Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72578
Bharathi Y, Akil Kumar D, Padmasree A, Pradeep T, P. M, S. P, Razia Sultana, Jaganmohan Rao P, Ramesh M
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important pulse crop grown globally for its nutritional richness and versatility which offers a significant source for both carbohydrates and protein. Chickpea seeds face a significant threat from various insect pests among these pulse beetles or bruchids (Callosobruchus spp.) stand out as the most destructive, inflicting damage ranging from 50% to 60% during storage. Bruchids are considered minor pests in the field, but they pose a serious threat during storage, leading to both quantitative and qualitative losses. The present investigation was carried out with the objective of studying the influence of ambient and cold storage conditions on storability and to assess the pest infestation (pulse beetle) under ambient and cold storage conditions in two chickpea varieties viz., JG-11 (desi) and NBeG-119 (kabuli). The seed was thoroughly sun dried to two moisture levels of seven and nine percent and stored in gunny and grain pro bags (hermetic bags). Gunny bags were kept at ambient storage as well as in the cold storage, while grain pro bags were stored at ambient storage conditions only as these are the hermetic bags and the dry chain technology concept holds good for storage at ambient conditions only. Highest % seed damage (12.11 % in JG-11 and 13.00 % in NBeG-119) was noticed in seeds stored with nine per cent moisture content while, the lowest % seed damage (9.50 % in JG-11 and 9.83 % in NBeG 119) was recorded in seeds with seven per cent moisture content. After 8 months of storage highest per cent fecundity (151.66 and 144.66 in JG-11 and 145.00 and 138.50 in NBeG-119) was recorded in seeds stored in gunny bags kept at ambient storage with nine and seven per cent moisture respectively, followed by the seed stored in grain pro bags at ambient storage with nine percent seed moisture (9.667 in JG-11 and 7.833 in NBeG-119) and no fecundity was recorded in seeds stored in gunny bag at cold storage. At the end of storage period highest adult emergence was recorded in seeds stored in gunny bag at ambient storage with nine (196.83 in JG-11 and 217.17 in NBeG-119) and seven (187.83 in JG-11 and 207.83 in NBeG-119) per cent seed moisture followed by the seed stored in grain pro bags at ambient storage with nine percent seed moisture (11.67 in JG-11 and 13.00 in NBeG-119) and no adult emergence was recorded in seeds stored in gunny bag at cold storage (0.00 in JG-11 and 0.00 in NBeG-119 ) with seven and nine percent moisture at the end of the storage. Highest weight loss % (2.019% in JG-11 and 1.866% in NBeG-119) was recorded in seeds stored with nine per cent moisture content. While, the lowest weight loss % (1.679% in JG-11 and 1.772% in NBeG-119) was noticed in seeds stored with seven per cent moisture at the end of storage period.
{"title":"Effects of Packaging Material and Moisture Contents on Pulse Beetle Infestation under Different Storage Conditions in Chickpea","authors":"Bharathi Y, Akil Kumar D, Padmasree A, Pradeep T, P. M, S. P, Razia Sultana, Jaganmohan Rao P, Ramesh M","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72578","url":null,"abstract":"Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important pulse crop grown globally for its nutritional richness and versatility which offers a significant source for both carbohydrates and protein. Chickpea seeds face a significant threat from various insect pests among these pulse beetles or bruchids (Callosobruchus spp.) stand out as the most destructive, inflicting damage ranging from 50% to 60% during storage. Bruchids are considered minor pests in the field, but they pose a serious threat during storage, leading to both quantitative and qualitative losses. \u0000The present investigation was carried out with the objective of studying the influence of ambient and cold storage conditions on storability and to assess the pest infestation (pulse beetle) under ambient and cold storage conditions in two chickpea varieties viz., JG-11 (desi) and NBeG-119 (kabuli). The seed was thoroughly sun dried to two moisture levels of seven and nine percent and stored in gunny and grain pro bags (hermetic bags). Gunny bags were kept at ambient storage as well as in the cold storage, while grain pro bags were stored at ambient storage conditions only as these are the hermetic bags and the dry chain technology concept holds good for storage at ambient conditions only. \u0000Highest % seed damage (12.11 % in JG-11 and 13.00 % in NBeG-119) was noticed in seeds stored with nine per cent moisture content while, the lowest % seed damage (9.50 % in JG-11 and 9.83 % in NBeG 119) was recorded in seeds with seven per cent moisture content. After 8 months of storage highest per cent fecundity (151.66 and 144.66 in JG-11 and 145.00 and 138.50 in NBeG-119) was recorded in seeds stored in gunny bags kept at ambient storage with nine and seven per cent moisture respectively, followed by the seed stored in grain pro bags at ambient storage with nine percent seed moisture (9.667 in JG-11 and 7.833 in NBeG-119) and no fecundity was recorded in seeds stored in gunny bag at cold storage. At the end of storage period highest adult emergence was recorded in seeds stored in gunny bag at ambient storage with nine (196.83 in JG-11 and 217.17 in NBeG-119) and seven (187.83 in JG-11 and 207.83 in NBeG-119) per cent seed moisture followed by the seed stored in grain pro bags at ambient storage with nine percent seed moisture (11.67 in JG-11 and 13.00 in NBeG-119) and no adult emergence was recorded in seeds stored in gunny bag at cold storage (0.00 in JG-11 and 0.00 in NBeG-119 ) with seven and nine percent moisture at the end of the storage. Highest weight loss % (2.019% in JG-11 and 1.866% in NBeG-119) was recorded in seeds stored with nine per cent moisture content. While, the lowest weight loss % (1.679% in JG-11 and 1.772% in NBeG-119) was noticed in seeds stored with seven per cent moisture at the end of storage period.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"18 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141356509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72579
N. V. Sawant, S. D. Ramteke, A. Mirza, H. D. Kokare
Grapes are one of the most delicious fruit and have been farmed from thousands of years, growing from wild vine. Plant hormone is used for increase size and yield. This study goes into the significance influence of Gibberalic Acid (GA3) on grape farming, showing the ways in which this plant hormone has transformed the agricultural industry. Gibberellic acid is a hormone that is found naturally in plants and is essential for controlling several physiological functions. Many studies have been conducted on its use in grape cultivation. The main factor is growth and development of grape is vine. In grapes GA3 affects everything from flowering to fruit ripening. Enhancing yield is one of the main ways that GA3 helps with grapes production. GA3 encourage the growth of cluster by inducing cell elongation and division, which leads to increasing yield. In addition to satisfying consumers demand, the rise in grape yield helps for grape grower’s bottom line. Roles of application of GA3 on grape vine are different depends on their stages of flowering and fruit setting. It is also gave positive effect on rachis elongation which helps to get Healthy and export quality production. Overall, this review concluded that the Gibberellic Acid (GA3) is an important component linked with improving quality, size of berry, higher production.
{"title":"Uses of Gibberellic Acid for Increasing Grape Production","authors":"N. V. Sawant, S. D. Ramteke, A. Mirza, H. D. Kokare","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72579","url":null,"abstract":"Grapes are one of the most delicious fruit and have been farmed from thousands of years, growing from wild vine. Plant hormone is used for increase size and yield. This study goes into the significance influence of Gibberalic Acid (GA3) on grape farming, showing the ways in which this plant hormone has transformed the agricultural industry. Gibberellic acid is a hormone that is found naturally in plants and is essential for controlling several physiological functions. Many studies have been conducted on its use in grape cultivation. The main factor is growth and development of grape is vine. In grapes GA3 affects everything from flowering to fruit ripening. Enhancing yield is one of the main ways that GA3 helps with grapes production. GA3 encourage the growth of cluster by inducing cell elongation and division, which leads to increasing yield. In addition to satisfying consumers demand, the rise in grape yield helps for grape grower’s bottom line. Roles of application of GA3 on grape vine are different depends on their stages of flowering and fruit setting. It is also gave positive effect on rachis elongation which helps to get Healthy and export quality production. Overall, this review concluded that the Gibberellic Acid (GA3) is an important component linked with improving quality, size of berry, higher production.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"76 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141357955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The availability of freshwater for irrigation is dwindling, prompting the need for innovative solutions to tackle this critical issue. This research delves into comparing sewage water with fresh water, recognizing the immense volume of wastewater generated daily due to rapid population growth and industrial expansion. The current state of sewage water in India presents a formidable challenge, highlighting the imperative for proactive management strategies moving forward. The study explores methods to harness sewage water for agricultural use, aiming to enhance productivity while acknowledging the global significance of wastewater management. Sewage water composition varies depending on local industrial activities, often containing higher levels of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic carbon, micronutrients, and soil microbial content compared to regular water sources. Utilizing sewage water for irrigation can positively impact soil chemistry and fertility, although it may increase electrical conductivity, albeit usually within acceptable limits to mitigate soil salinity risks. However, sewage water typically contains elevated concentrations of heavy metals such as Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, and Nickel, posing potential hazards to soil and plant health if surpassing safety thresholds. Continuous use of sewage water may exacerbate the accumulation of these hazardous metals, posing risks to both soil quality and human health. Nonetheless, during periods of water scarcity crucial for crop growth, sewage water emerges as a vital resource, potentially saving agricultural productivity. In this context, sewage farming emerges as a promising approach to alleviate the demand for freshwater while addressing wastewater challenges. Embracing sewage water for irrigation holds the promise of significant advancements in curbing wastewater proliferation, underscoring its role as a sustainable solution for agricultural water requirements.
{"title":"Sewage Water Use in Crop Production and Its Effect on Physico-Chemical and Biological Properties of Soil: A Review","authors":"Sushil, Kiran Khokhar, K.K Bhardwaj, Vikas, Rohtash, Roohi, Vishal Goel","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72575","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of freshwater for irrigation is dwindling, prompting the need for innovative solutions to tackle this critical issue. This research delves into comparing sewage water with fresh water, recognizing the immense volume of wastewater generated daily due to rapid population growth and industrial expansion. The current state of sewage water in India presents a formidable challenge, highlighting the imperative for proactive management strategies moving forward. The study explores methods to harness sewage water for agricultural use, aiming to enhance productivity while acknowledging the global significance of wastewater management. Sewage water composition varies depending on local industrial activities, often containing higher levels of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic carbon, micronutrients, and soil microbial content compared to regular water sources. Utilizing sewage water for irrigation can positively impact soil chemistry and fertility, although it may increase electrical conductivity, albeit usually within acceptable limits to mitigate soil salinity risks. However, sewage water typically contains elevated concentrations of heavy metals such as Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, and Nickel, posing potential hazards to soil and plant health if surpassing safety thresholds. Continuous use of sewage water may exacerbate the accumulation of these hazardous metals, posing risks to both soil quality and human health. Nonetheless, during periods of water scarcity crucial for crop growth, sewage water emerges as a vital resource, potentially saving agricultural productivity. In this context, sewage farming emerges as a promising approach to alleviate the demand for freshwater while addressing wastewater challenges. Embracing sewage water for irrigation holds the promise of significant advancements in curbing wastewater proliferation, underscoring its role as a sustainable solution for agricultural water requirements.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72572
Pankaj Kumar Maurya, Vijay Bahadur, P. Shukla, Samir E. Topno
Micronutrients are essential for the enzymatic activity of plants, which affects fruit quality and growth. The study was conducted in the Rabi season of 2021 at SHUATS, Prayagraj. The purpose of the study was to investigate how the French bean variety "Arka Komal" was affected by mixed nano micronutrients in terms of growth and quality. The experiment was set up using a FRBD one factor being application of mixed nano micronutrients and other being application of nano fertilizers. The mixed nano micronutrients given were M0-control; M1- 0.2ml/ L of nano mix micronutrient/L of water as foliar application; M2- 0.4ml/L of nano mix micronutrient/ L of water as foliar application; M3 -0.6ml/ L of nano mix micronutrient/L of water as foliar application. The nano-fertilizers treatment given were F0– Control (without fertilizer); F1- 100% RDF as traditional fertilizer; F2-5ml/ L each of Nano NPK/ L of water as foliar application; F3- 4ml/L each of Nano NPK/ L of water as foliar application; F4- 3ml/L each of Nano NPK/ L of water as foliar application. 50% traditional fertilizers were applied in all treatments excluding control. From above experimental findings it was concluded that treatment M3 performed best for growth parameters like plant height; leaf area studied in French bean. M3 performed best for quality parameters like TSS, ascorbic acid content.
{"title":"Response of Mixed Nano Micronutrients on Growth and Quality of French Bean","authors":"Pankaj Kumar Maurya, Vijay Bahadur, P. Shukla, Samir E. Topno","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72572","url":null,"abstract":"Micronutrients are essential for the enzymatic activity of plants, which affects fruit quality and growth. The study was conducted in the Rabi season of 2021 at SHUATS, Prayagraj. The purpose of the study was to investigate how the French bean variety \"Arka Komal\" was affected by mixed nano micronutrients in terms of growth and quality. The experiment was set up using a FRBD one factor being application of mixed nano micronutrients and other being application of nano fertilizers. The mixed nano micronutrients given were M0-control; M1- 0.2ml/ L of nano mix micronutrient/L of water as foliar application; M2- 0.4ml/L of nano mix micronutrient/ L of water as foliar application; M3 -0.6ml/ L of nano mix micronutrient/L of water as foliar application. The nano-fertilizers treatment given were F0– Control (without fertilizer); F1- 100% RDF as traditional fertilizer; F2-5ml/ L each of Nano NPK/ L of water as foliar application; F3- 4ml/L each of Nano NPK/ L of water as foliar application; F4- 3ml/L each of Nano NPK/ L of water as foliar application. 50% traditional fertilizers were applied in all treatments excluding control. From above experimental findings it was concluded that treatment M3 performed best for growth parameters like plant height; leaf area studied in French bean. M3 performed best for quality parameters like TSS, ascorbic acid content.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":" 1273","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72574
Kumar Jai Anand, S. K. Singh, S. Nagre, Teena Patel, P. Moitra
An experiment was conducted to identify the diverse morphological breeding lines. A total of Fifty-two germplasm lines were characterized morphologically as per DUS guidelines, and Shannon’s diversity indices (mean value=0.612) were estimated using Microsoft Excel. The results revealed that maximum variability and diversity were present in foliage color, pod intensity of green color, seed cotyledon color and plant height. Minimum variability was reported for stem anthocyanin colouration, seed testa mottling, leaf axial color and flower standard petal color. The traits of foliage waxy bloom and stipule type were present in all the genotypes. Stem anthocyanin coloration, seed testa mottling, flower standard petal color, and leaf axial color were unique traits and were reported in only a few of the genotypes. It may be concluded that these traits would be considered diverse morphological traits during the selection of lines in segregating generations for the development of pea lines /Variety.
为确定形态多样的育种品系进行了一项实验。根据 DUS 准则，共对 52 个种质系进行了形态鉴定，并使用 Microsoft Excel 估算了香农多样性指数（平均值=0.612）。结果表明，叶色、豆荚绿色强度、种子子叶颜色和株高的变异性和多样性最大。茎花青素颜色、种子种皮斑纹、叶轴颜色和花标准花瓣颜色的变异性最小。所有基因型都有叶片蜡质花和托叶类型的特征。茎花青素着色、种子种皮斑驳、花标准花瓣颜色和叶轴颜色是独特的性状，仅在少数基因型中出现。由此可以得出结论，在为培育豌豆品系/品种而进行分离世代的品系选择过程中，这些性状将被视为多样化的形态性状。
{"title":"Morphological Characterization and Diversity Analysis in Pea Germplasm","authors":"Kumar Jai Anand, S. K. Singh, S. Nagre, Teena Patel, P. Moitra","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72574","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to identify the diverse morphological breeding lines. A total of Fifty-two germplasm lines were characterized morphologically as per DUS guidelines, and Shannon’s diversity indices (mean value=0.612) were estimated using Microsoft Excel. The results revealed that maximum variability and diversity were present in foliage color, pod intensity of green color, seed cotyledon color and plant height. Minimum variability was reported for stem anthocyanin colouration, seed testa mottling, leaf axial color and flower standard petal color. The traits of foliage waxy bloom and stipule type were present in all the genotypes. Stem anthocyanin coloration, seed testa mottling, flower standard petal color, and leaf axial color were unique traits and were reported in only a few of the genotypes. It may be concluded that these traits would be considered diverse morphological traits during the selection of lines in segregating generations for the development of pea lines /Variety.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141366437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-08DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72568
Lalita Kumar Mohanty, Ashutosh Singh, Amit Kumar Pandey, R.K.M. Harish Kumar, G. Ramesh, G. N. Swamy, Shivam Kumar Pandey, Bal veer Singh
Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative tool in various sectors, including agriculture. The application of nanotechnology in agriculture has the potential to revolutionize crop production, enhance food security, and promote sustainable farming practices. This paper explores the potential of harnessing nanotechnology for eco-friendly crop enhancement and sustainable agriculture. It discusses the various applications of nanotechnology in agriculture, including nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, nanosensors, and nanodelivery systems. The paper highlights the benefits of using nanotechnology in agriculture, such as increased crop yield, reduced environmental impact, and improved nutrient use efficiency. It also addresses the challenges and risks associated with the use of nanotechnology in agriculture, including potential toxicity, bioaccumulation, and the need for regulatory frameworks. The paper emphasizes the importance of responsible and sustainable use of nanotechnology in agriculture to ensure its long-term benefits while minimizing potential risks. It presents case studies and research findings that demonstrate the successful application of nanotechnology in enhancing crop growth, combating pests and diseases, and improving soil health.
{"title":"Harnessing Nanotechnology for Eco-Friendly Crop Enhancement and Sustainable Agriculture","authors":"Lalita Kumar Mohanty, Ashutosh Singh, Amit Kumar Pandey, R.K.M. Harish Kumar, G. Ramesh, G. N. Swamy, Shivam Kumar Pandey, Bal veer Singh","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72568","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative tool in various sectors, including agriculture. The application of nanotechnology in agriculture has the potential to revolutionize crop production, enhance food security, and promote sustainable farming practices. This paper explores the potential of harnessing nanotechnology for eco-friendly crop enhancement and sustainable agriculture. It discusses the various applications of nanotechnology in agriculture, including nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, nanosensors, and nanodelivery systems. The paper highlights the benefits of using nanotechnology in agriculture, such as increased crop yield, reduced environmental impact, and improved nutrient use efficiency. It also addresses the challenges and risks associated with the use of nanotechnology in agriculture, including potential toxicity, bioaccumulation, and the need for regulatory frameworks. The paper emphasizes the importance of responsible and sustainable use of nanotechnology in agriculture to ensure its long-term benefits while minimizing potential risks. It presents case studies and research findings that demonstrate the successful application of nanotechnology in enhancing crop growth, combating pests and diseases, and improving soil health.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-08DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72570
Y. Angel, Janvi Jacqueline, D.S. Devaprabha, U. J. Pratiksha, R.C Ramasamy
Rose is an elegant and beautiful flower which holds significant value in the global market due to its high market value and export potential, so this study focuses on the annual growth rate and instability of cut rose from 2013 to 2023. This study was carried out based on secondary data collected from APEDA and India stat.There has been a consistent increase in the annual growth rate of both the cut rose area and production and no peculiar instability observed.The recognition of cut rose’s potential across multiple industries, profitable returns, advancements in technology, improved transportation facilities, and the introduction of new varieties through genetic engineering have substantially contributed to the rise in area, production and export value.Moreover, there is relatively less focus on export of cut rose. This study helps to understand the annual growth rate pattern of cut roses during the decade and also suggest ways to increase the area, production and export value of cut roses.
{"title":"Growth Performance and Instability in Area and Production of Cut Rose: A Survey","authors":"Y. Angel, Janvi Jacqueline, D.S. Devaprabha, U. J. Pratiksha, R.C Ramasamy","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72570","url":null,"abstract":"Rose is an elegant and beautiful flower which holds significant value in the global market due to its high market value and export potential, so this study focuses on the annual growth rate and instability of cut rose from 2013 to 2023. This study was carried out based on secondary data collected from APEDA and India stat.There has been a consistent increase in the annual growth rate of both the cut rose area and production and no peculiar instability observed.The recognition of cut rose’s potential across multiple industries, profitable returns, advancements in technology, improved transportation facilities, and the introduction of new varieties through genetic engineering have substantially contributed to the rise in area, production and export value.Moreover, there is relatively less focus on export of cut rose. This study helps to understand the annual growth rate pattern of cut roses during the decade and also suggest ways to increase the area, production and export value of cut roses.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141369389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-08DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72569
Munjam Arun Kumar, Dey G, Roy Diptesh, M. Chanakya, Saha Debraj
The present study attempted to find contribution of horticultural crops in generating income of the agricultural households. The crops grown by the agricultural households were categorized into two: horticultural crops and non-horticultural crops. Size class wise per hectare cost, per hectare gross returns and net return were estimated for each individual crops as well as for these two categories of crops as a whole. Average net return per agricultural household (farm) earned from horticultural and non-horticultural crops were worked out to determine agricultural income of the households. The concept of Cost C was used in working out per hectare cost of cultivation of various crops under two categories. Tabular method of analysis was extensively used in the study. The data set in the source pertained to 2010-11 agricultural year and were collected from the cultivators belonging to Cooch Behar-II block of Cooch Behar district in West Bengal. The results indicated that the highest percentage of land was allocated to potato accounting for 28.16 per cent of gross cropped area (GCA) in the category of horticultural crops. Land allocated to the category of horticultural crops accounted for 31.16 per cent of the GCA. Among non-horticultural crops the highest percentage of land was allocated to aman paddy accounting for 34.62 per cent of GCA. Other important crops were jute, boro paddy, wheat, mustard covering 24.56 per cent, 5.68 per cent, 2.45 per cent, 2.05 per cent respectively. Land allocated to non-horticultural crops accounted for 68.84 per cent of the GCA. The results also revealed the highest cost in banana cultivation recording Rs. 127584 per hectare. The other crops in descending order of cost/hectare in the category of horticultural crops were potato, pointed gourd, garlic, etc. Per hectare cost were estimated to the extent of Rs. 81780, Rs. 80800, Rs. 68109 respectively. Among non-horticultural crops the highest cost per hectare was recorded for boro paddy and it was Rs. 52950 per hectare. Cost of jute, wheat, aman paddy, mustard and lentil per hectare was estimated as Rs.39466, Rs.34151, Rs.33356, Rs.25513 and Rs.23564 respectively. There was a wide difference between cost/hectare of horticultural and non-horticultural crops as a whole. Cost/hectare was Rs.79881 for the former and Rs.36628 for the later. Among the horticultural crops the highest net return to the extent of Rs.177653 per hectare was earned from banana. The other important crops in this category were garlic, ridge gourd, bitter gourd, watermelon, etc. fetching net return (NR) per hectare to the extent of Rs.163984, Rs.66100, Rs.58400 and Rs.53127 etc. An amount of NR to the extent of Rs.34180/hectare was collectively earned from horticultural crops. Among the non-horticultural crops the highest net return to the extent of Rs.22321/hectare was earned from lentil. Per hectare net returns to the extent of Rs.5903, Rs.4899, Rs.4127, Rs.2403 and Rs.1614 were fetched from mustard,
{"title":"Contribution of Horticultural Crops in Generating Household Agricultural Income in Cooch Behar District of West Bengal","authors":"Munjam Arun Kumar, Dey G, Roy Diptesh, M. Chanakya, Saha Debraj","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72569","url":null,"abstract":"The present study attempted to find contribution of horticultural crops in generating income of the agricultural households. The crops grown by the agricultural households were categorized into two: horticultural crops and non-horticultural crops. Size class wise per hectare cost, per hectare gross returns and net return were estimated for each individual crops as well as for these two categories of crops as a whole. Average net return per agricultural household (farm) earned from horticultural and non-horticultural crops were worked out to determine agricultural income of the households. The concept of Cost C was used in working out per hectare cost of cultivation of various crops under two categories. Tabular method of analysis was extensively used in the study. The data set in the source pertained to 2010-11 agricultural year and were collected from the cultivators belonging to Cooch Behar-II block of Cooch Behar district in West Bengal. The results indicated that the highest percentage of land was allocated to potato accounting for 28.16 per cent of gross cropped area (GCA) in the category of horticultural crops. Land allocated to the category of horticultural crops accounted for 31.16 per cent of the GCA. Among non-horticultural crops the highest percentage of land was allocated to aman paddy accounting for 34.62 per cent of GCA. Other important crops were jute, boro paddy, wheat, mustard covering 24.56 per cent, 5.68 per cent, 2.45 per cent, 2.05 per cent respectively. Land allocated to non-horticultural crops accounted for 68.84 per cent of the GCA. The results also revealed the highest cost in banana cultivation recording Rs. 127584 per hectare. The other crops in descending order of cost/hectare in the category of horticultural crops were potato, pointed gourd, garlic, etc. Per hectare cost were estimated to the extent of Rs. 81780, Rs. 80800, Rs. 68109 respectively. Among non-horticultural crops the highest cost per hectare was recorded for boro paddy and it was Rs. 52950 per hectare. Cost of jute, wheat, aman paddy, mustard and lentil per hectare was estimated as Rs.39466, Rs.34151, Rs.33356, Rs.25513 and Rs.23564 respectively. There was a wide difference between cost/hectare of horticultural and non-horticultural crops as a whole. Cost/hectare was Rs.79881 for the former and Rs.36628 for the later. Among the horticultural crops the highest net return to the extent of Rs.177653 per hectare was earned from banana. The other important crops in this category were garlic, ridge gourd, bitter gourd, watermelon, etc. fetching net return (NR) per hectare to the extent of Rs.163984, Rs.66100, Rs.58400 and Rs.53127 etc. An amount of NR to the extent of Rs.34180/hectare was collectively earned from horticultural crops. Among the non-horticultural crops the highest net return to the extent of Rs.22321/hectare was earned from lentil. Per hectare net returns to the extent of Rs.5903, Rs.4899, Rs.4127, Rs.2403 and Rs.1614 were fetched from mustard, ","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141368969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72565
Jag Mohan, Vikas Tomar, Sahil, Sahil Mittan, Prince
A sufficient and well-balanced supply of plant nutrients is essential for increasing wheat crop output. The high cost of chemical fertilisers has prevented Indian farmers, who are primarily marginal and small-scale farmers, from providing these energy-dense crops with the recommended doses of nutrients. Instead, locally available organic sources of nutrients have been shown to increase crop productivity and decrease the need for chemical fertilisers. Under integrated nutrition management, the nutrients (N, P, K, and Zn) can be supplied via fertilisers, organic manures, bio-fertilizers, bio-stimulants, and their combined applications. Varietal adaptation at various locations and sowing dates is determined by the differences in phenology, growth habits, and requirements for temperature and photoperiod units among wheat varieties. In order to determine the growth patterns, physiological features, and yield attributes that will favourably influence the grain yield and biomass in wheat under normal and late seeded settings, a comparative evaluation of varieties appropriate for early, normal, and late sown conditions is necessary. The reaction of wheat cultivars to integrated nutrition management techniques in wheat crops grown under typical and late planting circumstances is reviewed in this review.
{"title":"Impact of Bio-stimulants and Integrated Nutrient Management Sustainable Wheat Production: An Overview","authors":"Jag Mohan, Vikas Tomar, Sahil, Sahil Mittan, Prince","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72565","url":null,"abstract":"A sufficient and well-balanced supply of plant nutrients is essential for increasing wheat crop output. The high cost of chemical fertilisers has prevented Indian farmers, who are primarily marginal and small-scale farmers, from providing these energy-dense crops with the recommended doses of nutrients. Instead, locally available organic sources of nutrients have been shown to increase crop productivity and decrease the need for chemical fertilisers. Under integrated nutrition management, the nutrients (N, P, K, and Zn) can be supplied via fertilisers, organic manures, bio-fertilizers, bio-stimulants, and their combined applications. \u0000Varietal adaptation at various locations and sowing dates is determined by the differences in phenology, growth habits, and requirements for temperature and photoperiod units among wheat varieties. In order to determine the growth patterns, physiological features, and yield attributes that will favourably influence the grain yield and biomass in wheat under normal and late seeded settings, a comparative evaluation of varieties appropriate for early, normal, and late sown conditions is necessary. The reaction of wheat cultivars to integrated nutrition management techniques in wheat crops grown under typical and late planting circumstances is reviewed in this review.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72566
Rishabh Patidar, A. Tayde, Abhay Tak
The present investigation was conducted during rabi season of 2023-2024 at Central Research field, SHUATS, Naini, Prayagraj using Randomized Block Design (RBD) method in three replications and 8 treatments. The treatments used were Indoxacarb 14.5 %SC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, Emamectin benzoate 5% SG, Spinosad, Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP, NSKE 5% and Fipronil 5% SC, and untreated control. Each Insecticide was sprayed twice at 15 days interval. The pest count per 5 plant was taken 1 day before spray and 3rd, 7th and 14th days after spray. The lowest larval population was recorded in the plot treated with Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC 2.67 and 1.86 after 1st and 2nd spray followed by Spinosad 2.90 and 2.21, Indoxacarb 14.5 %SC 2.97 and 2.41, Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 3.20 and 2.66, Fipronil 5% SC 3.60 and 2.90, Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP 3.68 and 3.17, NSKE 5% 3.97 and 3.45 was found to be least effective than all other treatments. Among the treatment studied the best and most economical treatment was Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC with highest yield and cost benefit ratio of (232 q/h) and (1:8.52) followed by Spinosad 45 % SC %SC ( 228 q/h), (1:7.83), Indoxacarb 14.5 %SC ( 205 q/h) and (1:7.71), Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (195 q/h), (1:7.30), Fipronil 5% SC ( 187 q/h) , (1:7.08), Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP (180 q/h), (1:6.75), NSKE 5% (150 q/h ),(1:5.57) as compared to control (100 q/h) and (1:3.97).
{"title":"Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Tomato Fruit Borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in Tomato","authors":"Rishabh Patidar, A. Tayde, Abhay Tak","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72566","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was conducted during rabi season of 2023-2024 at Central Research field, SHUATS, Naini, Prayagraj using Randomized Block Design (RBD) method in three replications and 8 treatments. The treatments used were Indoxacarb 14.5 %SC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, Emamectin benzoate 5% SG, Spinosad, Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP, NSKE 5% and Fipronil 5% SC, and untreated control. Each Insecticide was sprayed twice at 15 days interval. The pest count per 5 plant was taken 1 day before spray and 3rd, 7th and 14th days after spray. The lowest larval population was recorded in the plot treated with Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC 2.67 and 1.86 after 1st and 2nd spray followed by Spinosad 2.90 and 2.21, Indoxacarb 14.5 %SC 2.97 and 2.41, Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 3.20 and 2.66, Fipronil 5% SC 3.60 and 2.90, Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP 3.68 and 3.17, NSKE 5% 3.97 and 3.45 was found to be least effective than all other treatments. Among the treatment studied the best and most economical treatment was Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC with highest yield and cost benefit ratio of (232 q/h) and (1:8.52) followed by Spinosad 45 % SC %SC ( 228 q/h), (1:7.83), Indoxacarb 14.5 %SC ( 205 q/h) and (1:7.71), Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (195 q/h), (1:7.30), Fipronil 5% SC ( 187 q/h) , (1:7.08), Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP (180 q/h), (1:6.75), NSKE 5% (150 q/h ),(1:5.57) as compared to control (100 q/h) and (1:3.97).","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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