Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52387
Pritam Guchhait, S. Varma, D. Banerjee, Sandeep Kumar, Rajdip Halder, Ankit Dahiya
Plant growth regulators accompanied with appropriate growth medium can boost up the growth and performance of plants to a greater extent. PGRs such as auxin, gibberellin and cytokine play an exaggerative role in growth and development of the citrus. Moreover, the study reflects a clear overview of the impact of PGRs and different growth media to encourage rooting percentage, number of leaves, survival percentage, sprouting time, and root length of citrus cuttings. Citrus is a versatile fruit crop having a huge number of varieties, cultivars, and species; comes in different colours and flavours. Although, there are different methods used in the multiplication of citrus plant which includes budding, grafting, cutting, air layering, etc. However, propagation by cutting technique is the most commercial and farmer’s friendly approach. Different elements such as concentration of PGRs, age of plants and environmental factors are responsible for the successful growth of the citrus cuttings. Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) are the two types of auxin, which are most commonly utilized in citrus propagation. Rooting medium plays a crucial role in the supply the minerals and availability of water in citrus. An absolute rooting medium must have more enough nutrients and water holding capacity with better drainage as well as sufficient air spores for excellent gaseous exchange that fruitfully influence the rooting ability and also have a profound effect on growth and development in citrus cutting. The best time for cutting of citrus stems is in between the July and August.
{"title":"Plant Growth Regulators and Rooting Media: A Viable Approach for Growth and Performance of Citrus","authors":"Pritam Guchhait, S. Varma, D. Banerjee, Sandeep Kumar, Rajdip Halder, Ankit Dahiya","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52387","url":null,"abstract":"Plant growth regulators accompanied with appropriate growth medium can boost up the growth and performance of plants to a greater extent. PGRs such as auxin, gibberellin and cytokine play an exaggerative role in growth and development of the citrus. Moreover, the study reflects a clear overview of the impact of PGRs and different growth media to encourage rooting percentage, number of leaves, survival percentage, sprouting time, and root length of citrus cuttings. Citrus is a versatile fruit crop having a huge number of varieties, cultivars, and species; comes in different colours and flavours. Although, there are different methods used in the multiplication of citrus plant which includes budding, grafting, cutting, air layering, etc. However, propagation by cutting technique is the most commercial and farmer’s friendly approach. Different elements such as concentration of PGRs, age of plants and environmental factors are responsible for the successful growth of the citrus cuttings. Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) are the two types of auxin, which are most commonly utilized in citrus propagation. Rooting medium plays a crucial role in the supply the minerals and availability of water in citrus. An absolute rooting medium must have more enough nutrients and water holding capacity with better drainage as well as sufficient air spores for excellent gaseous exchange that fruitfully influence the rooting ability and also have a profound effect on growth and development in citrus cutting. The best time for cutting of citrus stems is in between the July and August.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"32 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140378402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52386
Shailendra Pratap Singh, C. L. Maurya, Naushad Khan
An experiment was laid out during two consecutive Kharif seasons of 2016-2017 and 2017-18 at Soil Conservation and Water Management Farm, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. The main objective was to find out the yields of main crop of pigeonpea and black gram and their economic in term of net return. The soil analysis indicated the medium nutrients status. The cropping system i.e., pigeonpea sole, black gram sole and pigeonpea + black gram (1+1) additive series were tested. The total productivity of pigeonpea + black gram was maximum (23.53 q/ha) in comparison to pure crop of pigeonpea (17.34 q/ha) and black gram pure (9.44 q/ha). The study of pooled data of economic display that maximum cost of cultivation Rs. 57876/- ha observed under intercropping of pigeonpea + black gram system. The highest gross return Rs. 134024/ha, net return Rs. 76148/ha and BCR 2.32 were also noted under pigeonpea + black gram (1+1) additive series.
{"title":"Feasibility of Parallel Cropping of Black Gram with Pigeon pea in Central Trait of Uttar Pradesh","authors":"Shailendra Pratap Singh, C. L. Maurya, Naushad Khan","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52386","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was laid out during two consecutive Kharif seasons of 2016-2017 and 2017-18 at Soil Conservation and Water Management Farm, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. The main objective was to find out the yields of main crop of pigeonpea and black gram and their economic in term of net return. The soil analysis indicated the medium nutrients status. The cropping system i.e., pigeonpea sole, black gram sole and pigeonpea + black gram (1+1) additive series were tested. The total productivity of pigeonpea + black gram was maximum (23.53 q/ha) in comparison to pure crop of pigeonpea (17.34 q/ha) and black gram pure (9.44 q/ha). The study of pooled data of economic display that maximum cost of cultivation Rs. 57876/- ha observed under intercropping of pigeonpea + black gram system. The highest gross return Rs. 134024/ha, net return Rs. 76148/ha and BCR 2.32 were also noted under pigeonpea + black gram (1+1) additive series.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"109 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140379369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i42336
Gopal Swaroop Pathak, S. Singh, C. P. Singh
The present research work was conducted at Pili kothi farm, Department of Agronomy, Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh during winter season of 2018 and 2019. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design. The treatments comprised of different planting dates viz. 20 days early planting on 17th October, 10 days early planting on 27th October, Optimum planting time on 7th November, 10 days late planting on 17th November and 20 days late planting on 27th November and different mulching practices viz. Organic mulch (Paddy straw at 5 t/ha), Plastic mulch (Black colour) and Control (Without mulch) of potato. There were 15 treatments and each were replicated to four folds. These treatments were randomly arranged in each replication and divided into sixty plots. The results revealed that the significantly maximum number of haulms/hill at 45 DAP (4.50, 4.70 and 4.60), plant height (52.30, 54.00 and 53.10 cm), dry weight/ (27.90, 28.20 and 28.00) plant at 60 DAP, weight of tubers/plant (496.40, 504.10 and 500.30), weight of tubers/plant (>75 g) (207.70, 209.00 and 208.30) and tuber yield (369.30, 370.70 and 370.00 q/ha) were recorded under 20 Days Early Planting On 17th October among different planting dates during first, second year and mean data also. Whereas among the mulching practices significant variation were recorded among the all parameter. However maximum number of haulms/hill (3.60, 3.70 and 3.70) at 45 DAP, plant height (50.20, 52.0 and 51.10 cm), dry weight/plant (25.5, 25.9 and 25.7) at 60 DAP, weight of tubers/plant (454.80, 460.70 and 457.70), weight of tubers/plant (>75 g) (191.90, 193.30 and 192.60) and tuber yield (333.80, 334.90 and 334.30 q/ha) under the organic mulch (paddy straw at 5 t/ha) respectively, during first, second year as well as in mean data also.
{"title":"Influence of Different Planting Dates and Mulches on Growth, Yield and Economics of Potato","authors":"Gopal Swaroop Pathak, S. Singh, C. P. Singh","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i42336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i42336","url":null,"abstract":"The present research work was conducted at Pili kothi farm, Department of Agronomy, Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh during winter season of 2018 and 2019. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design. The treatments comprised of different planting dates viz. 20 days early planting on 17th October, 10 days early planting on 27th October, Optimum planting time on 7th November, 10 days late planting on 17th November and 20 days late planting on 27th November and different mulching practices viz. Organic mulch (Paddy straw at 5 t/ha), Plastic mulch (Black colour) and Control (Without mulch) of potato. There were 15 treatments and each were replicated to four folds. These treatments were randomly arranged in each replication and divided into sixty plots. The results revealed that the significantly maximum number of haulms/hill at 45 DAP (4.50, 4.70 and 4.60), plant height (52.30, 54.00 and 53.10 cm), dry weight/ (27.90, 28.20 and 28.00) plant at 60 DAP, weight of tubers/plant (496.40, 504.10 and 500.30), weight of tubers/plant (>75 g) (207.70, 209.00 and 208.30) and tuber yield (369.30, 370.70 and 370.00 q/ha) were recorded under 20 Days Early Planting On 17th October among different planting dates during first, second year and mean data also. Whereas among the mulching practices significant variation were recorded among the all parameter. However maximum number of haulms/hill (3.60, 3.70 and 3.70) at 45 DAP, plant height (50.20, 52.0 and 51.10 cm), dry weight/plant (25.5, 25.9 and 25.7) at 60 DAP, weight of tubers/plant (454.80, 460.70 and 457.70), weight of tubers/plant (>75 g) (191.90, 193.30 and 192.60) and tuber yield (333.80, 334.90 and 334.30 q/ha) under the organic mulch (paddy straw at 5 t/ha) respectively, during first, second year as well as in mean data also.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"20 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i42335
Kunal Narwal, G. D. Sharma, Naveen Kumar, N. Sankhyan, Sandeep Manuja, Bharat Bhushan Rana, Gaytri Hetta
A field experiment was conducted at CSK Himachal Pradesh, Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Palampur, Department of Organic Agriculture and Natural Farming, College of Agriculture, during 2019-20 to study the effect of conventional, organic and natural farming practices on growth and yield of fodder oat. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications with comprising of 5 farming practices (F0: Absolute control, F1: Organic farming package of practices, F2: Natural farming package of practices (SPNF), F3: 10 t FYM + Natural farming package of practices (SPNF), F4: Recommended fertilizer dose and 3 cropping system (CS1: Oat, CS2: Oat + Fodder Sarson, CS3: Oat + Berseem). The results concluded that, among the farming practices, higher number of shoots per meter square, dry matter accumulation, green fodder yield and dry fodder yield was recorded with recommended dose of fertilizer followed by 10 t FYM + natural farming package of practices (SPNF). In case of cropping systems, significantly higher number of shoots per square meter, dry matter accumulation, green and dry fodder yield was observed with oat + berseem cropping system as compared to oat alone.
{"title":"Assessing the Productivity of Forage Based Cropping System under Different Farming Practices in the Western Himalayan Region","authors":"Kunal Narwal, G. D. Sharma, Naveen Kumar, N. Sankhyan, Sandeep Manuja, Bharat Bhushan Rana, Gaytri Hetta","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i42335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i42335","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at CSK Himachal Pradesh, Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Palampur, Department of Organic Agriculture and Natural Farming, College of Agriculture, during 2019-20 to study the effect of conventional, organic and natural farming practices on growth and yield of fodder oat. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications with comprising of 5 farming practices (F0: Absolute control, F1: Organic farming package of practices, F2: Natural farming package of practices (SPNF), F3: 10 t FYM + Natural farming package of practices (SPNF), F4: Recommended fertilizer dose and 3 cropping system (CS1: Oat, CS2: Oat + Fodder Sarson, CS3: Oat + Berseem). The results concluded that, among the farming practices, higher number of shoots per meter square, dry matter accumulation, green fodder yield and dry fodder yield was recorded with recommended dose of fertilizer followed by 10 t FYM + natural farming package of practices (SPNF). In case of cropping systems, significantly higher number of shoots per square meter, dry matter accumulation, green and dry fodder yield was observed with oat + berseem cropping system as compared to oat alone.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i42334
Mitali Srivastava, Manojkumar HG, Atar Singh
The current study titled “Analysis of genetic diversity in green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]” was carried out at Center for Crop Research (C.R.C.), Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut. A set of twenty five mungbean genotypes were examined to investigate the essence and extend of divergence of genes using Mahalanobis’s D2 Statistics on twelve critical quantitative attributes. The study material was assessed using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replication plots of two rows of 4 meter length. Out of every replication, five plants were selected at random, marked, and observations were recorded for twelve quantitative attributes. Analysis of variance showed that there was significant variation among all characters examined. The twenty-five genotypes of mungbean have been split into seven distinct clusters. With seven genotypes apiece, Cluster I and Cluster IV were determined to be the largest. The intra cluster distance was maximum for Cluster IV. The maximum inter cluster distance between cluster V and cluster II suggests that the genotypes in these clusters doesn't correlate with one another and the minimal inter-cluster distance between cluster V and cluster IV demonstrates a high degree of connection between the genotypes in these clusters. Based on high inter cluster distances, hybridization programme could be taken up between the varieties of cluster II (Pusa Vaishali, IPM-02-19, IPM 02-19, OMG-1045, VBG-04-008) and cluster V (Pusa-0871, Pusa-0891, SMM-15-72, PDM-262).Hence, these nine genotypes are recognized as promising progenitors and can be employed in further breeding programme. Plant height, number of branches/plants, number of pods/plant, number of pods/clusters, pod length, biological yield, harvest index and seed yield per plant are vital for genetic diversity and were recognized as significant contributors to genetic divergence.
本研究的题目是 "绿禾秆[Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]的遗传多样性分析"，由位于 Meerut 的 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel 农业与技术大学作物研究中心（C.R.C.）进行。研究人员对一组 25 种绿豆基因型进行了研究，利用 Mahalanobis's D2 统计法对 12 个关键数量属性的基因分歧的本质和范围进行了调查。研究材料采用随机区组设计（RBD）进行评估，每两行 4 米长有三个重复小区。在每个重复中随机选取五株，标记并记录十二个数量属性的观察结果。方差分析结果表明，所有检测特征之间都存在显著差异。绿豆的二十五个基因型被分成七个不同的群组。簇 I 和簇 IV 各有七个基因型，被确定为最大的簇。第 IV 组的组内距离最大。聚类 V 和聚类 II 之间的聚类间距最大，表明这些聚类中的基因型互不相关，而聚类 V 和聚类 IV 之间的聚类间距最小，表明这些聚类中的基因型之间存在高度关联。因此，这 9 个基因型被认为是有前途的祖先，可用于进一步的育种计划。株高、分枝数/株、荚果数/株、荚果数/簇、荚果长度、生物产量、收获指数和单株种子产量对遗传多样性至关重要，被认为是造成遗传差异的重要因素。
{"title":"Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)","authors":"Mitali Srivastava, Manojkumar HG, Atar Singh","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i42334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i42334","url":null,"abstract":"The current study titled “Analysis of genetic diversity in green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]” was carried out at Center for Crop Research (C.R.C.), Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut. A set of twenty five mungbean genotypes were examined to investigate the essence and extend of divergence of genes using Mahalanobis’s D2 Statistics on twelve critical quantitative attributes. The study material was assessed using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replication plots of two rows of 4 meter length. Out of every replication, five plants were selected at random, marked, and observations were recorded for twelve quantitative attributes. Analysis of variance showed that there was significant variation among all characters examined. The twenty-five genotypes of mungbean have been split into seven distinct clusters. With seven genotypes apiece, Cluster I and Cluster IV were determined to be the largest. The intra cluster distance was maximum for Cluster IV. The maximum inter cluster distance between cluster V and cluster II suggests that the genotypes in these clusters doesn't correlate with one another and the minimal inter-cluster distance between cluster V and cluster IV demonstrates a high degree of connection between the genotypes in these clusters. Based on high inter cluster distances, hybridization programme could be taken up between the varieties of cluster II (Pusa Vaishali, IPM-02-19, IPM 02-19, OMG-1045, VBG-04-008) and cluster V (Pusa-0871, Pusa-0891, SMM-15-72, PDM-262).Hence, these nine genotypes are recognized as promising progenitors and can be employed in further breeding programme. Plant height, number of branches/plants, number of pods/plant, number of pods/clusters, pod length, biological yield, harvest index and seed yield per plant are vital for genetic diversity and were recognized as significant contributors to genetic divergence.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"57 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i32362
V. S. Gaur, U. Bisen, N. K. Bisen, R. Solanki
Frontline demonstrations were conducted with recommended scientific package and practices at farmer’s fields in the Chhattisgarh plain agro-climatic zone of Balaghat district, Madhya Pradesh to evaluate the performance of two rice varieties viz., JR-81 and JRB-1under irrigated conditions during Kharif 2019. The data on yield and economics of demonstrated under FLD, when compared with farmer’s practices on popular rice variety MTU-1010 revealed that both the rice varieties performed superior to MTU-1010. JR-81 and JRB-1with improved production technologies showed increased mean grain yield by 17.17% over existing farmers practice with Rs. 2450 ha-1 extra expenditure on inputs. The mean extension gap (7.80 q ha-1) and mean IBCR (4.78) recorded were sufficiently high, which may motivate the farmers to adopt JR-81 and JRB-1 varieties with the improved rice production technology.
{"title":"Evaluation of Rice Varieties under Front Line Demonstrations in the Agro-climatic Zone of the Chhattisgarh Plains of Madhya Pradesh, under Irrigated Condition","authors":"V. S. Gaur, U. Bisen, N. K. Bisen, R. Solanki","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i32362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i32362","url":null,"abstract":"Frontline demonstrations were conducted with recommended scientific package and practices at farmer’s fields in the Chhattisgarh plain agro-climatic zone of Balaghat district, Madhya Pradesh to evaluate the performance of two rice varieties viz., JR-81 and JRB-1under irrigated conditions during Kharif 2019. The data on yield and economics of demonstrated under FLD, when compared with farmer’s practices on popular rice variety MTU-1010 revealed that both the rice varieties performed superior to MTU-1010. JR-81 and JRB-1with improved production technologies showed increased mean grain yield by 17.17% over existing farmers practice with Rs. 2450 ha-1 extra expenditure on inputs. The mean extension gap (7.80 q ha-1) and mean IBCR (4.78) recorded were sufficiently high, which may motivate the farmers to adopt JR-81 and JRB-1 varieties with the improved rice production technology.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"66 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140424361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i32333
G. P. Kumar, N. Sunil, J. C. Sekhar, D. S. Chary
Aim: The aim of the present research work was to estimate the genetic variability, broad sense heritability and genetic advance for various yield and its contributing characters of 39 maize genotypes. Methodology: 39 maize genotypes were sown in randomized block design and replicated thrice to evaluate various genetic parameters. The data was recorded on twelve quantitative traits including days to fifty percent tasseling, days to fifty percent silking, days to maturity, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of kernel rows/ear, number of kernels/row, 100kernels weight, shelling % and grain yield/plant. Results: The mean sum of squares due to genotypes for each of the 12 traits under study indicated significant differences in analysis of variance. High to moderate genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation as well as genetic advance were observed in the traits yield per plant, plant height, ear height, number of kernels per row, and 100-kernel weight. These findings suggest that the heritability of these traits is most likely the result of additive gene effects and that selection in early generations may be effective for these traits. On the other hand, the remaining characters days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, number of kernel rows per ear, and shelling percentage were recorded with high heritability with low genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation and genetic advance suggesting non-additive gene action for control of these traits which provides limited scope for improvement by selection. Conclusion: Among the characters studied, grain yield, plant height, and ear height had high heritability and high values of genetic advance indicating that these characters were controlled by additive gene action and so phenotypic selection is effective for improvement of these traits.
{"title":"Assessment of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Maize Genotypes (Zea mays L.)","authors":"G. P. Kumar, N. Sunil, J. C. Sekhar, D. S. Chary","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i32333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i32333","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the present research work was to estimate the genetic variability, broad sense heritability and genetic advance for various yield and its contributing characters of 39 maize genotypes. \u0000Methodology: 39 maize genotypes were sown in randomized block design and replicated thrice to evaluate various genetic parameters. The data was recorded on twelve quantitative traits including days to fifty percent tasseling, days to fifty percent silking, days to maturity, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of kernel rows/ear, number of kernels/row, 100kernels weight, shelling % and grain yield/plant. \u0000Results: The mean sum of squares due to genotypes for each of the 12 traits under study indicated significant differences in analysis of variance. High to moderate genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation as well as genetic advance were observed in the traits yield per plant, plant height, ear height, number of kernels per row, and 100-kernel weight. These findings suggest that the heritability of these traits is most likely the result of additive gene effects and that selection in early generations may be effective for these traits. On the other hand, the remaining characters days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, number of kernel rows per ear, and shelling percentage were recorded with high heritability with low genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation and genetic advance suggesting non-additive gene action for control of these traits which provides limited scope for improvement by selection. \u0000Conclusion: Among the characters studied, grain yield, plant height, and ear height had high heritability and high values of genetic advance indicating that these characters were controlled by additive gene action and so phenotypic selection is effective for improvement of these traits.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"146 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140428791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-24DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i32331
R. J. Chandra, P. Masilamani, B. Suthakar, P. Rajkumar, S. D. Sivakumar, V. Manonmani
The moisture content during harvesting significantly influences post-harvest losses, encompassing factors that collectively diminish both the quantity and quality of agricultural produce. These factors involve pre-harvest sprouting, mechanical damages and susceptibility to diseases at post-harvest. To mitigate the risks associated with excessive moisture, farmers have to employ proper harvesting techniques such as using a combine harvester. The combine harvester proves invaluable by efficient harvesting, threshing and winnowing various crops like rice, corn, wheat, sunflower and pulses directly in the field. This streamlined process not only saves time and reduces the need for human labour but also lowers overall work costs for farmers. Additionally, the utilization of these machines enhances agricultural productivity, ensuring a more efficient harvesting process and contributing to greater profitability in farming practices. Consequently, effective moisture content management becomes essential for minimizing losses and preserving seed quality. A multipurpose nature of a combine harvester minimizes the need for manual labour in harvesting, leading to a reduction in workforce requirements, time expenditure and effort. Consequently, this enhances overall productivity. The objective of the present review is to describe the effect of moisture content on crop, machine and operational parameters on seed quality of combine harvested crops and discussed the effect of moisture content on mechanical damage of combine harvested seed crop and its germination potential and seedling vigour.
{"title":"Effect of Moisture Content on Combine Harvested Seed Crop and its Quality","authors":"R. J. Chandra, P. Masilamani, B. Suthakar, P. Rajkumar, S. D. Sivakumar, V. Manonmani","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i32331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i32331","url":null,"abstract":"The moisture content during harvesting significantly influences post-harvest losses, encompassing factors that collectively diminish both the quantity and quality of agricultural produce. These factors involve pre-harvest sprouting, mechanical damages and susceptibility to diseases at post-harvest. To mitigate the risks associated with excessive moisture, farmers have to employ proper harvesting techniques such as using a combine harvester. The combine harvester proves invaluable by efficient harvesting, threshing and winnowing various crops like rice, corn, wheat, sunflower and pulses directly in the field. This streamlined process not only saves time and reduces the need for human labour but also lowers overall work costs for farmers. Additionally, the utilization of these machines enhances agricultural productivity, ensuring a more efficient harvesting process and contributing to greater profitability in farming practices. Consequently, effective moisture content management becomes essential for minimizing losses and preserving seed quality. A multipurpose nature of a combine harvester minimizes the need for manual labour in harvesting, leading to a reduction in workforce requirements, time expenditure and effort. Consequently, this enhances overall productivity. The objective of the present review is to describe the effect of moisture content on crop, machine and operational parameters on seed quality of combine harvested crops and discussed the effect of moisture content on mechanical damage of combine harvested seed crop and its germination potential and seedling vigour.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140435075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-24DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i32332
Amar Khemshetty, D. H. Patil, P. Rathod, A. S. P. Patil, K. Basavaraj
A field experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Kalaburagi, during rabi season of 2022-23 to study the growth and yield of chickpea as influenced by fertilizers and foliar application of nano DAP. The experiment included four levels of RDF in main plots viz., 0% RDF (M1), 50% RDF (M2), 75% RDF (M3) and 100% RDF (M3) and three levels of nano DAP sprays in subplots viz., 2 ml litre-1 of water (S1), 4 ml litre-1 of water (S2), and Seed treatment with Nano DAP @ 5ml kg-1 seeds (S3) laid out in split plot design. The results revealed that among all the treatment combinations,100% RDF + nano DAP @ 4 ml litre-1 of water recorded significantly higher growth, parameters viz., plant height (37.56 cm), number of primary branches plant-1 (6.86), leaf area plant-1 (2.58 dm2 plant-1), LAI (0.86) and total dry matter accumulation in plant (20.24 g plant-1) at harvest.; yield parameters viz., number of pods plant-1 (23.52), seed weight per plant (9.16 g), 100 seed weight (22.30 g), haulm yield (3550kg ha-1), seed yield (1868 kg ha-1), quality parameters viz., protein content (19.31%) and protein yield (361.15 kg ha-1). This treatment was however found on par with 75 per cent RDF + foliar spray of nano DAP @ 4 ml litre-1 of water which recorded on par growth parameters viz., plant height (36.56 cm), number of primary branches plant-1 (6.59), leaf area plant-1 (2.51 dm2 plant-1), LAI (0.84), chlorophyll content (57.47) and total dry matter accumulation by plant (19.80 g plant-1) at harvest.; yield parameters viz., number of pods plant-1 (23.25), seed weight per plant (9.04 g), 100 seed weight (21.16 g), haulm yield (3504kg ha-1), seed yield (1796 kg ha-1), protein content (19.04%) and protein yield (342.52 kg ha-1).
{"title":"Studies on Nano DAP on Growth, Yield and Quality of Chickpeas under Rainfed Conditions of Northeastern Dry Zone of Karnataka","authors":"Amar Khemshetty, D. H. Patil, P. Rathod, A. S. P. Patil, K. Basavaraj","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i32332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i32332","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Kalaburagi, during rabi season of 2022-23 to study the growth and yield of chickpea as influenced by fertilizers and foliar application of nano DAP. The experiment included four levels of RDF in main plots viz., 0% RDF (M1), 50% RDF (M2), 75% RDF (M3) and 100% RDF (M3) and three levels of nano DAP sprays in subplots viz., 2 ml litre-1 of water (S1), 4 ml litre-1 of water (S2), and Seed treatment with Nano DAP @ 5ml kg-1 seeds (S3) laid out in split plot design. The results revealed that among all the treatment combinations,100% RDF + nano DAP @ 4 ml litre-1 of water recorded significantly higher growth, parameters viz., plant height (37.56 cm), number of primary branches plant-1 (6.86), leaf area plant-1 (2.58 dm2 plant-1), LAI (0.86) and total dry matter accumulation in plant (20.24 g plant-1) at harvest.; yield parameters viz., number of pods plant-1 (23.52), seed weight per plant (9.16 g), 100 seed weight (22.30 g), haulm yield (3550kg ha-1), seed yield (1868 kg ha-1), quality parameters viz., protein content (19.31%) and protein yield (361.15 kg ha-1). This treatment was however found on par with 75 per cent RDF + foliar spray of nano DAP @ 4 ml litre-1 of water which recorded on par growth parameters viz., plant height (36.56 cm), number of primary branches plant-1 (6.59), leaf area plant-1 (2.51 dm2 plant-1), LAI (0.84), chlorophyll content (57.47) and total dry matter accumulation by plant (19.80 g plant-1) at harvest.; yield parameters viz., number of pods plant-1 (23.25), seed weight per plant (9.04 g), 100 seed weight (21.16 g), haulm yield (3504kg ha-1), seed yield (1796 kg ha-1), protein content (19.04%) and protein yield (342.52 kg ha-1).","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140434387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i32330
S. Barman, Pallabi Das, Pallavi Deka, Ajanta Borah, A. Deka, Dipen Ch Nath, R. N. Borkakati, Manoranjan Neog
Horticulture based farming could be one of the potential sources to increase the income of farmers and employment generation in agrarian agriculture, as well as meeting the demand for healthy foods with changing consumption habit of the growing population. Therefore, during 2020-21, present study was conducted in Nagaon district of Assam with a sample size of 100 farmers using multistage random sampling where pretested schedule was used by PRA and interview method to examine the status, income, employment, and problems associated with horticulture-based farming system. Arecanut and coconut are found to be the common crops grown by all the selected farmers and the highest net return of Rs.298480 per ha from Vegetables+ Livestock component+ Spices +Coconut/Arecanut farming system out of the 6 selected farming systems. The labour employment was highest in Rice +Vegetables +Toria +Fishery+ Coconut/Arecanut farming system. In order to prioritize the problem, Pareto analysis is done and it has been found that animal menace and pest and disease are the major production problems causing (› 80 %) out of total 10 production problems. Marketing problems like processing, assembling and storage facility are major problems causing (› 80 % problems) among the sample farmers. To deal with the problems these farmers should be given proper training on management of animal and pest menace, proper storage facilities and post-harvest management. This may be the best strategy to address the yield loss occurs due to spoilage.
{"title":"Exploring Microeconomic Dynamics and Challenges in Vegetable-Based Farming System","authors":"S. Barman, Pallabi Das, Pallavi Deka, Ajanta Borah, A. Deka, Dipen Ch Nath, R. N. Borkakati, Manoranjan Neog","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i32330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i32330","url":null,"abstract":"Horticulture based farming could be one of the potential sources to increase the income of farmers and employment generation in agrarian agriculture, as well as meeting the demand for healthy foods with changing consumption habit of the growing population. Therefore, during 2020-21, present study was conducted in Nagaon district of Assam with a sample size of 100 farmers using multistage random sampling where pretested schedule was used by PRA and interview method to examine the status, income, employment, and problems associated with horticulture-based farming system. Arecanut and coconut are found to be the common crops grown by all the selected farmers and the highest net return of Rs.298480 per ha from Vegetables+ Livestock component+ Spices +Coconut/Arecanut farming system out of the 6 selected farming systems. The labour employment was highest in Rice +Vegetables +Toria +Fishery+ Coconut/Arecanut farming system. In order to prioritize the problem, Pareto analysis is done and it has been found that animal menace and pest and disease are the major production problems causing (› 80 %) out of total 10 production problems. Marketing problems like processing, assembling and storage facility are major problems causing (› 80 % problems) among the sample farmers. To deal with the problems these farmers should be given proper training on management of animal and pest menace, proper storage facilities and post-harvest management. This may be the best strategy to address the yield loss occurs due to spoilage.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140435290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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