Pub Date : 2021-07-02DOI: 10.1177/14730952211026693
F. Nourian, M. Alipour, P. Ache
More than half a century has passed since the first use of models in urban planning. Most urban planners have agreed on using models either to simplify complicated systems or to make simulations of such systems in order to predict their future. There is, however, disagreement on how far such simplifications and simulations have worked toward the planners’ goals and objectives. In this paper, through historical analysis, we placed the model-theory interaction into the broader scope of scientific modeling to develop guidelines applicable to the narrow field of urban modeling. Here, we developed an argument that models’ applicability and meaningfulness in urban planning are primarily dependent on planning theories, that is, models and theories should move parallel to achieve all the functions and capabilities claimed by models. Thus, an interactive process shapes the model as the mediator between the theory and the phenomenon: (a) the theory explains an abstract phenomenon, (b) the model provides an understanding of that phenomenon, and (c) the original abstract explanation is revisited and made more practical. This evolutionary process is our view of the “mediator model,” that is, a new definition of the urban model.
{"title":"Model-theory interaction in urban planning: A critical review","authors":"F. Nourian, M. Alipour, P. Ache","doi":"10.1177/14730952211026693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14730952211026693","url":null,"abstract":"More than half a century has passed since the first use of models in urban planning. Most urban planners have agreed on using models either to simplify complicated systems or to make simulations of such systems in order to predict their future. There is, however, disagreement on how far such simplifications and simulations have worked toward the planners’ goals and objectives. In this paper, through historical analysis, we placed the model-theory interaction into the broader scope of scientific modeling to develop guidelines applicable to the narrow field of urban modeling. Here, we developed an argument that models’ applicability and meaningfulness in urban planning are primarily dependent on planning theories, that is, models and theories should move parallel to achieve all the functions and capabilities claimed by models. Thus, an interactive process shapes the model as the mediator between the theory and the phenomenon: (a) the theory explains an abstract phenomenon, (b) the model provides an understanding of that phenomenon, and (c) the original abstract explanation is revisited and made more practical. This evolutionary process is our view of the “mediator model,” that is, a new definition of the urban model.","PeriodicalId":47713,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory","volume":"21 1","pages":"229 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/14730952211026693","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42554008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.1177/14730952211003535
W. Salet
{"title":"The Construction of Legality in Everyday Practices of Planning","authors":"W. Salet","doi":"10.1177/14730952211003535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14730952211003535","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47713,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory","volume":"21 1","pages":"412 - 414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/14730952211003535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48157116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1177/14730952211014563
Jocelyn Poe
While planning theory has long acknowledged the profession’s role in producing racialized spatial realities, few have explored how place-based trauma shapes places and affects spatial processes and lived experiences. To fill this gap, I employ my experience as a practicing planner working primarily in Black communities in Jackson, Mississippi, to conceptualize communal trauma as a place-based theory that can help planners understand how racialized communities hurt and address it. In this paper, I, first, analyze autoethnographic data as trauma imaginaries, the intersection of spatial imaginaries and trauma. From this analysis, I then construct communal trauma as harm and wrong committed against targeted racialized groups so horrendous that it induces a traumatic condition. Finally, I discuss the implications for the field of planning. I propose that identifying trauma imaginaries as an indicator of communal trauma can help planners develop trauma remediation approaches that advance ethics and justice in the field.
{"title":"Theorizing communal trauma: Examining the relationship between race, spatial imaginaries, and planning in the U.S. South","authors":"Jocelyn Poe","doi":"10.1177/14730952211014563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14730952211014563","url":null,"abstract":"While planning theory has long acknowledged the profession’s role in producing racialized spatial realities, few have explored how place-based trauma shapes places and affects spatial processes and lived experiences. To fill this gap, I employ my experience as a practicing planner working primarily in Black communities in Jackson, Mississippi, to conceptualize communal trauma as a place-based theory that can help planners understand how racialized communities hurt and address it. In this paper, I, first, analyze autoethnographic data as trauma imaginaries, the intersection of spatial imaginaries and trauma. From this analysis, I then construct communal trauma as harm and wrong committed against targeted racialized groups so horrendous that it induces a traumatic condition. Finally, I discuss the implications for the field of planning. I propose that identifying trauma imaginaries as an indicator of communal trauma can help planners develop trauma remediation approaches that advance ethics and justice in the field.","PeriodicalId":47713,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory","volume":"21 1","pages":"56 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/14730952211014563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45029224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.1177/14730952211015633
M. Gunder
We celebrate the work and contribution of Michael Gunder, the previous Managing Editor of Planning Theory (2011-2015). Michael was a multifaceted planning practitioner and planning theorist who contributed significantly to the development of planning thought. In this short piece, three of us who have known Michael in different capacities have come together to remember Michael and his contribution to the planning discipline. Dr Elham (Ellie) Bahmanteymouri, Lecturer in Urban Planning at the University of Auckland, New Zealand was Michael’s PhD student and subsequent colleague. Ellie introduces Michael and his life and contributions before reflecting on what his demise means to her personally. Prof. Jean Hillier, Emeritus Professor at RMIT University, Melbourne was a friend and co-author who has published several articles and a book with Michael. Jean follows Ellie in reflecting on Michael as co-author and friend. Prof. Angelique Chettiparamb, Professor of Planning and Governance at the University of Reading, UK succeeded Michael as Managing Editor of this journal and knew Michael both as a friend and her predecessor at the journal. Angelique reflects on Michael as a person and his contributions to the journal as well as her own transition into her current role.
{"title":"Celebrating Michael Gunder (1954-2021)","authors":"M. Gunder","doi":"10.1177/14730952211015633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14730952211015633","url":null,"abstract":"We celebrate the work and contribution of Michael Gunder, the previous Managing Editor of Planning Theory (2011-2015). Michael was a multifaceted planning practitioner and planning theorist who contributed significantly to the development of planning thought. In this short piece, three of us who have known Michael in different capacities have come together to remember Michael and his contribution to the planning discipline. Dr Elham (Ellie) Bahmanteymouri, Lecturer in Urban Planning at the University of Auckland, New Zealand was Michael’s PhD student and subsequent colleague. Ellie introduces Michael and his life and contributions before reflecting on what his demise means to her personally. Prof. Jean Hillier, Emeritus Professor at RMIT University, Melbourne was a friend and co-author who has published several articles and a book with Michael. Jean follows Ellie in reflecting on Michael as co-author and friend. Prof. Angelique Chettiparamb, Professor of Planning and Governance at the University of Reading, UK succeeded Michael as Managing Editor of this journal and knew Michael both as a friend and her predecessor at the journal. Angelique reflects on Michael as a person and his contributions to the journal as well as her own transition into her current role.","PeriodicalId":47713,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory","volume":"20 1","pages":"95 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/14730952211015633","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41869800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-29DOI: 10.1177/14730952211012429
Phil I. Jones, Lauren Andres, S. Denoon-Stevens, Lorena Melgaco Silva Marques
For Kristeva (1982) the abject not only caused visceral disgust but posed a threat to the established order of society. The abject is a product of particular times and places but limited attention has been given to understanding the process of transitioning away from abject status. We address this gap here through an examination of the planning profession in post-apartheid South Africa. The paper examines how the abject is fluid and resilient, evolving to fit a changing planning system and broader political economy where a discourse of abjection by race has been replaced by a focus on poverty.
{"title":"Planning out abjection? The role of the planning profession in post-apartheid South Africa","authors":"Phil I. Jones, Lauren Andres, S. Denoon-Stevens, Lorena Melgaco Silva Marques","doi":"10.1177/14730952211012429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14730952211012429","url":null,"abstract":"For Kristeva (1982) the abject not only caused visceral disgust but posed a threat to the established order of society. The abject is a product of particular times and places but limited attention has been given to understanding the process of transitioning away from abject status. We address this gap here through an examination of the planning profession in post-apartheid South Africa. The paper examines how the abject is fluid and resilient, evolving to fit a changing planning system and broader political economy where a discourse of abjection by race has been replaced by a focus on poverty.","PeriodicalId":47713,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory","volume":"21 1","pages":"35 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/14730952211012429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43705278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-06DOI: 10.1177/14730952211000400
Francesco Lo Piccolo, Vincenzo Todaro
In some marginal contexts of Southern Italy, in light of specific economic, political and social conditions, certain relationships between ‘strong powers’ and ‘weak powers’ produce a suspension of norms/rights that is, paradoxically, ‘normalised’. This creates a particular spatial variation of Agamben’s (2005) state of exception concept: the ‘landscape of exception’. With respect to the possible conditions of ‘exception’, this article describes the ‘landscape of exception’ of the greenhouse system in South-Eastern Sicily. This ‘landscape of exception’ is generated by the greenhouses, in particular those dedicated to vegetable production, through an effective mechanism of spatial manipulation of the landscape and social control of migrant workers. In relation to these considerations, this work reflects on the ethical challenges and responsibilities of planning, highlighting (explicit and latent) conflicts and power inequalities in the ‘landscapes of exception’, where issues of environmental sustainability, social justice and the suspension of norms are closely intertwined.
{"title":"‘Landscape of exception’: Power inequalities and ethical planning challenges in the landscape transformation of south-eastern Sicily","authors":"Francesco Lo Piccolo, Vincenzo Todaro","doi":"10.1177/14730952211000400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14730952211000400","url":null,"abstract":"In some marginal contexts of Southern Italy, in light of specific economic, political and social conditions, certain relationships between ‘strong powers’ and ‘weak powers’ produce a suspension of norms/rights that is, paradoxically, ‘normalised’. This creates a particular spatial variation of Agamben’s (2005) state of exception concept: the ‘landscape of exception’. With respect to the possible conditions of ‘exception’, this article describes the ‘landscape of exception’ of the greenhouse system in South-Eastern Sicily. This ‘landscape of exception’ is generated by the greenhouses, in particular those dedicated to vegetable production, through an effective mechanism of spatial manipulation of the landscape and social control of migrant workers. In relation to these considerations, this work reflects on the ethical challenges and responsibilities of planning, highlighting (explicit and latent) conflicts and power inequalities in the ‘landscapes of exception’, where issues of environmental sustainability, social justice and the suspension of norms are closely intertwined.","PeriodicalId":47713,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory","volume":"21 1","pages":"8 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/14730952211000400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43285890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-26DOI: 10.1177/14730952211001103
Esin Özdemir
In this article, I readdress the issue of rationality, which has been so far considered in western liberal democracies and in planning theory as procedural, and more recently as post-political in the post-foundational approach, aiming to show how it can gain a substantive and politicising character. I first discuss the problems and limits of the treatment of rational thinking as well as rational consensus-seeking as merely procedural and post-political. Secondly, utilising the notion of Realrationalität of Flyvbjerg, I discuss how rationality attains a politicising role due to its strong relationship with power. Using the concept of planning rationality aiming at public interest, I present the general position and actions of professional organisations in Turkey, focusing on the Chamber of City Planners, as an example illustrative of my argument. I finally argue that rationality becomes a substantive issue that politicizes planning, when it is put forward as an alternative to authoritarian market logic. In doing so, I adopt the Rancièrian definition of the political, defined as disclosure of a wrong and staging of equality. In conclusion, I first emphasize the importance of avoiding quick rejections of the concepts of rationality and consensus in the framework of planning activity and planning theory and secondly, call for a broader definition of the political; the political that is not confined to conflict but is open to rational thinking and rational consensus.
{"title":"Rationality revisited: Politicisation through planning rationality against the rationality of power","authors":"Esin Özdemir","doi":"10.1177/14730952211001103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14730952211001103","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I readdress the issue of rationality, which has been so far considered in western liberal democracies and in planning theory as procedural, and more recently as post-political in the post-foundational approach, aiming to show how it can gain a substantive and politicising character. I first discuss the problems and limits of the treatment of rational thinking as well as rational consensus-seeking as merely procedural and post-political. Secondly, utilising the notion of Realrationalität of Flyvbjerg, I discuss how rationality attains a politicising role due to its strong relationship with power. Using the concept of planning rationality aiming at public interest, I present the general position and actions of professional organisations in Turkey, focusing on the Chamber of City Planners, as an example illustrative of my argument. I finally argue that rationality becomes a substantive issue that politicizes planning, when it is put forward as an alternative to authoritarian market logic. In doing so, I adopt the Rancièrian definition of the political, defined as disclosure of a wrong and staging of equality. In conclusion, I first emphasize the importance of avoiding quick rejections of the concepts of rationality and consensus in the framework of planning activity and planning theory and secondly, call for a broader definition of the political; the political that is not confined to conflict but is open to rational thinking and rational consensus.","PeriodicalId":47713,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory","volume":"20 1","pages":"350 - 371"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/14730952211001103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42471576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-26DOI: 10.1177/14730952211000384
R. Vasudevan, Magdalena Novoa E.
In recent years, emerging work from the “southern” and “south/eastern” contexts has widened the theoretical discussion and the geographical focus of the contemporary planning debate. Inspired by Arturo Escobar’s notion of the “Pluriverse,” this article proposes a “pluriversal planning scholarship,” to articulate the theoretical and community-based contributions of an evolving stream of planning research that embraces multiplicity, coexistence, and critical thinking. Through a review of over 300 publications in top planning journals, we suggest that pluriversal scholars engage in creative methodologies to do community-based work. They contribute to extending planning theory by drawing from other fields, such as Black feminism, decolonial thought, and Indigenous studies to highlight the everyday experiences and resistances of residents despite a state that is failing them. Additionally, they actively contribute to community-based work through reciprocal theory development with community members, capacity building, and visibilizing residents’ stories when appropriate.
{"title":"Pluriversal planning scholarship: Embracing multiplicity and situated knowledges in community-based approaches","authors":"R. Vasudevan, Magdalena Novoa E.","doi":"10.1177/14730952211000384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14730952211000384","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, emerging work from the “southern” and “south/eastern” contexts has widened the theoretical discussion and the geographical focus of the contemporary planning debate. Inspired by Arturo Escobar’s notion of the “Pluriverse,” this article proposes a “pluriversal planning scholarship,” to articulate the theoretical and community-based contributions of an evolving stream of planning research that embraces multiplicity, coexistence, and critical thinking. Through a review of over 300 publications in top planning journals, we suggest that pluriversal scholars engage in creative methodologies to do community-based work. They contribute to extending planning theory by drawing from other fields, such as Black feminism, decolonial thought, and Indigenous studies to highlight the everyday experiences and resistances of residents despite a state that is failing them. Additionally, they actively contribute to community-based work through reciprocal theory development with community members, capacity building, and visibilizing residents’ stories when appropriate.","PeriodicalId":47713,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory","volume":"21 1","pages":"77 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/14730952211000384","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45125630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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