Journal of Experimental Criminology最新文献

Objectives

The over usage of exclusionary discipline to address school-based behaviors remains a substantive concern given the linkage between school discipline (e.g., suspensions, expulsions, and referrals to the juvenile justice system) and adulthood involvement in the legal system. Research on strategies to reduce the usage of exclusionary discipline remains limited, warranting the quasi-experimental evaluation of School Justice Partnerships (SJPs).

Methods

A statewide evaluation of the effects of SJPs on disciplinary actions for school-based behaviors at the county-level was conducted by estimating multi-level interrupted time series analyses using publicly available data.

Results

The results of the analyses suggested that the implementation of a SJP was associated with immediate and sustained reductions in the rate of complaints to juvenile justice, but immediate reductions in long-term suspensions that rebounded over time.

Conclusions

Improvements to the SJPs model should be implemented to ensure that the partnership is effective at reducing both referrals to juvenile justice and school disciplinary actions.

Objectives

Investigate how the threat of a possible felony conviction affects defendants’ willingness to accept a plea (WTAP) and whether perceptions of collateral consequences explain this influence.

Methods

We use a nationwide (N=659) vignette experiment which manipulated 1) guilt and 2) plea offer charge reduction (felony or misdemeanor) to determine their effect on WTAP. Respondents were also asked to rank the relative importance of common collateral consequences in their decision to plea (or not).

Results

A felony probation plea offer, relative to a misdemeanor probation offer, was associated with lower WTAP. Perceptions of collateral consequences did not account for this “felony effect” on WTAP.

Conclusions

While people want to avoid the “mark” of a felony conviction, it is not necessarily due to fear of specific collateral consequences; instead, it appears that people want to avoid the stigmatizing label.

Objectives

To assess whether data on traffic stop outcomes causally impacts public approval of discretionary traffic stops as a crime control strategy.

Methods

We distributed an original online survey experiment randomly assigning respondents (N = 4740) into either the (1) contraband condition, (2) disparity condition, or (3) the control condition.

Results

In comparison to the control condition, the contraband condition significantly increased respondent support of discretionary traffic stops as a crime-fighting tool. Black respondents assigned the contraband treatment were significantly more likely to support the use of discretionary traffic stops compared to Black respondents assigned the control condition.

Conclusions

Although scrutiny exists regarding the efficacy of discretionary traffic stops, public opinion may be shifted if they are provided with information on the outcomes of such stops. Police agencies should consider coupling evidence-based strategies with data on the outcomes of crime control strategies, which may also address community desire for more transparency. Minority civilians may support crime control strategies if presented with data on such strategies’ effectiveness.

Objectives

A comprehensive scoping review, followed by visual analyses of results, was conducted to understand the overall money laundering threat landscape.

Methods

A PRSIMA-ScR-compliant review of 105 money laundering ‘typologies and trends’ reports was conducted, coding different components of money laundering and addressing the often-inconsistent nature of typologies reporting.

Results

The review identified 16 typologies, over 200 value instruments, over 200 actors/entities and 2565 red-flag indicators relevant to money laundering. Results were visualised to identify aggregate trends, including the suspicious activities with which these actors/entities and value instruments are typically involved.

Conclusion

The review suggests that a more holistic and cross-typological approach to reporting money laundering-related financial intelligence can assist in fostering better data sharing and cooperation across jurisdictions. Implications are drawn for how ‘typologies’ can be reported and articulated across relevant stakeholders in a more standardised and effective manner to improve prevention measures.

Objectives

Test the effects of police compliance with the restrictions on their authority embedded in Social Contract Theory (SCT) on police legitimacy, satisfaction with the police, and willingness to obey police officers.

Methods

A two-stage vignette experiment. In the first, 1356 participants were randomly assigned to one of four study conditions: control, procedural justice (PJ), police performance (PP), and compliance with the social contract (SC). In the follow-up stage, 660 participants were randomly assigned to either a control or proportionality/least restrictive alternative (PL) condition.

Results

Compared to the control condition, the SC manipulation improved evaluations of all three dependent variables. For legitimacy, its effect was no different than that of PJ and PP. For satisfaction, it was similar to that of PP and stronger than the effect of PJ. For willingness to obey, it was no different than the effect of PJ, but stronger than that of PP. The second stage of the experiment revealed that compared to the control condition, the two unique components of the SC model (PL) significantly improved the scores of all three DVs.

Conclusions

Police adherence to the SC, and particularly to its two unique components, is an important determinant of police legitimacy and other outcomes, and should thus be acknowledged by researchers and practitioners. Future research is encouraged to disentangle the relative effects of the “building blocks” making up PJ, PP, and compliance with the SC.

Objectives

This study was a 3-year experiment to determine the impact of a fatigue training intervention on police employee sleep, mental health, wellbeing, and safety.

Methods

Using a randomized control trial (RCT) experimental design, employees from the Seattle Police Department were exposed to a fatigue training intervention. Measurement included wrist actigraphy to objectively measure sleep, as well as a battery of validated surveys to measure sleep quality, sleepiness, depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology.

Results

Study results revealed that the training significantly improved employee sleep (+ 18 min per 24-h period) and reduced rates of depression, anxiety, PTSD symptomatology, and likelihood of falling asleep at the wheel.

Conclusions

This study is the first to document the effectiveness of a fatigue training intervention in promoting police employee sleep, mental health, wellbeing, and safety using an RCT design. Implications for the police profession are discussed.

Objective

This experimental study examined if people are more willing to cooperate with police after police apologize and provide a plan of action to prevent wrongdoing in the future. It also tested if prior procedural justice perceptions moderate the effect.

Methods

Adults (N = 536) were randomly assigned to read a police apology vignette with or without a plan of action.

Results

Participants were more willing to cooperate with police if the police apology included a plan of action. Effects were stronger among participants with negative perceptions of procedural justice at the start of the study.

Conclusions

In order for police to mend their relationship with their community and enhance voluntary cooperation, police should recognize and apologize for past harm and also explain their plan of action moving forward.

Objectives

This study evaluated a micro hot spot (MHS) program developed based entirely on the chief executive’s professional exposure to hot spot policing tactics. It considers the informal stage followed by a formal stage in program development and implementation.

Methods

To examine the MHS program on gun violence, the study executes multiple interrupted time series analyses using Poisson or negative binomial regression to model count data with a non-normal distribution. Weekly crime and calls for service data are analyzed at the city level.

Results

We report a significant decrease in the level of calls for service involving non-fatal shootings, compared to the pre-intervention level. Further, the decreasing trend became steeper in the post-MHS program period. There is also evidence of decreases in both the level and trend of gun homicides in the post-intervention period.

Conclusions

The study provides insight to police departments with basic evidence-based knowledge that attempts to address gun violence in a timely manner.

Objectives

The current study examines the influence of gang affiliation and specific gangs on prison misconduct, particularly serious and assaultive behavior.

Methods

Different matching procedures were employed with a large sample of gang and nongang inmates to minimize confounding factors likely to impact the effect of gang affiliation on outcome measures. A wide array of demographic variables associated with gang affiliation is included in multivariate analyses in predicting general, serious, and assaultive acts.

Results

Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) generally yielded similar results. Consistent with prior research, gang-affiliated inmates committed significantly higher rates of general and serious violations.

Conclusions

Researchers may prefer PSM over CEM when analyzing serious and rare behaviors. Prison gang affiliation is a significant contributing factor to various prison disciplinary outcomes, and specific gang affiliation significantly influences disciplinary outcomes.

Abstract