opioid using offenders in German prisoners—treatment outcomes in prison and after release

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09653-6

Mark Stemmler, Kerstin Geißelsöder, Maren Weiss, Mavi Hornegger, Johann Endres

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effects of medication-assisted treatment after release from prison. We compared prisoners receiving medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) to prisoners receiving no MOUD, on a number of outcome variables. Self-reported drug use was confirmed with laboratory tests.

Methods

A sample of 247 prisoners in German prisons completed the European Addiction Severity Index shortly before release. Subjects were contacted again at 1, 3–6, and 12 months after release for telephone interviews.

Results

Compared to no-MOUD subjects, MOUD subjects reported fewer illegal opioids and significantly fewer non-prescribed substitution medications. MOUD participants showed high treatment continuity through 12 months. Benefits of MOUD peaked at 3–6 months; effects were reduced at 12 months. Convergent validity of the self-report measure of drug use with laboratory drug screenings was satisfactorily high (~ 71% convergence).

Conclusions

For long-term sustainability of MOUD effects, additional psychosocial interventions are recommended.

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引用次数: 0

The Titanium Law of Evaluation: Increasing the impact and replicability of safety and justice interventions through deliberate implementation and adaptation

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09650-9

Nancy La Vigne

Objective

This paper introduces the Titanium Law of Evaluation, emphasizing the importance of implementation fidelity and local contextual adaptation in program evaluations within criminology.

Method

Through an examination of the past and current conversations in criminology around the role of randomized controlled trials, the paper highlights the critical but often overlooked aspect of deliberate implementation, as defined by adherence to fidelity and adaptation to local context, in understanding program effectiveness.

Result

The case studies of the Honest Opportunity Probation with Enforcement (HOPE) and the Center for Employment Opportunities (CEO) illustrate the importance of measuring implementation fidelity, making mid-course corrections, and adapting programs to local contexts to foster desired outcomes.

Conclusion

The Titanium Law advocates for a nuanced understanding of implementation processes, promoting collaborative evaluations that consider both fidelity and local context—both key components of implementation science. Recommendations include integrating these principles into criminology curricula and fostering partnerships between researchers and practitioners to improve evaluation outcomes.

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引用次数: 0

Is restorative justice appropriate for sexual assault and domestic violence? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the “empirical vacuum”

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09651-8

Heather Hensman Kettrey, Noah Samuel Reynolds

Objectives

Restorative justice (RJ) is a victim-centered approach to addressing injustice, providing those harmed with empowerment and restitution. Yet, the application of RJ to sexual assault (SA) or domestic violence (DV) cases is rare and contentious.

Method

In a broad systematic review yielding 12,461 candidate reports, we identified four eligible studies relayed through five reports (N = 692 participants).

Results

Findings from a meta-analysis of 12 effects reported across four studies indicated a small but significant and favorable effect on offender recidivism (g = 0.26, 95% CI [0.09, 0.43]), which became non-significant when limiting the sample to randomized control trials. Although RJ is designed to be victim-centered, no eligible studies reported quantitative victim well-being outcomes.

Conclusions

Results identified potentially favorable effects of RJ in SA/DV cases; thus, implementation appears to be acceptable. However, before widespread rollout is recommended, more research is needed, especially as RJ affects victims of SA/DV.

{"title":"Is restorative justice appropriate for sexual assault and domestic violence? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the “empirical vacuum”","authors":"Heather Hensman Kettrey, Noah Samuel Reynolds","doi":"10.1007/s11292-024-09651-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-024-09651-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Restorative justice (RJ) is a victim-centered approach to addressing injustice, providing those harmed with empowerment and restitution. Yet, the application of RJ to sexual assault (SA) or domestic violence (DV) cases is rare and contentious.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>In a broad systematic review yielding 12,461 candidate reports, we identified four eligible studies relayed through five reports (<i>N</i> = 692 participants).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Findings from a meta-analysis of 12 effects reported across four studies indicated a small but significant and favorable effect on offender recidivism (<i>g</i> = 0.26, 95% CI [0.09, 0.43]), which became non-significant when limiting the sample to randomized control trials. Although RJ is designed to be victim-centered, no eligible studies reported quantitative victim well-being outcomes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Results identified potentially favorable effects of RJ in SA/DV cases; thus, implementation appears to be acceptable. However, before widespread rollout is recommended, more research is needed, especially as RJ affects victims of SA/DV.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"261 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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