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Time as a Resource for Constructing Long-term Visions among Two Generations of Feminist Activism in Peru and Ecuador 时间是秘鲁和厄瓜多尔两代女权运动者构建长期愿景的资源
IF 2.4 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1177/07311214241275040
Anna-Britt Coe
Time is a central dimension to the study of long-term visions and political generations in social movements. Yet, missing from both concepts is theorizing of activist groups’ own agency in using time as a resource. I address this problem through two main contributions. First, drawing on the findings of a Grounded Theory study among two generations of feminist activism in Ecuador and Peru, I show how these constructed long-term visions through four stages: interrupting the course of gender hierarchies, getting policy change put into practice, making feminist practices accessible, and repoliticizing feminist activism. Second, I employ David Maines and colleagues’ retrieval of G.H. Mead’s theory of time to analyze how the two generations used time as a source of power differently in each stage, producing a shift regarding which generation was the driving force of the construction of long-term visions across the stages.
时间是研究社会运动中长期愿景和政治世代的核心维度。然而,这两个概念中都缺少对活动团体将时间作为一种资源的自身能动性的理论分析。我通过两个主要贡献来解决这个问题。首先,借鉴对厄瓜多尔和秘鲁两代女权运动者的基础理论研究结果,我展示了这两代女权运动者是如何通过四个阶段构建长期愿景的:打断性别等级制度的进程、将政策变革付诸实践、使女权实践易于获取,以及将女权运动再政治化。其次,我运用戴维-梅因斯(David Maines)及其同事对 G.H. 米德(G.H. Mead)时间理论的检索,分析了两代人在每个阶段如何以不同的方式将时间作为权力的源泉,从而改变了哪一代人是在各个阶段构建长期愿景的推动力。
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引用次数: 0
“What Else Explains This Trauma but Porn?” Women Partners of Porn Addicts as Claims-Makers "除了色情,还有什么能解释这种创伤?作为索赔者的色情成瘾者的女性伴侣
IF 2.4 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/07311214241264835
Stephanie M. Ortiz
Heterosexual women partners of “porn addicts” are an understudied group of claims-makers in the construction of this social problem. To examine their diagnostic frames, this paper analyzes 33 surveys and 35 interviews with women recruited from a social support site. While respondents describe their negative relationship dynamics as a gendered collective trauma, the majority attribute blame exclusively to pornography as an addictive medium. Explanations of relationship dissatisfaction which invoke patriarchal control are read as feminist and inappropriate on the site, as trolls could have the site taken down for “man-hating.” In the absence of these alternate explanations, the saturation of stories of women’s reported suffering becomes linked to porn alone. This paper contributes to scholars’ understanding of how the censoring of feminist perspectives online shapes how diagnostic frames are circulated and repressed, with consequences for how groups can make meaning of gender and sexuality.
色情成瘾者 "的异性恋女性伴侣是在这一社会问题的建构过程中一个未被充分研究的群体。为了研究她们的诊断框架,本文分析了从一个社会支持网站招募的 33 份调查问卷和 35 份女性访谈。虽然受访者将其负面的人际关系动态描述为一种性别的集体创伤,但大多数人将责任完全归咎于作为成瘾媒介的色情制品。在网站上,援引父权控制来解释人际关系中的不满情绪被解读为女权主义,是不恰当的,因为巨魔可能会以 "仇视男人 "为由关闭网站。在缺乏这些替代解释的情况下,女性所报道的痛苦故事的饱和度就只与色情有关了。本文有助于学者们理解,对女权主义观点的网络审查如何影响了诊断框架的传播和压制,并对群体如何理解性别和性的意义产生了影响。
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引用次数: 0
The Structure of Social Capital and Cultural Participation: A Cross-sectional Study 社会资本结构与文化参与:横断面研究
IF 2.4 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1177/07311214241247794
Michał Cebula
This article examines the relationship between cultural participation patterns and access to social resources, proxied by the position generator tool. In addition, it asks to what extent social networks are class-homogeneous (closed) depending on the configuration of cultural practices. The survey results show that participation in highbrow culture is a more relevant predictor of access to higher prestige contacts than participation in popular culture. Both styles are related with the general volume of contacts and the heterogeneity of social resources. Moreover, the analysis indicates that the structure of social capital (i.e., the proportion of contacts with upper-, middle-, and lower-class members) is connected with pursuing different cultural profiles. The effect of network homogeneity is stronger for highbrow style than for any other style. The results are interpreted in terms of social closure and the role that culture plays in monopolizing access to social resources and maintaining social boundaries.
本文研究了文化参与模式与获取社会资源(以位置生成工具为代表)之间的关系。此外,文章还询问了社会网络在多大程度上具有阶级同质性(封闭性),这取决于文化实践的配置。调查结果显示,与参与流行文化相比,参与高雅文化更能预测是否能接触到更高声望的人。这两种风格都与接触的总体数量和社会资源的异质性有关。此外,分析表明,社会资本的结构(即与上层、中层和下层成员接触的比例)与追求不同的文化特征有关。网络同质性对高雅风格的影响比对其他风格的影响更大。这些结果可以从社会封闭性以及文化在垄断社会资源和维持社会界限方面所起的作用来解释。
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引用次数: 0
Hidden to Whom? Aspects of Visibility among People Who Died While Affected by Homelessness and Implications for Outreach 被谁隐藏?因无家可归而死亡者的可见度及其对外联工作的影响
IF 2.4 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1177/07311214241247795
Richard Neil Greene
Service providers and researchers often describe people affected by homelessness as hidden. This study aims to study social relationships and implications for outreach services through a qualitative content analysis of reports written by field investigators for the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator that involve people affected by homelessness who died between 2014 and 2019 across the state ( N = 512). Findings describe variation in what is newly conceptualized as the aspects of the visibility framework, which organizes people as most engaged and surveilled, most visible and exposed, or most hidden. Recommendations include facilitating greater engagement with hotel/motel management and staff about harm reduction and engaging more with local business communities and first responders (including the criminal-legal system). This research also conceptualizes subsistence ties, acquaintances that both provide longer-term support and further hide people who are precariously housed. Future research and policy recommendations are described.
服务提供者和研究人员经常将受无家可归者影响的人描述为隐藏的人。本研究旨在通过对新墨西哥州医学调查员办公室的实地调查人员撰写的报告进行定性内容分析,研究社会关系及其对外联服务的影响,这些报告涉及 2014 年至 2019 年期间全州死亡的受无家可归影响者(N = 512)。研究结果描述了新概念化的可见性框架各方面的差异,该框架将人们组织为参与度最高、受调查最多、最明显、最暴露或最隐蔽的群体。建议包括促进酒店/旅馆管理层和员工更多地参与减低伤害的活动,并更多地与当地商业社区和急救人员(包括刑事法律系统)接触。这项研究还将生计关系概念化,即既能提供长期支持,又能进一步隐藏岌岌可危者的熟人关系。本文还介绍了未来的研究和政策建议。
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引用次数: 0
“He Was Able to Rely on Me”: Negotiating the Sibling Intragenerational Bargain among Latino First-generation College Student Families "他能够依靠我":拉丁裔第一代大学生家庭中的兄弟姐妹代际交易谈判
IF 2.4 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1177/07311214241242073
Estéfani Marín
Though some frameworks suggest that siblings deplete family resources, alternative conceptualizations suggest that siblings, particularly in working-class and minoritized families, are pivotal sources of educational support that may replenish familial capital. Drawing on 41 in-depth interviews with Latino first-generation college students, this study addresses how siblings negotiate educational support. This study builds and extends prior literature on familial capital by proposing that college attendance generates additional resources that (re)shape family obligations and expectations, a process I refer to as the sibling intragenerational bargain. In negotiating the sibling intragenerational bargain, Latino students seek to (1) contribute to the family’s intragenerational mobility by providing educational support and/or (2) repay sibling sacrifices and help with their academic success. Furthermore, birth order and sibling educational attainment shape how students negotiate the sibling intragenerational bargain. This study shows how Latino first-generation siblings (older and younger) are agentic producers of familial capital.
虽然有些框架认为兄弟姐妹会耗尽家庭资源,但另一些概念则认为兄弟姐妹,尤其是工人阶级和少数民族家庭的兄弟姐妹,是教育支持的重要来源,可以补充家庭资本。本研究通过对 41 名拉丁裔第一代大学生的深入访谈,探讨了兄弟姐妹是如何协商教育支持的。本研究建立并扩展了之前关于家庭资本的文献,提出上大学会产生额外的资源,从而(重新)塑造家庭义务和期望,我将这一过程称为兄弟姐妹代内谈判。在兄弟姐妹代内交易的谈判中,拉丁裔学生寻求(1)通过提供教育支持和/或(2)回报兄弟姐妹的牺牲并帮助他们取得学业成功,从而为家庭的代内流动性做出贡献。此外,出生顺序和兄弟姐妹的教育程度决定了学生如何协商兄弟姐妹的代内交易。本研究展示了拉美裔第一代兄弟姐妹(哥哥和弟弟)如何成为家庭资本的代理人。
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引用次数: 0
Who’s Eating Rice? Gay Vietnamese American Men’s Experiences With (Sexual) Racism 谁在吃米饭?美国越南裔男同性恋的(性)种族主义经历
IF 2.4 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/07311214241242074
Thuận Phước Nguyễn, C. Winter Han
Recent studies on the experiences of gay Asian men demonstrate that members of these groups experience both subtle and blatant forms of racism within lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) communities. This study expands on previous research by examining how gay Vietnamese American men experience racism within the gay community of Southern California, how racism affects members of this group mentally and emotionally, and their responses when facing racism. Based on 17 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with self-identified gay Vietnamese American men living in Southern California, this study found that they experienced racism similarly to other gay Asian men. Race and racism shape the everyday experiences of gay Vietnamese American men through the racial paradox of gay desire as they are either deemed undesirable and rejected as a potential sexual and romantic interest, or they are racially fetishized. However, members of this group do not experience racism passively but actively respond through various acts of resistance and intra-racial and ethnic community-building.
最近关于亚裔男同性恋经历的研究表明,这些群体的成员在女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、跨性别者和同性恋者/质疑者(LGBTQ)社区中经历了微妙和明目张胆的种族主义。本研究在以往研究的基础上,进一步探讨了越南裔美国男性同性恋者在南加州同性恋群体中如何经历种族主义,种族主义对该群体成员的精神和情感有何影响,以及他们在面对种族主义时的反应。根据对居住在南加州的自我认同的越南裔美国男同性恋者进行的 17 次半结构式深入访谈,本研究发现,他们与其他亚裔男同性恋者一样经历着种族主义。种族和种族主义通过同性恋欲望的种族悖论塑造了美国越南裔男同性恋者的日常经历,因为他们要么被认为是不受欢迎的,被拒绝作为潜在的性和浪漫兴趣,要么被种族迷信化。然而,这一群体的成员并不是被动地经历种族主义,而是通过各种反抗行为以及种族和民族内部的社区建设来积极应对。
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引用次数: 0
Bathing the Dead, the Dirty Work: Stigmatization of Gassals in Modern Türkiye 给死者洗澡,肮脏的工作:现代土耳其对加萨人的污名化
IF 2.4 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1177/07311214241242069
Adem Sagir
The present study examines the transformation of the profession of Gassals, dead body bathers in Islamic culture, from a prestigious role to a stigmatized job in modern Türkiye. Through a qualitative research design, this study employs a combination of participant observation and in-depth interviews with Gassals in Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. In the study conducted with the purposeful convenience sampling technique, in-depth interviews were conducted with 19 participants (3 male,16 female). Ultimately, the study raises three major modernity-related claims: Modernity marginalizes death and excludes it from daily life, primarily functions to secularize the public sphere and excludes religious issues, and presents the dead body as dirty, as it sees the body as a biological mechanism, as a product of standardization and institutionalization. Their job involves physical contamination due to direct contact with deceased bodies, and this solid physical taint overshadows the overall dignity of the profession. The three main findings of the study are important. First, community members perceive it as a “reminder of death.” The second is the modern human tendency to avoid death in the domains of everyday life, primarily through institutions such as hospitals. Lastly, the stigma toward gassals may be explained by them losing their status in the modern era under the influence of institutionalization despite enjoying a prestigious status in the past.
本研究探讨了 Gassals(伊斯兰文化中的尸体沐浴者)这一职业在现代土耳其从一个有声望的角色转变为一个受人鄙视的工作的过程。通过定性研究设计,本研究采用了参与观察和深入访谈相结合的方法,采访了伊斯坦布尔大都会的嘎萨尔人。在采用有目的的便利抽样技术进行的研究中,对 19 名参与者(3 名男性,16 名女性)进行了深入访谈。最终,研究提出了三大与现代性相关的主张:现代性将死亡边缘化,将其排除在日常生活之外;主要功能是将公共领域世俗化,将宗教问题排除在外;将尸体视为肮脏的,因为它将尸体视为一种生物机制,是标准化和制度化的产物。他们的工作因直接接触逝者的尸体而受到身体污染,这种固体的身体污点为这一职业的整体尊严蒙上了阴影。这项研究的三个主要发现非常重要。首先,社区成员认为这是 "死亡的提醒"。其次,现代人倾向于在日常生活中避免死亡,主要是通过医院等机构。最后,对殡葬业者的成见可能是因为他们在过去享有盛誉,但在现代却在机构化的影响下失去了地位。
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引用次数: 0
Staying in Bad Jobs: An “Institutional Peg” as Poland’s Adaptation to Precarious Markets 留在糟糕的工作岗位上:波兰适应不稳定市场的 "制度性挂钩
IF 2.4 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1177/07311214241242063
Anna Gromada
Why and how do workers stay in bad jobs? Based on 972 questionnaires and longitudinal data from 45 interviews, the article finds substantial support for the labor of love and the psychic income theories and no support for the miscalculated risk and commitment device theories. It documents personal strategies (overworking and childlessness) and institution-related strategies (diploma-hoarding and institutional pegs—a term introduced in this article). The article argues that the existing dichotomy of market-driven art and the state-subsidy-driven art could be enriched by the third model epitomized by Poland—a country with neither the art market comparable to that of the United States or the United Kingdom nor a state spending on art comparable to that of France or the Netherlands—where free higher education is used as a fallback option in the context of scarce resources.
工人为什么以及如何留在糟糕的工作岗位上?根据 972 份调查问卷和 45 次访谈的纵向数据,文章发现 "爱的劳动 "和 "精神收入 "理论得到了大量支持,而 "风险计算错误 "和 "承诺装置 "理论则没有得到支持。文章记录了个人策略(过度工作和无子女)和与机构相关的策略(囤积文凭和机构挂钩--本文引入的术语)。文章认为,现有的市场驱动艺术和国家补贴驱动艺术的二分法可以通过波兰的第三种模式得到丰富--波兰的艺术市场既无法与美国或英国相比,国家在艺术方面的支出也无法与法国或荷兰相比--在资源稀缺的情况下,波兰将免费高等教育作为一种后备选择。
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引用次数: 0
Cohort Differences in Occupational Retention among Computer Science Degree Holders: Reassessing the Role of Family 计算机科学学位持有者职业保留的队列差异:重新评估家庭的作用
3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.1177/07311214231195024
Sharon L. Sassler, Kristin E. Smith, Katherine Michelmore
Although women’s representation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) employment has increased significantly over the past few decades, their presence remains low in fields like computer science. Using the National Science Foundation’s Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT), this paper assesses the factors shaping employment in STEM and non-STEM occupations among men and women with bachelor’s degrees in computer science. Our results reveal that women with degrees in computer science are far less likely than their male counterparts to be employed in STEM occupations, particularly in computer science jobs. But family factors do not have the expected association with employment in computer science jobs. Men who are parents and childless women are more likely to work in non-STEM jobs versus computer science jobs, relative to childless men. Furthermore, the gender gap in employment in computer science jobs is larger among those graduating in the new millennium, suggesting that other factors are at play.
尽管在过去的几十年里,女性在科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)领域的就业人数显著增加,但她们在计算机科学等领域的比例仍然很低。利用美国国家科学基金会的科学家和工程师统计数据系统(SESTAT),本文评估了影响计算机科学学士学位的男性和女性在STEM和非STEM职业中就业的因素。我们的研究结果显示,拥有计算机科学学位的女性从事STEM职业的可能性远远低于男性,尤其是在计算机科学领域。但家庭因素与计算机科学工作的就业并没有预期的联系。与没有孩子的男性相比,有父母的男性和没有孩子的女性更有可能从事非stem工作,而不是计算机科学工作。此外,在新千年毕业的计算机科学工作中,性别差距更大,这表明还有其他因素在起作用。
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引用次数: 0
A Dystopian Post-Civil Rights Era: Black Lives Matter and the Rhetoric of Change 2023 PSA Presidential Address 反乌托邦的后民权时代:黑人的命也重要和变革的修辞2023年PSA总统演讲
3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1177/07311214231200945
Shirley A. Jackson
Universities and colleges, K-12 schools, corporations, professional associations, and other social institutions advocate for change at the same time they are taking steps to prevent it from actually occurring. The result is an endless cycle of words of support followed by inaction, obfuscation, and outright lies. It is no wonder that burnout and frustration face those who would like to do some good but are experiencing gaslighting by those determined to set society back to what it has always been—one that excludes those who deign to speak truth to power. This presidential address sheds personal and professional insight into the difficulties that I have faced at my institution and within the Pacific Sociological Association as a Black woman. Having been witness and victim of those who are incapable or unwilling to see the inconsistency in what they are like and what they would actually like to be has shown me how difficult changing the status quo can be. Individual and institutional claims to “do better” in the future ignore the fact that one is likely part of the problem if they are just now realizing they need to do better. It is my sincerest hope that the increasing numbers of diverse voices that were present at the 2023 PSA conference can move the organization as well as their institutions forward to make them better places for all of us and not just some of us.
大学和学院、K-12学校、公司、专业协会和其他社会机构在倡导变革的同时,也在采取措施防止变革真正发生。结果是一个无休止的循环,先是支持的言辞,然后是无所作为、含糊其辞和彻头彻尾的谎言。毫无疑问,那些想做点好事,但却被那些决心让社会回到过去的人——一个排斥那些屈尊向权力说真话的人——所激怒的人,会感到精疲力竭和沮丧。这篇总统演讲从个人和专业角度阐述了我作为一名黑人女性在我的机构和太平洋社会学协会所面临的困难。作为那些不能或不愿意看到自己的样子和自己真正想成为的样子之间不一致的人的见证者和受害者,我知道改变现状是多么困难。个人和机构声称将来“做得更好”,忽略了这样一个事实:如果他们现在才意识到他们需要做得更好,那么他们可能就是问题的一部分。我真诚地希望,出席2023年PSA会议的越来越多的不同声音可以推动该组织及其机构向前发展,为我们所有人而不仅仅是我们中的一些人创造更好的地方。
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引用次数: 0
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