Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72564
Rajbir, Vikas Tomar, Jagdeep Singh
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a significant crop in global agriculture, often referred to as "wonder cane" for its slow yet robust growth. Despite its importance, sugarcane faces a critical challenge from weed infestation, which can significantly reduce yields if not properly managed. Weed competition is most intense during the early stages of sugarcane growth, with studies indicating that unchecked weed presence during this critical period can result in yield reductions ranging from 20% to 40%. In some cases, this reduction can reach as high as 70%. This review explores effective weed management strategies for sustainable sugarcane cultivation, emphasizing the importance of controlling weeds during the early phase of crop development. Beyond this phase, the sugarcane crop tends to smother weed growth on its own. However, early and effective weed management is crucial to prevent heavy infestations that could lead to yield loss, increased harvesting costs, and other complications. The Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research (IISR) has developed "Integrated Weed Management," a technology that provides cost-effective weed control solutions for sugarcane farmers. This approach integrates various methods, including pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicide applications, hand weeding, and mechanical cultivation. Pre-emergence herbicides like atrazine and oxyfluorfen, followed by post-emergence applications of glyphosate, have proven effective in controlling weed growth in sugarcane fields. Additionally, certain weed species, such as Paspalum paniculatum and P. urvillei, can cause allopathic effects on sugarcane roots, further emphasizing the need for timely weed management. The implementation of integrated weed management techniques has shown to reduce the weed seed bank, which is crucial for sustainable sugarcane cultivation. These strategies not only ensure higher yields and reduced costs but also support the overall health of sugarcane crops by preventing the proliferation of weeds that could serve as hosts for diseases and pests. By adopting effective weed management strategies, sugarcane farmers can achieve sustainable cultivation, maximizing yield while minimizing environmental impact and ensuring a successful harvest.
{"title":"Effective Weed Management Strategies for Sustainable Cultivation of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.): A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Rajbir, Vikas Tomar, Jagdeep Singh","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72564","url":null,"abstract":"Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a significant crop in global agriculture, often referred to as \"wonder cane\" for its slow yet robust growth. Despite its importance, sugarcane faces a critical challenge from weed infestation, which can significantly reduce yields if not properly managed. Weed competition is most intense during the early stages of sugarcane growth, with studies indicating that unchecked weed presence during this critical period can result in yield reductions ranging from 20% to 40%. In some cases, this reduction can reach as high as 70%. This review explores effective weed management strategies for sustainable sugarcane cultivation, emphasizing the importance of controlling weeds during the early phase of crop development. Beyond this phase, the sugarcane crop tends to smother weed growth on its own. However, early and effective weed management is crucial to prevent heavy infestations that could lead to yield loss, increased harvesting costs, and other complications. The Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research (IISR) has developed \"Integrated Weed Management,\" a technology that provides cost-effective weed control solutions for sugarcane farmers. This approach integrates various methods, including pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicide applications, hand weeding, and mechanical cultivation. Pre-emergence herbicides like atrazine and oxyfluorfen, followed by post-emergence applications of glyphosate, have proven effective in controlling weed growth in sugarcane fields. Additionally, certain weed species, such as Paspalum paniculatum and P. urvillei, can cause allopathic effects on sugarcane roots, further emphasizing the need for timely weed management. The implementation of integrated weed management techniques has shown to reduce the weed seed bank, which is crucial for sustainable sugarcane cultivation. These strategies not only ensure higher yields and reduced costs but also support the overall health of sugarcane crops by preventing the proliferation of weeds that could serve as hosts for diseases and pests. By adopting effective weed management strategies, sugarcane farmers can achieve sustainable cultivation, maximizing yield while minimizing environmental impact and ensuring a successful harvest.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141377426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted at horticulture farm, Aroma College, Haridwar during summer season of 2022-23 to evaluate the performance of different organic source of nutrients on growth of Thai guava cv. VNR bihi. Therefore, biofertilizers were applied as per various treatments under the tree canopy. This experiment was designed in Randomized Block Design with three replicates. The highest fruit length (10.08 cm), Fruit breadth (12.90 cm), Average fruit weight (616.30 g), Number of fruits per plant (35), Yield (21.60 kg/plant), Number of seeds per fruit (287.00) to were found in T12 (Farmyard Manure + Poultry manure + Azotobacter + Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria) From March to December every month followed by T11 ( FYM + Poultry manure + PSB).The lowest of all these parameters were found in control T14 (8.77 cm, 9.97 cm, 524.02 g, 25. Number of fruits/plant, 13.28 kg/plant, 225.25 Number of seeds/ fruit) was recorded.
{"title":"Impact of Organic Fertilizers on Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Yield","authors":"Harish Kumar, Sunita, Tejvir Singh, Jogendra Singh","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72563","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted at horticulture farm, Aroma College, Haridwar during summer season of 2022-23 to evaluate the performance of different organic source of nutrients on growth of Thai guava cv. VNR bihi. Therefore, biofertilizers were applied as per various treatments under the tree canopy. This experiment was designed in Randomized Block Design with three replicates. The highest fruit length (10.08 cm), Fruit breadth (12.90 cm), Average fruit weight (616.30 g), Number of fruits per plant (35), Yield (21.60 kg/plant), Number of seeds per fruit (287.00) to were found in T12 (Farmyard Manure + Poultry manure + Azotobacter + Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria) From March to December every month followed by T11 ( FYM + Poultry manure + PSB).The lowest of all these parameters were found in control T14 (8.77 cm, 9.97 cm, 524.02 g, 25. Number of fruits/plant, 13.28 kg/plant, 225.25 Number of seeds/ fruit) was recorded.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"63 s241","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72562
K. S. Girish, R. B. Negalur, S. S. Anjum, M. B. Patil
The field experiment was carried out to investigate the impact of pre- and post-emergence herbicides on chickpea growth and yield. Three replications were set up in RCBD with eleven treatments including: Intercultivation at 20 and 40 DAS, weed free check and weedy check along with two pre-emergence herbicides (Pendimethalin, Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr) and five post-emergence herbicides (Imazethapyr + Imazamox, Propaquizafop + Imazethapyr, Imazethapyr, Quizalofop ethyl and Aciflor + Clodinafop]. Among the herbicidal treatments, application of Pendimethalin 38.7 % CS @ 800 g a.i./ha as PE fb Propaquizafop 2.5 % + Imazethapyr 3.75% W/W ME (RM) @ 125 g a.i./ha as PoE at 25 DAS recorded significantly higher weed control efficiency (84.98%). In terms of yield economics the same treatment recorded higher yield attributes viz., higher number of pods per plant (49.09), higher weight of 100 seeds (24.86 g), higher seed yield per plant (21.37 g) and also recorded higher grain yield (2197 kg/ha), haulm yield (2766 kg/ha), net returns (₹ 80621/ha) and B:C ratio (3.01) compared to the other herbicidal treatments and was on par with the weed free check which was recorded higher results in all the above parameters but encountered with higher cost of cultivation. However, weedy check recorded lowest number of pods per plant (38.18), lower weight of 100 seeds (22.36 g) and lower Seed yield per plant (16.96 g) due to higher weed competition and resulted in lower yield and less returns.
该田间试验旨在研究萌芽前后除草剂对鹰嘴豆生长和产量的影响。在 RCBD 中设置了三次重复，共 11 个处理，包括：20 和 40 DAS 期的间作、无杂草对照、有杂草对照以及两次除草前处理：处理包括：20 和 40 DAS 期的间作、无杂草对照和杂草对照，以及两种芽前除草剂（Pendimethalin、Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr）和五种芽后除草剂（Imazethapyr + Imazamox、Propaquizafop + Imazethapyr、Imazethapyr、Quizalofop ethyl 和 Aciflor + Clodinafop]。在除草剂处理中，在 25 DAS 期施用 38.7 % Pendimethalin CS @ 800 g a.i./ha 作为 PE fb Propaquizafop 2.5 % + Imazethapyr 3.75% W/W ME (RM) @ 125 g a.i./ha 作为 PoE 的除草效果显著更高（84.98%）。在产量经济性方面，相同的处理记录了更高的产量属性，即在产量经济学方面，与其他除草剂处理相比，同一处理的产量属性更高，即每株荚果数（49.09）、百粒种子重量（24.86 克）、每株种子产量（21.37 克）更高，谷物产量（2197 千克/公顷）、茎秆产量（2766 千克/公顷）、净收益（80621 ₹/公顷）和 B:C 比（3.01）也更高。然而，由于杂草竞争较强，杂草对照的单株结荚数（38.18）、百粒种子重量（22.36 克）和单株种子产量（16.96 克）均较低，导致产量和收益降低。
{"title":"Impact of Weed Control Efficiency of Herbicides on Yield and Economic Returns of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)","authors":"K. S. Girish, R. B. Negalur, S. S. Anjum, M. B. Patil","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72562","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was carried out to investigate the impact of pre- and post-emergence herbicides on chickpea growth and yield. Three replications were set up in RCBD with eleven treatments including: Intercultivation at 20 and 40 DAS, weed free check and weedy check along with two pre-emergence herbicides (Pendimethalin, Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr) and five post-emergence herbicides (Imazethapyr + Imazamox, Propaquizafop + Imazethapyr, Imazethapyr, Quizalofop ethyl and Aciflor + Clodinafop]. Among the herbicidal treatments, application of Pendimethalin 38.7 % CS @ 800 g a.i./ha as PE fb Propaquizafop 2.5 % + Imazethapyr 3.75% W/W ME (RM) @ 125 g a.i./ha as PoE at 25 DAS recorded significantly higher weed control efficiency (84.98%). In terms of yield economics the same treatment recorded higher yield attributes viz., higher number of pods per plant (49.09), higher weight of 100 seeds (24.86 g), higher seed yield per plant (21.37 g) and also recorded higher grain yield (2197 kg/ha), haulm yield (2766 kg/ha), net returns (₹ 80621/ha) and B:C ratio (3.01) compared to the other herbicidal treatments and was on par with the weed free check which was recorded higher results in all the above parameters but encountered with higher cost of cultivation. However, weedy check recorded lowest number of pods per plant (38.18), lower weight of 100 seeds (22.36 g) and lower Seed yield per plant (16.96 g) due to higher weed competition and resulted in lower yield and less returns.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"57 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52394
Arun Kumar, M. R., Fathima, P. S., Yogananda, S. B., Shekara, B. G.
A field-based study was carried out during Kharif season in 2022 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V. C. Farm, Mandya, Karnataka, India. The soil was sandy loam in texture, neutral in reaction, low in available nitrogen, and medium in organic carbon, phosphorous and potassium status. The experiment was carried out with fodder Maize in randomized block design with 11 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments include varied levels of recommended dose of N (50, 75 and 100%) along with foliar application of nano urea (0.2% and 0.4%) and urea (2%) spray at 20 and 40 DAS, in comparison with RDF alone and control (RDF without N). The application of 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray recorded significantly higher growth parameters such as leaf area and dry matter accumulation at harvest and was on par with 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spray. Significantly higher green fodder yield, dry fodder yield and nutrient content in fodder maize was recorded in 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray and was on par with 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spray. Higher gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio was observed with application of 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray over rest of the treatments.
2022 年印度卡纳塔克邦曼迪亚市 V. C. 农场地区农业研究站开展了一项田间研究。土壤质地为沙壤土，呈中性反应，可利用氮含量低，有机碳、磷和钾含量中等。试验以饲料玉米为对象，采用随机区组设计，共设 11 个处理和 3 次重复。处理包括不同水平的氮推荐剂量（50%、75% 和 100%），以及在 20 DAS 和 40 DAS 叶面喷施纳米尿素（0.2% 和 0.4%）和尿素（2%），与单独施用 RDF 和对照（RDF 无氮）进行比较。喷施 100%推荐剂量的氮+尿素（2%）与喷施 100%推荐剂量的氮+纳米尿素（0.4%）相比，收获时的叶面积和干物质积累等生长参数显著增加。喷施 100%推荐剂量的氮+尿素（2%）的饲料玉米的青饲料产量、干饲料产量和营养成分含量明显高于喷施 100%推荐剂量的氮+纳米尿素（0.4%）。与其他处理相比，施用 100%推荐剂量的氮+尿素（2%）喷雾剂可获得更高的总收益、净收益和 B:C 比率。
{"title":"Influence of Foliar Application of Nano Urea and Urea on Productivity and Nutrient Status of Fodder Maize during Kharif Season","authors":"Arun Kumar, M. R., Fathima, P. S., Yogananda, S. B., Shekara, B. G.","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52394","url":null,"abstract":"A field-based study was carried out during Kharif season in 2022 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V. C. Farm, Mandya, Karnataka, India. The soil was sandy loam in texture, neutral in reaction, low in available nitrogen, and medium in organic carbon, phosphorous and potassium status. The experiment was carried out with fodder Maize in randomized block design with 11 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments include varied levels of recommended dose of N (50, 75 and 100%) along with foliar application of nano urea (0.2% and 0.4%) and urea (2%) spray at 20 and 40 DAS, in comparison with RDF alone and control (RDF without N). The application of 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray recorded significantly higher growth parameters such as leaf area and dry matter accumulation at harvest and was on par with 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spray. Significantly higher green fodder yield, dry fodder yield and nutrient content in fodder maize was recorded in 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray and was on par with 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spray. Higher gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio was observed with application of 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray over rest of the treatments.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140364267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52393
L. O. Igbatigbi, O. Osaiyuwu, R. Fatai, O. M. Coker, O. E. Fijabi
Ghrelin (GHRL) is a novel 28-amino acid gut-brain peptide linked to a gene associated with the regulation of growth hormones in birds. This study was carried out to investigate the polymorphism of the Ghrelin gene in Fulani and Yoruba ecotypes chickens in Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from seventy-eight (78) Nigerian indigenous chickens comprising of 41 Yoruba ecotype chickens and 37 Fulani ecotype chickens. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used and the MboII restriction enzyme cut site 71 of the ghrelin and genetic structure were determined. Population structure was analyzed using allele and genotype frequencies, heterozygosity and genetic variation metrics. Two alleles (C and T) and three genotypes (CC, CT and TT) were observed. In the Yoruba Ecotype, the allele frequencies were C (0.34) and T (0.66) respectively while C (0.45) and T (0.55) were observed in the Fulani ecotype and the overall population was C (0.39) and T (0.61). The genotype frequencies obtained were; in the Yoruba ecotype, CC (0.10), CT (0.48), and TT (0.41) were observed. In the Fulani ecotype, CC (0.22), CT (0.45), and TT (0.32) were also observed, and in the overall population CC (0.15). CT (0.47) and TT (0.37) were observed. FIS values for the Yoruba ecotype (-0.0847) and Fulani ecotype (0.00702) reflects random mating and inbreeding respectively. The effective number of alleles indicates that the Fulani ecotype has more effective alleles compared to the Yoruba ecotype. These results suggest that the Yoruba ecotype may be at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, while Fulani ecotype deviates for the ghrelin locus. In summary, our results may open opportunities for genetic improvement in Nigerian indigenous chicken due to the polymorphic nature of the ghrelin gene.
胃泌素（GHRL）是一种新型的 28 氨基酸肠脑多肽，与鸟类生长激素调节相关的基因有关。本研究旨在调查尼日利亚富拉尼鸡和约鲁巴鸡 Ghrelin 基因的多态性。研究人员采集了 78 只尼日利亚本土鸡的血样，其中包括 41 只约鲁巴生态型鸡和 37 只富拉尼生态型鸡。采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）方法，测定了胃泌素的 MboII 限制性酶切位点 71 和遗传结构。利用等位基因和基因型频率、杂合度和遗传变异指标分析了种群结构。观察到两种等位基因（C 和 T）和三种基因型（CC、CT 和 TT）。在约鲁巴生态型中，等位基因频率分别为 C (0.34) 和 T (0.66)，而在富拉尼生态型中，等位基因频率分别为 C (0.45) 和 T (0.55)，整个种群的等位基因频率为 C (0.39) 和 T (0.61)。获得的基因型频率为：在约鲁巴生态型中，观察到 CC（0.10）、CT（0.48）和 TT（0.41）。在富拉尼生态型中，也观察到了 CC（0.22）、CT（0.45）和 TT（0.32），在整个群体中观察到了 CC（0.15）、CT（0.47）和 TT（0.32）。CT（0.47）和 TT（0.37）。约鲁巴生态型（-0.0847）和富拉尼生态型（0.00702）的 FIS 值分别反映了随机交配和近亲繁殖。有效等位基因数表明，与约鲁巴生态型相比，富拉尼生态型具有更多的有效等位基因。这些结果表明，约鲁巴生态型可能处于哈代-温伯格平衡状态，而富拉尼生态型在胃泌素基因座上出现了偏差。总之，由于胃泌素基因的多态性，我们的研究结果为尼日利亚土鸡的遗传改良提供了机会。
{"title":"Diversity of the Ghrelin Gene in Nigeria’s Fulani and Yoruba Ecotype Chickens","authors":"L. O. Igbatigbi, O. Osaiyuwu, R. Fatai, O. M. Coker, O. E. Fijabi","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52393","url":null,"abstract":"Ghrelin (GHRL) is a novel 28-amino acid gut-brain peptide linked to a gene associated with the regulation of growth hormones in birds. This study was carried out to investigate the polymorphism of the Ghrelin gene in Fulani and Yoruba ecotypes chickens in Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from seventy-eight (78) Nigerian indigenous chickens comprising of 41 Yoruba ecotype chickens and 37 Fulani ecotype chickens. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used and the MboII restriction enzyme cut site 71 of the ghrelin and genetic structure were determined. Population structure was analyzed using allele and genotype frequencies, heterozygosity and genetic variation metrics. Two alleles (C and T) and three genotypes (CC, CT and TT) were observed. In the Yoruba Ecotype, the allele frequencies were C (0.34) and T (0.66) respectively while C (0.45) and T (0.55) were observed in the Fulani ecotype and the overall population was C (0.39) and T (0.61). The genotype frequencies obtained were; in the Yoruba ecotype, CC (0.10), CT (0.48), and TT (0.41) were observed. In the Fulani ecotype, CC (0.22), CT (0.45), and TT (0.32) were also observed, and in the overall population CC (0.15). CT (0.47) and TT (0.37) were observed. FIS values for the Yoruba ecotype (-0.0847) and Fulani ecotype (0.00702) reflects random mating and inbreeding respectively. The effective number of alleles indicates that the Fulani ecotype has more effective alleles compared to the Yoruba ecotype. These results suggest that the Yoruba ecotype may be at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, while Fulani ecotype deviates for the ghrelin locus. In summary, our results may open opportunities for genetic improvement in Nigerian indigenous chicken due to the polymorphic nature of the ghrelin gene.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"67 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140364767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As evident from plant and soil investigations, 49 per cent of Indian soils are deficient in zinc. This could affect the production and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as the crop is moderately sensitive to zinc deficiency. Zinc is considered to be the most important micronutrient for potato and its reduced availability in the plant is the major constraint to obtaining good tuber quality. However, repeated practice of rice-wheat cropping system in the tarai region of Uttarakhand has led to zinc deficiency in the soil, and thereby, its availability in the tubers. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken at the Vegetable Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) during the rabi season of 2021-22 with the objective to enhance the quality of potato tubers, and at the same time, increase the bioavailability of zinc in the tubers. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design with twelve treatments and four replications. The results of the experiment revealed that foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 2 g L-1 at 25 and 50 days after planting recorded the highest dry matter content (20.73%), specific gravity (1.07 g cm-3) and starch content (17.10%) in the tubers. The zinc content in tubers (47.58 ppm) and zinc uptake by tubers (2.85 kg ha-1) were also found to be maximum in the same treatment combination. Hence, the same treatment combination can be recommended for getting better quality of potato tubers as well as increasing zinc bioavailability in potato under the tarai region of Uttarakhand.
植物和土壤调查显示，49% 的印度土壤缺锌。这可能会影响马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）的产量和质量，因为该作物对缺锌相当敏感。锌被认为是马铃薯最重要的微量营养元素，植物中锌的供应减少是获得优质块茎的主要制约因素。然而，在北阿坎德邦的塔赖地区，水稻-小麦种植系统的反复实践导致土壤缺锌，从而影响了锌在块茎中的供应。因此，在 2021-22 年蕾期，本研究在北阿坎德邦潘特纳加 Govind Ballabh Pant 农业和技术大学蔬菜研究中心进行，目的是提高马铃薯块茎的质量，同时增加块茎中锌的生物利用率。实验采用随机完全区组设计，共有 12 个处理和 4 次重复。实验结果表明，在种植后 25 天和 50 天叶面喷施 2 g L-1 的硫酸锌，块茎的干物质含量（20.73%）、比重（1.07 g cm-3）和淀粉含量（17.10%）最高。在相同的处理组合中，块茎中的锌含量（47.58 ppm）和块茎对锌的吸收量（2.85 kg ha-1）也是最高的。因此，建议采用相同的处理组合，以提高马铃薯块茎的质量，并增加北阿坎德邦塔赖地区马铃薯的锌生物利用率。
{"title":"Zinc Application Enhances Tuber Quality and Zinc Bioavailability in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the Tarai Region of Uttarakhand","authors":"Riya Pandey, Swagat Ranjan Behera, Shaili, Poonam Priyadarshini Pradhan, Sanhita Sankalini Pradhan","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52390","url":null,"abstract":"As evident from plant and soil investigations, 49 per cent of Indian soils are deficient in zinc. This could affect the production and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as the crop is moderately sensitive to zinc deficiency. Zinc is considered to be the most important micronutrient for potato and its reduced availability in the plant is the major constraint to obtaining good tuber quality. However, repeated practice of rice-wheat cropping system in the tarai region of Uttarakhand has led to zinc deficiency in the soil, and thereby, its availability in the tubers. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken at the Vegetable Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) during the rabi season of 2021-22 with the objective to enhance the quality of potato tubers, and at the same time, increase the bioavailability of zinc in the tubers. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design with twelve treatments and four replications. The results of the experiment revealed that foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 2 g L-1 at 25 and 50 days after planting recorded the highest dry matter content (20.73%), specific gravity (1.07 g cm-3) and starch content (17.10%) in the tubers. The zinc content in tubers (47.58 ppm) and zinc uptake by tubers (2.85 kg ha-1) were also found to be maximum in the same treatment combination. Hence, the same treatment combination can be recommended for getting better quality of potato tubers as well as increasing zinc bioavailability in potato under the tarai region of Uttarakhand.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"35 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52392
Sarita Ghidode, Sanjay Kumar Joshi
The present study is to analysed the export competitiveness of non-basmati rice in Chhattisgarh based on secondary data. All of the secondary sources engaged in collection and curation of export data were utilised. The Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCIS), the Indiastat website, and the Agricultural and Processed Food Product Export Development Authority (APEDA) statistical export reports was used to gather the secondary data needed to meet the objectives over 10 years (2014 to 2023). Nominal protection coefficient, Revealed comparative advantage techniques were used to analyse the data. As NPC and RCA was less than unity, respectively, the competitiveness revealed that Chhattisgarh had a comparative disadvantage in the export of non- basmati rice. Thus the share of non-basmati rice in total agriculture export is medium.
{"title":"Export competitiveness of Non- basmati Rice in Chhattisgarh, India","authors":"Sarita Ghidode, Sanjay Kumar Joshi","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52392","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is to analysed the export competitiveness of non-basmati rice in Chhattisgarh based on secondary data. All of the secondary sources engaged in collection and curation of export data were utilised. The Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCIS), the Indiastat website, and the Agricultural and Processed Food Product Export Development Authority (APEDA) statistical export reports was used to gather the secondary data needed to meet the objectives over 10 years (2014 to 2023). Nominal protection coefficient, Revealed comparative advantage techniques were used to analyse the data. As NPC and RCA was less than unity, respectively, the competitiveness revealed that Chhattisgarh had a comparative disadvantage in the export of non- basmati rice. Thus the share of non-basmati rice in total agriculture export is medium.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"51 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140373200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52391
Rishabh Gupta, Ajeet Kumar Gupta, Niharika Yaduvanshi, Aman Srivastava, Jay Singh, S. C. Vimal, Piyusha Singh
The present investigation consisting of seeds of 72 genotypes with 3 check varieties (Varuna, Kranti, NDR-8501) were used for experimentation under Augmented Block Design in Indian mustard germplasm/genotypes was carried out during 2019-20 on the Student Instructional Farm Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology Kumarganj Ayodhya (U.P.) India. The characters studies were Days to 50 % flowering, Days to maturity, Plant height (cm), Number of primary branches/plants, Number of secondary branches/plants, Length of main raceme (cm), Number of silique in main raceme, Number of seeds/siliquae, 1000-seed weight (g) and Seed yield/plant (g). The highest positive direct effect on seed yield per plant exhibited by 1000 seed weight (0.2512) followed by length of main raceme (0.2189), the highest positive indirect effect on seed yield per plant was exhibited length on main raceme (0.0477) via seed pre-silique fallowed by the number of siliquae on main raceme (0.0332) via secondary branches per plant. The maximum intra-cluster distance was estimated in case of Cluster VI (2.652) followed by cluster I (2.520), Cluster IV (2.352), cluster III (2.329), cluster VIII (2.148). The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster IV and VI (4.417) followed by cluster III and VI (4.270), VI and VIII (4.251), cluster I and VII (4.156). The maximum cluster mean was found in cluster I (9.21) for seed yield per plant followed by cluster III (8.67) and cluster VII (8.50).
本次调查包括 72 个基因型的种子和 3 个对照品种（Varuna、Kranti、NDR-8501），在印度芥菜种质/基因型的扩增区组设计下进行实验，实验于 2019-20 年在印度阿查里亚-纳伦德拉-德瓦农业与技术大学库马甘杰阿约提亚（U.P. India）学生教学农场进行。研究的特征包括：50%开花日数、成熟日数、株高（厘米）、一级分枝数/株、二级分枝数/株、主总状花序长度（厘米）、主总状花序中的纤毛数、种子数/纤毛、千粒重（克）和种子产量/株（克）。1000 粒种子重量（0.2512）对单株种子产量的直接正效应最高，其次是主总状花序长度（0.2189）；通过种子前附属物对单株种子产量的间接正效应最高，表现为主总状花序长度（0.0477），其次是主总状花序附属物数量（0.0332）和单株次生分枝数量。簇内距离最大的是簇 VI（2.652），其次是簇 I（2.520）、簇 IV（2.352）、簇 III（2.329）和簇 VIII（2.148）。群组间距离最大的是群组 IV 和 VI（4.417），其次是群组 III 和 VI（4.270）、VI 和 VIII（4.251）、群组 I 和 VII（4.156）。每株种子产量方面，群组平均值最大的是群组 I（9.21），其次是群组 III（8.67）和群组 VII（8.50）。
{"title":"Path and Genetic Divergence Analysis of Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] Genotypes","authors":"Rishabh Gupta, Ajeet Kumar Gupta, Niharika Yaduvanshi, Aman Srivastava, Jay Singh, S. C. Vimal, Piyusha Singh","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52391","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation consisting of seeds of 72 genotypes with 3 check varieties (Varuna, Kranti, NDR-8501) were used for experimentation under Augmented Block Design in Indian mustard germplasm/genotypes was carried out during 2019-20 on the Student Instructional Farm Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology Kumarganj Ayodhya (U.P.) India. The characters studies were Days to 50 % flowering, Days to maturity, Plant height (cm), Number of primary branches/plants, Number of secondary branches/plants, Length of main raceme (cm), Number of silique in main raceme, Number of seeds/siliquae, 1000-seed weight (g) and Seed yield/plant (g). The highest positive direct effect on seed yield per plant exhibited by 1000 seed weight (0.2512) followed by length of main raceme (0.2189), the highest positive indirect effect on seed yield per plant was exhibited length on main raceme (0.0477) via seed pre-silique fallowed by the number of siliquae on main raceme (0.0332) via secondary branches per plant. The maximum intra-cluster distance was estimated in case of Cluster VI (2.652) followed by cluster I (2.520), Cluster IV (2.352), cluster III (2.329), cluster VIII (2.148). The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster IV and VI (4.417) followed by cluster III and VI (4.270), VI and VIII (4.251), cluster I and VII (4.156). The maximum cluster mean was found in cluster I (9.21) for seed yield per plant followed by cluster III (8.67) and cluster VII (8.50).","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"115 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52388
Jagadeesh S, Ashok Dhillon, Aarti Bajwan, Neeraj Pawar, D. P. Malik
Aims: To analyze the costs, returns and profitability of watermelon production in the study area. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Haryana and Karnataka state during the year 2021-22. Methodology: For the study, 120 farmers (60 farmers from each state) were selected from Haryana and Karnataka which are selected purposively. From Haryana state, Sonipat and Jhajjar districts and from Karnataka, Koppal and Chitradurga districts were selected purposively based on highest area under watermelon production. From each district two blocks were selected randomly. Further from each selected block two villages (15 farmers each) were selected. Results: Farmers of Karnataka investing more on seeds and plant protection chemicals (PPC) compared to farmers of Haryana. The cost of cultivation is higher in the Karnataka state (₹1,70,034.37/ha) compared to Haryana state (₹1,49,450.59/ha) farmers. The variation in cost of cultivation is due to Karnataka farmers were spending more on seeds, neem cake and PPC. The gross and net returns obtained per hectare was more in Karnataka state compared to Haryana state, because Karnataka has the suitable agro-climatic conditions for growing watermelon. Conclusion: The cost and return analysis revealed that watermelon production in the study area was profitable with returns per rupee of investment (B: C ratio) of 1:51 in Haryana and 1:75 in Karnataka.
{"title":"Assessing the Economic Viability of Watermelon Cultivation in Haryana and Karnataka, India: A Comparative Analysis","authors":"Jagadeesh S, Ashok Dhillon, Aarti Bajwan, Neeraj Pawar, D. P. Malik","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52388","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To analyze the costs, returns and profitability of watermelon production in the study area.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Haryana and Karnataka state during the year 2021-22.\u0000Methodology: For the study, 120 farmers (60 farmers from each state) were selected from Haryana and Karnataka which are selected purposively. From Haryana state, Sonipat and Jhajjar districts and from Karnataka, Koppal and Chitradurga districts were selected purposively based on highest area under watermelon production. From each district two blocks were selected randomly. Further from each selected block two villages (15 farmers each) were selected.\u0000Results: Farmers of Karnataka investing more on seeds and plant protection chemicals (PPC) compared to farmers of Haryana. The cost of cultivation is higher in the Karnataka state (₹1,70,034.37/ha) compared to Haryana state (₹1,49,450.59/ha) farmers. The variation in cost of cultivation is due to Karnataka farmers were spending more on seeds, neem cake and PPC. The gross and net returns obtained per hectare was more in Karnataka state compared to Haryana state, because Karnataka has the suitable agro-climatic conditions for growing watermelon.\u0000Conclusion: The cost and return analysis revealed that watermelon production in the study area was profitable with returns per rupee of investment (B: C ratio) of 1:51 in Haryana and 1:75 in Karnataka.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"40 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140373872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52389
Ajad Kumar, Hoshiyar Singh, Anil Kumar
The field experiment was conducted in loamy sand soil of the Horticulture farm, Vivekanand Global University Jaipur, during Rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22. The experiment comprises of 32 treatment combinations replicated three times was laid out in split-plot design (SPD) with four fertility levels of NPK (0, 50, 75 and 100% of recommended dose of NPK) and two levels of FYM (without FYM and with FYM @ 25 t ha-1) were added in main plots. Four bio-fertilizer levels (No inculcation, N2 fixer Azotobacter, PSB inculcation and N2 fixer Azotobacter + PSB inoculation) were added in sub plots. The treatments comprised of Chemical fertilizers, FYM and biofertilizers with ten treatments Viz., F0- Control, F1-50% of recommended dose of NPK, F2-75% of recommended dose of NPK, F3-100% of recommended dose of NPK, M0- Without FYM, M1- With FYM @ 25 t ha -1, B0- No inoculation, B1- N2 fixer Azotobacter, B2- PSB inoculation and B3- N2 Fixer Azotobacter + PSB inoculation, respectively. The results of the study have clearly shown that application of chemical fertilizer up to 100% RDF increased the entire yield and its attributes viz. (neck length, bulb diameter, number of scales, fresh weight of bulb, volume of bulb). With application of FYM @ 25 t ha-1 yield significantly improved with its attributes. Use of biofertilizers (N2 fixers Azotobacter + PSB inoculation) in combination or alone increased all yield and its attributes. Integrated system approach is not only the liable for attaining fairly high productivity with substantial fertilizer economy but also a concept of soundness leading to sustainable agriculture .
{"title":"Effect of NPK through Chemical Fertilizers Combination with Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and Bio-fertilizers on Yield Attributes of Onion (Allium cepa L.) in Jaipur Region of Rajasthan, India","authors":"Ajad Kumar, Hoshiyar Singh, Anil Kumar","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52389","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was conducted in loamy sand soil of the Horticulture farm, Vivekanand Global University Jaipur, during Rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22. The experiment comprises of 32 treatment combinations replicated three times was laid out in split-plot design (SPD) with four fertility levels of NPK (0, 50, 75 and 100% of recommended dose of NPK) and two levels of FYM (without FYM and with FYM @ 25 t ha-1) were added in main plots. Four bio-fertilizer levels (No inculcation, N2 fixer Azotobacter, PSB inculcation and N2 fixer Azotobacter + PSB inoculation) were added in sub plots. The treatments comprised of Chemical fertilizers, FYM and biofertilizers with ten treatments Viz., F0- Control, F1-50% of recommended dose of NPK, F2-75% of recommended dose of NPK, F3-100% of recommended dose of NPK, M0- Without FYM, M1- With FYM @ 25 t ha -1, B0- No inoculation, B1- N2 fixer Azotobacter, B2- PSB inoculation and B3- N2 Fixer Azotobacter + PSB inoculation, respectively. The results of the study have clearly shown that application of chemical fertilizer up to 100% RDF increased the entire yield and its attributes viz. (neck length, bulb diameter, number of scales, fresh weight of bulb, volume of bulb). With application of FYM @ 25 t ha-1 yield significantly improved with its attributes. Use of biofertilizers (N2 fixers Azotobacter + PSB inoculation) in combination or alone increased all yield and its attributes. Integrated system approach is not only the liable for attaining fairly high productivity with substantial fertilizer economy but also a concept of soundness leading to sustainable agriculture . ","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"4 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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