Journal of Experimental Criminology最新文献

‘I can see that it’s bad for them’: third party judgements about the effect of procedural injustice on mental health and relationships with the police

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09667-8

Arabella Kyprianides, Ben Bradford

Objectives

Explore why people react so strongly to procedural injustice experienced by others. One possibility is that people recognise the marginalisation and psychological harm that injustice can cause.

Methods

An online experiment tested whether exposure to procedurally unjust police behaviour directed at crime victims would influence participants’ assessments of the subject’s marginalisation, mental health outcomes, and their overall perceptions of the police (N = 300).

Results

Exposure to procedurally unjust police behaviour led to more negative evaluations of its psychological impact on the victim. Procedural injustice was seen as harmful to mental health due to its link to social exclusion. Such exposure reduced trust, legitimacy, and identification with police. These negative perceptions were driven by recognition of the victim’s psychological harm.

Conclusion

Findings highlight the critical role of psychological harm in driving public responses to unjust policing. Addressing this harm is essential for fostering trust and repairing fractured relationships between police and the communities they serve.

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引用次数: 0

Dealing with guns: investigating the spatial attraction of gun dealers on localized gun violence 与枪支打交道：调查枪支经销商对局部枪支暴力的空间吸引力

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09666-9

Elizabeth Griffiths, Jie Xu, Sandy Xie, Richard Stansfield, Daniel Semenza

Objectives

Test the spatial relationship between the locations of federally licensed firearms dealers (FFLs) and gun violence using shuttered FFLs as a counterfactual.

Methods

Using a quasi-experimental design, we evaluate the proximity of gun violence to (a) dealers and (b) the spatial footprints of former dealers. The locations of violence incidents between 2019 and 2021 in Los Angeles, CA, Dallas, TX, and Philadelphia, PA are analyzed against dealer locations using street Network Cross K methods.

Results

There is a robust attractive effect of dealers on gun violence within 3000 feet in two of the three cities, largely driven by the effect of dealers on violence in disadvantaged areas. The locations of former gun dealers did not uniformly fail to attract gun violence, however, as would be expected if FFLs were causally associated with the distribution of gun violence in cities.

Conclusions

The findings on the spatial attraction of gun violence to the locations of former gun dealers are heterogeneous across sites, leading to mixed support for a causal spatial association between gun dealers and gun violence. Limitations of using former dealers as the counterfactual include defining former dealers and the small numbers of former dealers in cities.

目标以关闭的联邦特许枪支经销商（FFL）为反事实，检验联邦特许枪支经销商（FFL）所在地与枪支暴力之间的空间关系。方法采用准实验设计，评估枪支暴力与（a）经销商和（b）前经销商的空间足迹之间的接近程度。结果在这三个城市中，有两个城市的经销商对3000英尺范围内的枪支暴力事件具有强大的吸引力，这主要是由于经销商对贫困地区暴力事件的影响。然而，前枪支经销商所在地并不像人们所预期的那样完全不能吸引枪支暴力，如果前枪支经销商与城市中的枪支暴力分布有因果关系的话。结论不同地点的前枪支经销商所在地对枪支暴力的空间吸引力不同，导致对枪支经销商与枪支暴力之间因果空间关联的支持不一。使用前枪支经销商作为反事实的局限性包括前经销商的定义和城市中前经销商的数量较少。

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引用次数: 0

Do direct and courtesy prison stigma hinder support for a startup business? A vignette experiment

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09664-x

Audrey Hickert, Luzi Shi, Olivia Shaw, Shi Yan

Objectives

Test whether support for a small business is lower when started by prisoners or mothers of prisoners compared to local residents or people who identify as LGBTQ.

Methods

We conducted a vignette experiment using a hypothetical social media post for a new business followed by closed- and open-ended questions using a national YouGov sample (N = 1300).

Results

Support for the business is lower when founded by mothers of prisoners than former prisoners (or “local residents”), but lowest when founded by people who identify as LGBTQ. Open-ended responses suggest a lack of awareness of collateral consequences for families of people in prison. Explanations consistent with courtesy stigma were also present.

Conclusions

Given the public’s growing awareness of the benefits of successful reintegration and their willingness to support second chances, more education on the collateral harms of mass incarceration on families could assist with reinvestment in these communities.

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引用次数: 0

“You keep me hanging on”: Evidence from the Columbia door hanger experiment

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09662-z

Hunter M. Boehme, Brandon Tregle, Cory Schnell

Objectives

To investigate whether police deployment of door hangers providing crime prevention tips to recently victimized households and nearby households reduces property crime in treated areas.

Methods

A randomized field experiment was implemented by randomly assigning the intervention across six neighborhoods in Columbia, SC. The test period lasted 184 days, and the intervention effect was analyzed across burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft crime types.

Results

T-tests and negative binomial regression models indicated significant decreases across all property crimes and thefts in treated areas. However, there were decreases in burglaries and motor vehicle theft which were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

We provide experimental evidence on a light-footprint, super-cocooning police intervention targeting property crime. During a staffing crisis, and since Americans are more likely to experience property crime victimization compared to violent crime, police agencies should consider cost-effective and easy-to-implement strategies such as door hanger intervention to reduce property crime.

{"title":"“You keep me hanging on”: Evidence from the Columbia door hanger experiment","authors":"Hunter M. Boehme, Brandon Tregle, Cory Schnell","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09662-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09662-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>To investigate whether police deployment of door hangers providing crime prevention tips to recently victimized households and nearby households reduces property crime in treated areas.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A randomized field experiment was implemented by randomly assigning the intervention across six neighborhoods in Columbia, SC. The test period lasted 184 days, and the intervention effect was analyzed across burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft crime types.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p><i>T</i>-tests and negative binomial regression models indicated significant decreases across all property crimes and thefts in treated areas. However, there were decreases in burglaries and motor vehicle theft which were not statistically significant.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>We provide experimental evidence on a light-footprint, super-cocooning police intervention targeting property crime. During a staffing crisis, and since Americans are more likely to experience property crime victimization compared to violent crime, police agencies should consider cost-effective and easy-to-implement strategies such as door hanger intervention to reduce property crime.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"78 5 Pt 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Safe consumption sites and crime: A staggered synthetic control evaluation of Toronto’s expanding safe consumption site network

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09663-y

Ainsley Frederick, Nathan T. Connealy, Timothy Cubitt

Objectives

This study analyzes the potential criminogenic effect of safe consumption sites (SCSs) in one of the most longstanding and expansive operational networks across Toronto, Canada. The analyses are positioned to test for changes in crime levels and both immediate and spatial effects for total, property, and violent crime events resulting from SCS implementation.

Methods

Staggered synthetic control methods were used to measure changes in crime levels pre- and post-SCS implementation. The method is flexible to variation in treatment locations and timing, allows for aggregate and phase-specific effects to be calculated, and is a robust quasi-experimental method for measuring change at microlevel units of analysis. Following the analysis measuring changes in crime levels, the spatial distribution of crime events was also assessed pre- and post-implementation to determine if the spatial patterning of crime events changed following SCS openings.

Results

The analyses indicated that crime did not significantly change following SCS implementation in the aggregate across the entire network. However, some phase-specific effects for individual SCSs demonstrated some notable changes in crime levels and directional heterogeneity, and the spatial distributions showed some meaningful changes in the spatial patterning of violent (further) and property (closer) crime events around SCSs after implementation.

Conclusion

The study adds important nuance to the discussion around harm reduction approaches like safe consumption sites and their relationship to crime. We found that crime levels were generally unchanged following SCS implementation, but that crime may be situationally impacted based on the crime type, location, and operational capacities of each unique SCS opened.

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引用次数: 0

The effect of pre-release treatment with injectable naltrexone on criminal justice and substance use outcomes: Results from a randomized controlled trial

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09661-0

C. Clare Strange, Jordan M. Hyatt, Chase Montagnet, Kathleen Powell, Daniel D. Langleben

Objectives

Evaluate the impact of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) on postrelease criminal justice contact and substance use among individuals with opioid use disorder in correctional settings.

Methods

A randomized waitlist-controlled trial was conducted. The treatment group (n = 47) received XR-NTX shortly before release, and the comparison group (n = 47) was put on a waitlist for treatment at six months post-release. Outcomes were measured at 3 and 6 months post-release and included new arrests, parole revocations, reincarceration, and positive drug tests. Data were analyzed using t-tests and Kaplan–Meier survival estimates.

Results

At 3 months post-release, the treatment group had marginally fewer parole revocations. At 6 months, there were no significant differences in criminal justice or substance use outcomes, though the treatment group had fewer positive drug tests and a longer time to first positive drug test.

Conclusions

There is limited evidence that XR-NTX reduces poor criminal justice and substance use outcomes.

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引用次数: 0

Framing the harms of wrongful convictions: how different narratives shape public opinion

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09660-1

Sishi Wu, Robert J. Norris

Objectives

This research examines whether highlighting different harms of wrongful convictions has differential effects on public attitudes.

Methods

We use an online survey-experiment with 970 respondents recruited through CloudResearch’s MTurk Toolkit. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of five conditions: (1) no-information control group, (2) wrongful conviction narrative, (3) wrongful conviction narrative + exoneree harm, (4) wrongful conviction narrative + original crime victim harm, and (5) wrongful conviction narrative + actual offender harm. We then assessed respondents’ victimization concerns and policy preferences.

Results

Highlighting different harms of wrongful convictions generally did not affect victimization concerns and had little effect on policy preferences. However, narratives about the exoneree’s suffering and public safety concerns consistently increased public support for exoneree compensation. We also found slight ideological differences in responses.

Conclusions

The findings support the notion that the consequences of wrongful convictions for public opinion are nuanced, dynamic, and multifaceted.

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引用次数: 0

Now you see it, now you don’t: social systematic observation of physical disorder using Google Street View 现在你看到了，现在你看不到：使用谷歌街景对身体障碍的社会系统观察

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09655-4

Lisa M. Pierotte, Lauren Porter, Alaina De Biasi

Objectives

Dilapidated or neglected aspects of the built environment — such as abandoned houses or litter — are recognized across disciplines as harmful to community wellbeing and safety. Researchers utilize a variety of tools to observe these items, with Google Street View (GSV) being among the most recent advances. While GSV allows researchers to virtually visit locations without the time, cost, and resources required to go in-person, the validity and reliability of these observations may raise concerns.

Methods

In this study, we examine inter-method and inter-coder reliability for 22 items consistent with established indicators of physical disorder and guardianship. We compare physical disorder observations across 5 researchers who coded 30 streets in Baltimore City, both in-person and using GSV.

Results

Using the intra-class correlation coefficient, we find higher reliability across coders and methods for items that are less transitory (e.g., boarded up windows). In addition, consistency issues between GSV and in-person methods were prevalent and largely pointed to validity issues in GSV. Specifically, many items that were observed in person were “missed” in GSV.

Conclusions

While our findings indicate a preference for the validity and reliability of in-person observation, they do not serve as a final verdict on the utility of GSV.

目标建筑环境中破旧或被忽视的方面--如废弃房屋或垃圾--被各学科公认为对社区福祉和安全有害。研究人员利用各种工具来观察这些物品，其中谷歌街景（GSV）是最新的进展之一。虽然谷歌街景可以让研究人员虚拟访问这些地点，而无需花费时间、成本和资源亲自前往，但这些观察结果的有效性和可靠性可能会引起关注。方法在本研究中，我们检查了与身体失调和监护权既定指标一致的 22 个项目的方法间和编码者间可靠性。我们比较了 5 位研究人员对巴尔的摩市 30 条街道的物理失调观察结果，他们既有亲自观察的，也有使用 GSV 进行观察的。结果使用类内相关系数，我们发现不同编码者和方法之间对较少短暂性的项目（如被木板封住的窗户）的可靠性较高。此外，GSV 和面对面方法之间普遍存在一致性问题，这在很大程度上说明了 GSV 的有效性问题。结论虽然我们的研究结果表明，我们更倾向于采用当面观察的有效性和可靠性，但这并不能作为对 GSV 实用性的最终定论。

{"title":"Now you see it, now you don’t: social systematic observation of physical disorder using Google Street View","authors":"Lisa M. Pierotte, Lauren Porter, Alaina De Biasi","doi":"10.1007/s11292-024-09655-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-024-09655-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Dilapidated or neglected aspects of the built environment — such as abandoned houses or litter — are recognized across disciplines as harmful to community wellbeing and safety. Researchers utilize a variety of tools to observe these items, with Google Street View (GSV) being among the most recent advances. While GSV allows researchers to virtually visit locations without the time, cost, and resources required to go in-person, the validity and reliability of these observations may raise concerns. </p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In this study, we examine inter-method and inter-coder reliability for 22 items consistent with established indicators of physical disorder and guardianship. We compare physical disorder observations across 5 researchers who coded 30 streets in Baltimore City, both in-person and using GSV.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Using the intra-class correlation coefficient, we find higher reliability across coders and methods for items that are less transitory (e.g., boarded up windows). In addition, consistency issues between GSV and in-person methods were prevalent and largely pointed to validity issues in GSV. Specifically, many items that were observed in person were “missed” in GSV.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>While our findings indicate a preference for the validity and reliability of in-person observation, they do not serve as a final verdict on the utility of GSV. </p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An experimental study on the effect of prosecutorial Brady violations on confidence in exonerating individuals wrongfully convicted of murder 关于检察官违反布雷迪规定对被误判为谋杀罪的人免罪信心的影响的实验研究

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09658-1

John C. Navarro, Michael A. Hansen

Objectives

While several contributing factors can lead to wrongful convictions, it is unclear whether the public perceives these methods of exonerating convicted murderers differently.

Methods

We distributed an online survey to a nationally representative sample of 1193 individuals. After reading a prompt about the increased attention and production of digital media on wrongful convictions and exonerations, respondents were randomized into two conditions to evaluate their confidence in the exoneration of a convicted murderer across four contributing factors. The experimental condition contained the addition of prosecutorial misconduct in withholding evidence.

Results

Public confidence in wrongful conviction exonerations varied across the four contributing factors, with DNA evidence consistently held in the highest regard. Confidence then followed a descending order, beginning with police-induced forced confessions, false testimonies, and eyewitness statements, with all three showing increased confidence ratings when prosecutorial misconduct was involved.

Conclusions

The public distinguishes between contributing factors in murder exonerations. DNA is the most trusted evidence for murder exonerations regardless of misconduct, while confidence in the other contributing factors to exonerate murderers significantly increases when prosecutorial misconduct is present.

虽然有几个因素可能导致错误的定罪，但尚不清楚公众是否对这些为已定罪的杀人犯开脱的方法有不同的看法。方法我们对全国1193名具有代表性的个人进行了在线调查。在阅读了一篇关于数字媒体对错误定罪和无罪释放的关注和制作的提示后，受访者被随机分为两种情况，以评估他们对被定罪的杀人犯无罪释放的信心。实验条件包含了检察官隐瞒证据的不当行为。结果公众对错判无罪的信心在四个因素中有所不同，DNA证据一直是最受重视的。人们的信心依次递减，首先是警察逼供，其次是虚假证词，最后是目击证人陈述。当涉及到检方的不当行为时，这三者的信心指数都有所上升。结论：公众区分了谋杀无罪的促成因素。无论是否存在不当行为，DNA都是证明谋杀无罪的最可信的证据，而当检察官存在不当行为时，人们对其他有助于证明谋杀无罪的因素的信心大大增加。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond conventional metrics: the elusive impact of the Pilares program on crime in Mexico City 超越传统指标：皮拉雷斯计划对墨西哥城犯罪的难以捉摸的影响

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Experimental Criminology

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-024-09656-3

Carlos Vilalta, Oscar Sanchez-Siordia, Pablo Lopez-Ramirez, Gustavo Fondevila

Objectives

The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the Pilares community program on crime rates and crime harm in Mexico City during the period from 2019 to 2023.

Methods

Employing a staggered difference-in-differences methodology, we examined the effects of the Pilares program on three crime metrics—Crime Rate (CR), Crime Harm per Resident (CHIP), and Crime Harm per Victim (CHIV)—within 10-block and 20-block areas surrounding the Pilares centers.

Results

The analysis did not detect statistically significant changes in the CR, CHIP, or CHIV that could be attributed to the Pilares program. Unexpectedly, a slight increase in the CR was observed in 2023 within the 20-block areas surrounding the program sites.

Conclusions

The results of our analysis suggest that the Pilares program did not impact crime rates or related harm within the evaluated timeframe. This finding underscores the complexities involved in assessing community-based interventions in high-crime vulnerable areas.

本研究的目的是评估皮拉雷斯社区计划在2019年至2023年期间对墨西哥城犯罪率和犯罪危害的影响。方法采用交错差中差方法，我们在皮拉雷斯中心周围的10个街区和20个街区范围内检查了皮拉雷斯项目对三个犯罪指标的影响——犯罪率（CR）、每位居民的犯罪伤害（CHIP）和每位受害者的犯罪伤害（CHIV）。结果分析未发现可归因于Pilares计划的CR、CHIP或CHIV的统计学显著变化。出乎意料的是，在2023年，在项目场地周围的20个街区区域内，观察到CR略有增加。结论：我们的分析结果表明，在评估的时间框架内，皮拉雷斯计划没有影响犯罪率或相关危害。这一发现强调了在高犯罪率脆弱地区评估社区干预措施的复杂性。

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引用次数: 0