Chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are a widely cultivated spice and vegetable globally, with their origins rooted in Mexico. The primary diseases impacting chili production encompass Anthracnose, Phytophthora, Leaf blight, Fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt, damping-off, and root rot, among others. In recent years, there has been a growing concern surrounding Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum. This study aimed to investigate the fluctuations in mycorrhizal populations and the severity of wilt in chili farming regions within the state during the 2017-18 growing season. In each district, ten fields were examined, with two to three fields representing each village. The most substantial mycorrhizal colonization rate and the number of sporocarps in the soil were identified in Mahendragarh, with a mycorrhizal colonization rate of 17.3% and 260 sporocarps per 200 g of soil. Fatehabad district followed with a mycorrhizal colonization rate of 13.1% and 182 sporocarps per 200g of soil. The lowest values were recorded in Hisar district, with a mycorrhizal colonization rate of 11.5% and 138 sporocarps per 200g of soil. Wilt severity was most pronounced in Fatehabad district at 7.9%, followed by Mahendragarh at 7.3%, and was least severe in Hisar at 5.2%.
{"title":"Evaluating the Dynamics of Mycorrhizal Populations and Wilt Severity in Chili Cultivation Regions","authors":"None Sarita, Rakesh Kumar Chugh, Narender Singh, Pankaj Yadav","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102225","url":null,"abstract":"Chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are a widely cultivated spice and vegetable globally, with their origins rooted in Mexico. The primary diseases impacting chili production encompass Anthracnose, Phytophthora, Leaf blight, Fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt, damping-off, and root rot, among others. In recent years, there has been a growing concern surrounding Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum. This study aimed to investigate the fluctuations in mycorrhizal populations and the severity of wilt in chili farming regions within the state during the 2017-18 growing season. In each district, ten fields were examined, with two to three fields representing each village. The most substantial mycorrhizal colonization rate and the number of sporocarps in the soil were identified in Mahendragarh, with a mycorrhizal colonization rate of 17.3% and 260 sporocarps per 200 g of soil. Fatehabad district followed with a mycorrhizal colonization rate of 13.1% and 182 sporocarps per 200g of soil. The lowest values were recorded in Hisar district, with a mycorrhizal colonization rate of 11.5% and 138 sporocarps per 200g of soil. Wilt severity was most pronounced in Fatehabad district at 7.9%, followed by Mahendragarh at 7.3%, and was least severe in Hisar at 5.2%.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136033633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102224
W. James Grichar
Aim: Evaluate bixafen plus flutriafol when used in various fungicide programs for peanut foliar and soilborne disease control and yield response when using Georgia M-13 and Georgia 09B peanutvarieties.
Study Design: Randomized complete block.
Place and Duration of Study: Field studies were conducted from 2018 through 2020 in south-central Texas near Yoakum (29.276o N, -97.123o W).
Methodology: Fungicides were applied with a CO2-propellant sprayer. The spray boom was equipped with three D2-23 hollow-cone spray nozzles per row with the middle nozzle centered over each plant in the row and another nozzle located as such to spray on each side of the plant to provide thorough coverage with a spray volume was 187 L ha-1. All studies included a non-treated control and a comparison treatment of chlorothalonil only at 1.26 kg ha-1. Each plot consisted of four rows spaced 97 cm apart and 7.9 m long.
Results: The primary foliar disease was early leaf spot, caused by Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori. Bixafen + flutriafol applied twice in a 4 to 5 fungicide spray program in combination with chlorothalonil provided early leaf spot control as good as or better than the standard of chlorothalonil alone or chlorothalonil + azoxystrobin plus benzovindiflupyr. Fungicide treatments which included bixafen + flutriafol reduced southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. disease incidence up to 85%. The level of soilborne and foliar disease control exhibited with each fungicide program influenced peanut yield response as those programs which provided the best control also produced the highest yield.
Conclusion: These studies show the ability of bixafen plus flutriafol to provide control of foliar and soilborne diseases found in southwest peanut production.
目的:评价bixafen加氟曲霉醇在花生叶传和土传病害防治中的应用效果及对乔治亚州M-13和乔治亚州09B花生品种产量的影响。& # x0D;研究设计:随机完全区组。
研究地点和时间:实地研究于2018年至2020年在Yoakum附近的德克萨斯州中南部(29.2760 N， - 97.1230 W)进行。
方法学:杀菌剂采用co2推进剂喷雾。喷油臂每排配备三个D2-23空心锥喷嘴，中间喷嘴位于每行植物的中心，另一个喷嘴位于植物的每侧，以提供全面覆盖，喷雾量为187 L ha-1。所有研究均包括未处理的对照和仅使用1.26 kg hm -1的百菌清进行比较处理。每个地块由四行组成，行距97厘米，长7.9米。
结果:主要叶面病害为早叶斑病，由花生核孢子虫引起。Bixafen +氟三醇联合百菌清以4 ~ 5杀菌剂喷施两次，防治早期叶斑病的效果与百菌清单独或百菌清+嘧菌酯+苯并虫氟吡喃的效果相当，甚至更好。采用比沙芬+氟三醇的杀菌剂处理，可降低菌核菌引起的南枯萎病。疾病发病率高达85%。各杀真菌剂方案的土传病和叶面病防治水平影响花生产量响应，防治效果最好的方案产量最高。
结论:这些研究表明，bixafen加氟曲福对西南花生生产中常见的叶传和土传病害有一定的防治作用。
{"title":"Control of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Foliar and Soil-Borne Diseases Using Bixafen Plus Flutriafol","authors":"W. James Grichar","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102224","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Evaluate bixafen plus flutriafol when used in various fungicide programs for peanut foliar and soilborne disease control and yield response when using Georgia M-13 and Georgia 09B peanutvarieties. 
 Study Design: Randomized complete block.
 Place and Duration of Study: Field studies were conducted from 2018 through 2020 in south-central Texas near Yoakum (29.276o N, -97.123o W).
 Methodology: Fungicides were applied with a CO2-propellant sprayer. The spray boom was equipped with three D2-23 hollow-cone spray nozzles per row with the middle nozzle centered over each plant in the row and another nozzle located as such to spray on each side of the plant to provide thorough coverage with a spray volume was 187 L ha-1. All studies included a non-treated control and a comparison treatment of chlorothalonil only at 1.26 kg ha-1. Each plot consisted of four rows spaced 97 cm apart and 7.9 m long.
 Results: The primary foliar disease was early leaf spot, caused by Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori. Bixafen + flutriafol applied twice in a 4 to 5 fungicide spray program in combination with chlorothalonil provided early leaf spot control as good as or better than the standard of chlorothalonil alone or chlorothalonil + azoxystrobin plus benzovindiflupyr. Fungicide treatments which included bixafen + flutriafol reduced southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. disease incidence up to 85%. The level of soilborne and foliar disease control exhibited with each fungicide program influenced peanut yield response as those programs which provided the best control also produced the highest yield.
 Conclusion: These studies show the ability of bixafen plus flutriafol to provide control of foliar and soilborne diseases found in southwest peanut production.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102223
M. Emin Bariş, Sara Zolnoun Kaygusiz
Under the influence of rapidly changing global dynamics and urbanization, the unique identities of cities are in danger of being obscured by the monotony of uniform urban landscapes. In this context, emphasizing the critical importance of sustainable landscape planning, this article provides an in-depth perspective on how to preserve and contribute to the unique identities of cities. By considering different urban design approaches and techniques, the paper provides a detailed analysis of how sustainable landscape elements, ranging from natural vegetation conservation to modern stormwater management practices, can be incorporated into the urban landscape in an integrated manner. How these elements can act in synergy with a city's historical heritage, cultural values and ecological dynamics is explained with concrete examples. The findings reveal that sustainable landscape planning not only offers environmental benefits but also contributes to the revitalization of local culture and community pride by strengthening residents' attachment to the city. This also emphasizes the need to develop urban areas sustainably, not only physically but also emotionally and socio-culturally. It is therefore recommended that urban planners, architects and policymakers should adopt sustainable landscape planning approaches to preserve and enhance the distinctive identities of cities.
{"title":"Sustainable Landscape Planning Approach in Urban Identity Protection","authors":"M. Emin Bariş, Sara Zolnoun Kaygusiz","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102223","url":null,"abstract":"Under the influence of rapidly changing global dynamics and urbanization, the unique identities of cities are in danger of being obscured by the monotony of uniform urban landscapes. In this context, emphasizing the critical importance of sustainable landscape planning, this article provides an in-depth perspective on how to preserve and contribute to the unique identities of cities. By considering different urban design approaches and techniques, the paper provides a detailed analysis of how sustainable landscape elements, ranging from natural vegetation conservation to modern stormwater management practices, can be incorporated into the urban landscape in an integrated manner. How these elements can act in synergy with a city's historical heritage, cultural values and ecological dynamics is explained with concrete examples. The findings reveal that sustainable landscape planning not only offers environmental benefits but also contributes to the revitalization of local culture and community pride by strengthening residents' attachment to the city. This also emphasizes the need to develop urban areas sustainably, not only physically but also emotionally and socio-culturally. It is therefore recommended that urban planners, architects and policymakers should adopt sustainable landscape planning approaches to preserve and enhance the distinctive identities of cities.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-14DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102221
Olivier Sounigo, Daniel Koulou Vefonge, Marie-Claire Eyango, Mousseni Ives Bruno Efombagn
The improved vegetal material cultivated by cocoa farmers in Cameroon consists in full-sib progenies issued from pods harvested in bi-clonal seed gardens set up during the 1970s. Interviews of cocoa farmers revealed their general satisfaction with the yield level obtained from these progenies but also their disappointment with the high level of susceptibility to black pod disease, a disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya, which is a serious challenge for cocoa production in this country. In order to select new future varieties that would combine high yield and resistance to black pod disease, new progeny trial plots were set up from 2005, in research stations and on farm.
23 cocoa full-sib progenies were assessed and compared to 3 control progenies. in a trial plot set up in 2005 in a research station located in the south western region of Cameroon. The cocoa trees were assessed during eight consecutive years of cocoa production. A large level of variation was observed among the progenies for mortality rate (ranging between 6 and 52%), annual potential yield (ranging between 151 and 1,808 kg/ha), annual actual yield (ranging between 114 and 1,159 kg/ha) and black pod disease incidence (ranging between 19 and 39,8%) caused by Phytophthora megakarya. Nine of the assessed full-sib progenies were identified as promising and the authors suggest how to confirm their performances before their release to farmers.
{"title":"Evaluation of Cocoa Full-Sib Progenies in Challenging Conditions in Cameroon","authors":"Olivier Sounigo, Daniel Koulou Vefonge, Marie-Claire Eyango, Mousseni Ives Bruno Efombagn","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102221","url":null,"abstract":"The improved vegetal material cultivated by cocoa farmers in Cameroon consists in full-sib progenies issued from pods harvested in bi-clonal seed gardens set up during the 1970s. Interviews of cocoa farmers revealed their general satisfaction with the yield level obtained from these progenies but also their disappointment with the high level of susceptibility to black pod disease, a disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya, which is a serious challenge for cocoa production in this country. In order to select new future varieties that would combine high yield and resistance to black pod disease, new progeny trial plots were set up from 2005, in research stations and on farm.
 23 cocoa full-sib progenies were assessed and compared to 3 control progenies. in a trial plot set up in 2005 in a research station located in the south western region of Cameroon. The cocoa trees were assessed during eight consecutive years of cocoa production. A large level of variation was observed among the progenies for mortality rate (ranging between 6 and 52%), annual potential yield (ranging between 151 and 1,808 kg/ha), annual actual yield (ranging between 114 and 1,159 kg/ha) and black pod disease incidence (ranging between 19 and 39,8%) caused by Phytophthora megakarya. Nine of the assessed full-sib progenies were identified as promising and the authors suggest how to confirm their performances before their release to farmers.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-14DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102220
Olivier Sounigo, Leblanc Feumba de Tchoua, Mousseni Ives Bruno Efombagn, Amougou Fidèle Romuald Nsouga, Raymond Bourgoing, Christian Cilas
The present paper shows the results from eight on farm progeny cocoa trial plots set up in 2007 and 2008 on fallow and savannah, in four sites of Central Cameroon region. Mortality rate and yield were estimated on commercial cocoa varieties, consisting in progenies issued from pods harvested in bi-clonal seed gardens set up by researchers and managed by extension bodies, as well as on farmers’ varieties, issued from seeds obtained by farmers from pods harvested in their own fields. Despite the high variability observed among the trial plots for the three traits under assessment, it was possible to observe significant differences between some of the assessed varieties. The significantly highest yielding progeny is one of the assessed commercial varieties, issued from the cross IMC 67 x SNK 64. The significantly lowest yielding progeny is the farmers’ traditional amelonado variety (German cocoa). No significant difference was observed between “farmers’ hybrids” and the two other assessed commercial varieties, consisting in the progeny issued from the cross between UPA 143 and SNK 64 and from a mixture of six commercial progenies. The consequences of these data on the selection and release of commercial varieties in Cameroon are discussed.
{"title":"Comparison between Farmers’ and Commercial Cocoa Varieties in Cameroon","authors":"Olivier Sounigo, Leblanc Feumba de Tchoua, Mousseni Ives Bruno Efombagn, Amougou Fidèle Romuald Nsouga, Raymond Bourgoing, Christian Cilas","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102220","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper shows the results from eight on farm progeny cocoa trial plots set up in 2007 and 2008 on fallow and savannah, in four sites of Central Cameroon region. Mortality rate and yield were estimated on commercial cocoa varieties, consisting in progenies issued from pods harvested in bi-clonal seed gardens set up by researchers and managed by extension bodies, as well as on farmers’ varieties, issued from seeds obtained by farmers from pods harvested in their own fields. Despite the high variability observed among the trial plots for the three traits under assessment, it was possible to observe significant differences between some of the assessed varieties. The significantly highest yielding progeny is one of the assessed commercial varieties, issued from the cross IMC 67 x SNK 64. The significantly lowest yielding progeny is the farmers’ traditional amelonado variety (German cocoa). No significant difference was observed between “farmers’ hybrids” and the two other assessed commercial varieties, consisting in the progeny issued from the cross between UPA 143 and SNK 64 and from a mixture of six commercial progenies. The consequences of these data on the selection and release of commercial varieties in Cameroon are discussed.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135803864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-14DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102222
P. K. P. Meena, Ruchi Bishnoi
Twenty seven genotypes of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] were evaluated for genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for nine yield and yield attributing characters. The experiment was carried out during Rabi 2022-2023 in Randomized Block Design (RBD) at Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj-Kota, Rajasthan. ANOVA of nine quantitative characters revealed significant differences at 1% level of significance. Mean values of seed yield showed that NPJ 261 had highest seed yield (3,143 kg/ha) followed by RH 2199 and RB-110. Also, they were at par with each other. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was found in number of secondary branches per plant. Phenotypic variance had higher values than genotypic variance indicating the influence of environment. High heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean (GAM) were reported for number of secondary branches per plant, number of siliquae per plant and 1000-seed weight. These characters are highly heritable as they are governed by additive gene action. Selection for these characters will be effective in future breeding programmes. Hence, breeders should emphasize on these characters in Indian mustard genotypes for higher yield or productivity.
{"title":"Estimation of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss]","authors":"P. K. P. Meena, Ruchi Bishnoi","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102222","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty seven genotypes of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] were evaluated for genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for nine yield and yield attributing characters. The experiment was carried out during Rabi 2022-2023 in Randomized Block Design (RBD) at Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj-Kota, Rajasthan. ANOVA of nine quantitative characters revealed significant differences at 1% level of significance. Mean values of seed yield showed that NPJ 261 had highest seed yield (3,143 kg/ha) followed by RH 2199 and RB-110. Also, they were at par with each other. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was found in number of secondary branches per plant. Phenotypic variance had higher values than genotypic variance indicating the influence of environment. High heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean (GAM) were reported for number of secondary branches per plant, number of siliquae per plant and 1000-seed weight. These characters are highly heritable as they are governed by additive gene action. Selection for these characters will be effective in future breeding programmes. Hence, breeders should emphasize on these characters in Indian mustard genotypes for higher yield or productivity.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135803581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study evaluates the Happy Seeder's performance in sowing wheat crops in combined harvested paddy fields in the Moradabad region, aiming to mitigate crop residue burning and promote sustainable agriculture. The rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic region generates significant crop residues after combine harvesting, leading to environmental and health hazards. The Happy Seeder, designed to cut and lift rice straw while sowing wheat, offers a promising solution to manage residues and prevent burning. Various parameters, including forward speed, crop residue condition, and soil bulk density, were investigated as independent variables to assess the Happy Seeder's performance. Results show an actual field capacity of 0.23 to 0.29 ha/, with fuel consumption ranging from 4.12 to 4.40 l/h at different speeds. Field efficiency varied from 43.4% to 65%, with the best performance at 3.5 km/h forward speed. Economically, the Happy Seeder proves to be a cost-effective alternative, saving 613.83 ₹/compared to conventional seed drills. Farmers responded positively to its labor-saving features, timely sowing, and eco-friendly benefits, leading to improved crop growth and higher yields. In conclusion, the Happy Seeder demonstrated efficiency, economic viability, and positive farmer feedback, making it a valuable tool for sustainable agriculture in the Moradabad region and beyond. Its adoption can contribute to residue management, improved soil health, and increased crop productivity, fostering an environmentally conscious rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic region.
{"title":"Relative Comparison in Performance Evaluation of Happy Seeder and Conventional Seed Drill under Rice-Wheat Cropping System","authors":"Ramesh Pal, Ram Kumar, Sachin Chaudhary, None Satyartham, Virendra Singh, Mahindra Pratap Singh","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102219","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluates the Happy Seeder's performance in sowing wheat crops in combined harvested paddy fields in the Moradabad region, aiming to mitigate crop residue burning and promote sustainable agriculture. The rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic region generates significant crop residues after combine harvesting, leading to environmental and health hazards. The Happy Seeder, designed to cut and lift rice straw while sowing wheat, offers a promising solution to manage residues and prevent burning. Various parameters, including forward speed, crop residue condition, and soil bulk density, were investigated as independent variables to assess the Happy Seeder's performance. Results show an actual field capacity of 0.23 to 0.29 ha/, with fuel consumption ranging from 4.12 to 4.40 l/h at different speeds. Field efficiency varied from 43.4% to 65%, with the best performance at 3.5 km/h forward speed. Economically, the Happy Seeder proves to be a cost-effective alternative, saving 613.83 ₹/compared to conventional seed drills. Farmers responded positively to its labor-saving features, timely sowing, and eco-friendly benefits, leading to improved crop growth and higher yields. In conclusion, the Happy Seeder demonstrated efficiency, economic viability, and positive farmer feedback, making it a valuable tool for sustainable agriculture in the Moradabad region and beyond. Its adoption can contribute to residue management, improved soil health, and increased crop productivity, fostering an environmentally conscious rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic region.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135918407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102218
Ram Kumar, Chandrabhan Kumar, Padam Singh, Ramesh Pal, Deepak Kumar Mishra, P. K. Singh, Thi Thi Myint
This research conducted at the College of Agriculture Sciences and Engineering, IFTM University in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, comprehensively examined the influence of various surface irrigation levels, represented by standing water depths plus silicon (Si), on rice crop performance. Among the seven treatments tested, ranging from 1.5 cm to 4.0 cm of standing water under surface irrigation combined with 2 ml/l silicon (Si) spray, T6 emerged as the most successful. In T6, rice plants cultivated with an average standing water depth of 4.0 cm exhibited superior growth, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), net return, and economic viability compared to other treatments, including the control group. This finding underscores the importance of maintaining an optimal water depth of 4.0 cm under surface irrigation, complemented by silicon (Si) spray application at 2 ml/l, for maximizing rice crop productivity, economic returns, and overall agricultural sustainability. The cost benefit-ratio (CBR) further supported the economic feasibility of this approach, highlighting its potential for enhancing both agricultural yield and economic gains for farmers in similar agro-climatic regions. The study demonstrated that maintaining a standing water depth of 4.0 cm, coupled with silicon (Si) spray at a concentration of 2 ml/l, led to superior outcomes in terms of plant growth, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), net return, and overall economic viability at treatment T6, and compared control treatment T7. The outcomes emphasize the importance of this particular water depth and the application of silicon (Si) in enhancing rice crop productivity.
印度北方邦莫拉达巴德IFTM大学农业科学与工程学院进行的这项研究，全面考察了各种地表灌溉水平(以积水深度和硅(Si)为代表)对水稻作物性能的影响。在地表灌溉1.5 cm ~ 4.0 cm静水并喷施2 ml/l硅(Si)的7个处理中，T6是最成功的。在T6，平均静水深度为4.0 cm的水稻植株的生长、产量、水分利用效率(WUE)、净收益和经济活力均优于其他处理，包括对照组。这一发现强调了在地表灌溉下保持4.0厘米的最佳水深的重要性，并辅以2毫升/升的硅(Si)喷施，以最大限度地提高水稻作物的生产力、经济回报和整体农业可持续性。成本效益比(CBR)进一步支持了这种方法的经济可行性，强调了其在提高类似农业气候地区农民的农业产量和经济收益方面的潜力。研究表明，维持4.0 cm的静水深度，并以2 ml/l的浓度喷洒硅(Si)，在处理T6和对照处理T7中，在植物生长、产量、水分利用效率(WUE)、净收益和整体经济可行性方面取得了更好的结果。这些结果强调了这一特定水深和硅(Si)在提高水稻作物生产力中的应用的重要性。
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Rains decrease and irregularity represent a threat to farmers and call for crops of interest’s promotion like Aloe vera, requiring little water. Therefore, lands rarity compels the valorization inter-row crops’ spacing occupying wide spaces. Thus, the research has been led in the Central - West of Côte d'Ivoire in order to evaluate the effect of plantain banana tree (Musa sp) and Aloe vera association on these crops growth and yield. For this, an implement with a complete randomization design including two treatments with eight repetitions was achieved. The processings were consisted in planting either one Aloe vera plant (treatment 1) or two Aloe vera plants (treatment 2) between four plantain tree plants. The interval used for the planting of banana shoots in the 40-cm deep seed holes was 3 m x 2 m. The results showed that treatment 2 has speeded up the appearance of Aloe vera’s leave and encouraged the generation of a high number of leaves (39 leaves) longer (20.06 cm) and wider (2.78 cm) bringing about large fresh and dry biomasses, compared to treatment 1 and the control, with 125.42 g and 64.27 g, respectively. As for plantain banana tree, the intercropping favored a higher leaf emergence rate with a high number of leaves (23 leaves) longer and wider, 113.53 cm and 58.70 cm long, respectively. The intercropping also favored in plantain banana a large number of hands (7) and fingers (32) with a finger length of 35.25 cm weighing on average 0.46 kg and causing a mass of 9.23 kg / bunch. Bananas bunch yield higher in the associated plantain banana trees (15.39 t. ha-1) compared to controls (7.83 t. ha-1).
雨水减少和不规律对农民构成威胁，需要推广像芦荟这样需要很少水的作物。因此，土地的稀缺性促使行间作物间距的扩大。因此，本研究已在Côte科特迪瓦中西部地区开展，以评估芭蕉树(Musa sp)和芦荟对这些作物生长和产量的影响。为此，采用完全随机化设计的工具，包括两种处理，重复8次。处理过程包括在四棵大蕉树之间种植一株芦荟(处理1)或两株芦荟(处理2)。在40厘米深的种子洞中种植香蕉幼苗的间隔为3米× 2米。结果表明，处理2加速了芦荟叶片的形成，促进了叶片数量的增加(39片)，叶片长(20.06 cm)，叶片宽(2.78 cm)，鲜生物量和干生物量较处理1和对照分别为125.42 g和64.27 g。大蕉树的叶片出苗率较高，叶片长、宽23片，分别为113.53 cm和58.70 cm。间作也有利于大蕉手多(7个)、指多(32个)，指长35.25 cm，平均重0.46 kg，每串质量9.23 kg。与对照(7.83 t hm -1)相比，相关大蕉树的香蕉束产量更高(15.39 t hm -1)。
{"title":"Evaluation of Intercropped Aloe vera with Plantain on Growth and Yield Status in a Real Culture Situation in Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"N’goran Koffi Désiré, Tonessia Dolou Charlotte, Soumahin Eric Francis, Zoh Olivia Dominique, Sey Junias, Akaffou Doffou Selastique","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102217","url":null,"abstract":"Rains decrease and irregularity represent a threat to farmers and call for crops of interest’s promotion like Aloe vera, requiring little water. Therefore, lands rarity compels the valorization inter-row crops’ spacing occupying wide spaces. Thus, the research has been led in the Central - West of Côte d'Ivoire in order to evaluate the effect of plantain banana tree (Musa sp) and Aloe vera association on these crops growth and yield. For this, an implement with a complete randomization design including two treatments with eight repetitions was achieved. The processings were consisted in planting either one Aloe vera plant (treatment 1) or two Aloe vera plants (treatment 2) between four plantain tree plants. The interval used for the planting of banana shoots in the 40-cm deep seed holes was 3 m x 2 m. The results showed that treatment 2 has speeded up the appearance of Aloe vera’s leave and encouraged the generation of a high number of leaves (39 leaves) longer (20.06 cm) and wider (2.78 cm) bringing about large fresh and dry biomasses, compared to treatment 1 and the control, with 125.42 g and 64.27 g, respectively. As for plantain banana tree, the intercropping favored a higher leaf emergence rate with a high number of leaves (23 leaves) longer and wider, 113.53 cm and 58.70 cm long, respectively. The intercropping also favored in plantain banana a large number of hands (7) and fingers (32) with a finger length of 35.25 cm weighing on average 0.46 kg and causing a mass of 9.23 kg / bunch. Bananas bunch yield higher in the associated plantain banana trees (15.39 t. ha-1) compared to controls (7.83 t. ha-1).","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"299 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102216
John Constantine, Kallunde P. Sibuga, Angelika Hilbeck, Mawazo J. Shitindi
Aims: Field experiments were conducted for two seasons: 2019/20 and 2020/21 under rain fed cropping seasons to determine yield response of cassava to compost (CP) and farmyard manure (FYM) application.
Study Design: The experiments were laid out in a RCBD with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: Vianzi village in Mvomero district and Mumbaka village in Masasi district between December 2019 to November 2021.
Methodology: At each site, Treatments involving CP and FYM tested separately at four different levels; 2.5 t ha-1, 5 t ha-1, 7.5 t ha-1 and a control (0 t ha-1) was included. Both CP and FYM treatment rates were applied by broadcasting method followed by incorporation into the soil prior to cassava planting. Data on cassava plant height and cassava stem girth were collected for assessment of cassava growth and data on number of tubers per plant, cassava root fresh and dry biomass were recorded for assessment of cassava yield.
Results: At Mvomero site, a maximum significant (P=.01) cassava fresh weight (19.18 t ha-1) were obtained from the plots treated with 5 t ha-1 FYM giving yield advantage of 67.5% above the control in 2020/21. In the CP treated plots, a maximum significant (P =.001) yield (22.2 t ha-1) was obtained giving 69% yield advantage above the control in 2020/21. At Masasi site, a maximum of 24.3 t ha-1 cassava fresh weight were obtained in 2020/21 giving 77.7% yield advantage over the control. In the CP treated plots in 2020/21, 18.7 t ha-1 cassava fresh weight was obtained giving 34.6% yield advantage over control.
Conclusion: Application of CP and FYM not only improve cassava yields as it is for inorganic fertilizers but also, they have an added advantage of improving soil health conditions in season and over years. For best results application of CP or FYM should be 5.0 t ha-1.
目的:通过2019/20和2020/21两个雨养季的田间试验，确定木薯对堆肥(CP)和农家肥(FYM)施用的产量响应。研究设计:实验在RCBD中进行，有三个重复。
学习地点和时间:2019年12月至2021年11月，mvmero地区Vianzi村和Masasi地区mumaka村;方法:在每个试验点，分别对CP和FYM处理进行四个不同水平的测试;包括2.5 t ha-1、5 t ha-1、7.5 t ha-1和对照组(0 t ha-1)。CP和FYM两种处理率均采用撒播法，在木薯种植前灌入土壤。收集木薯株高和茎周长数据，用于评估木薯生长;记录每株块茎数、木薯根鲜、干生物量数据，用于评估木薯产量。
结果:在Mvomero试验点，5 t ha-1 FYM处理的木薯鲜重(19.18 t ha-1)在2020/21年度最高(P= 0.01)，产量比对照高出67.5%。在CP处理的地块，在2020/21年度获得了最大显著(P = 0.001)产量(22.2 t hm -1)，比对照产量高出69%。在Masasi基地，2020/21年度木薯鲜重最高可达24.3 t hm -1，产量比对照高出77.7%。2020/21年度CP处理地块木薯鲜重18.7 t hm -1，产量较对照高出34.6%;结论:施用CP和FYM不仅可以像施用无机肥料一样提高木薯产量，而且具有改善土壤季节性和多年健康状况的附加优势。为获得最佳效果，CP或FYM的应用应为5.0 t ha-1。
{"title":"Influence of Compost and Farmyard Manure on Cassava Growth, Yield and Dry Matter Partitioning at Mvomero and Masasi Districts","authors":"John Constantine, Kallunde P. Sibuga, Angelika Hilbeck, Mawazo J. Shitindi","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102216","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Field experiments were conducted for two seasons: 2019/20 and 2020/21 under rain fed cropping seasons to determine yield response of cassava to compost (CP) and farmyard manure (FYM) application.
 Study Design: The experiments were laid out in a RCBD with three replications.
 Place and Duration of Study: Vianzi village in Mvomero district and Mumbaka village in Masasi district between December 2019 to November 2021.
 Methodology: At each site, Treatments involving CP and FYM tested separately at four different levels; 2.5 t ha-1, 5 t ha-1, 7.5 t ha-1 and a control (0 t ha-1) was included. Both CP and FYM treatment rates were applied by broadcasting method followed by incorporation into the soil prior to cassava planting. Data on cassava plant height and cassava stem girth were collected for assessment of cassava growth and data on number of tubers per plant, cassava root fresh and dry biomass were recorded for assessment of cassava yield.
 Results: At Mvomero site, a maximum significant (P=.01) cassava fresh weight (19.18 t ha-1) were obtained from the plots treated with 5 t ha-1 FYM giving yield advantage of 67.5% above the control in 2020/21. In the CP treated plots, a maximum significant (P =.001) yield (22.2 t ha-1) was obtained giving 69% yield advantage above the control in 2020/21. At Masasi site, a maximum of 24.3 t ha-1 cassava fresh weight were obtained in 2020/21 giving 77.7% yield advantage over the control. In the CP treated plots in 2020/21, 18.7 t ha-1 cassava fresh weight was obtained giving 34.6% yield advantage over control.
 Conclusion: Application of CP and FYM not only improve cassava yields as it is for inorganic fertilizers but also, they have an added advantage of improving soil health conditions in season and over years. For best results application of CP or FYM should be 5.0 t ha-1.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135480847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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