Although collaboration is essential for solving complex problems, many teams lack access to skilled facilitators who can structure effective discussions. In resource-constrained settings, such as collaborative business decision-making, external facilitation is often infeasible, placing the burden of coordination and reasoning on the participants themselves. While teams can often manage tasks and logistics, they frequently struggle with the deeper cognitive demands of collaboration including clarifying goals, articulating reasoning, and evaluating assumptions. Existing facilitation frameworks often overlook the real-time reasoning needed for high-quality problem solving. As a result, groups without trained facilitators are vulnerable to shallow framing, decision inertia, and missed opportunities for reflection. To address this gap, we propose a lightweight, portable solution comprising a set of theory-driven facilitation cards that guide users through key cognitive moves during discussion without requiring prior training. We developed a deck of 25 cognition-oriented prompts, grounded in cognitive psychology and triple-space interaction theory. In a study involving 30 self-facilitated dyads completing 12-session business simulations, the card format measurably enhanced participants’ ability to frame problems and sustain reflective reasoning. Utterance-level analysis of 6969 conversational turns revealed that specific cards triggered deeper reasoning in both immediate responses and delayed turns, suggesting lasting cognitive activation. Teams that engaged more with the cards showed greater task improvement over time. The findings of this study inform the design of cognitive prompts and suggest routes for future integration involving adaptive, real-time support for self-guided, cognitively demanding collaboration scenarios.
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