Sociological Perspectives最新文献

英文中文

Long-term Consequences of Men's Migration for Women's Well-being in a Rural African Setting. 非洲农村地区男性移民对女性福祉的长期影响

IF 2.4 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-08 DOI: 10.1177/07311214231180557

Victor Agadjanian, Sophia Chae

Labor migration is a massive global reality, and its effects on the well-being of nonmigrating household members vary considerably. However, much existing research is limited to cross-sectional or short-term assessments of these effects. This study uses unique longitudinal panel data collected over 12 years in rural Mozambique to examine long-term connections of women's exposure to husband's labor migration with women's material security, their perception of their households' relative economic standing in the community, their overall life satisfaction, and their expectations of future improvements in household conditions. To capture the cumulative quality of such exposure, we use two approaches: one based on migrant remittances ("objective") and the other based on woman's own assessment of migration's impact on the household ("subjective"). The multivariable analyses detect a significant positive association between "objective" migration quality and household assets, regardless of women's current marital status and other characteristics. However, net of household assets, "objective" quality shows a positive association with life satisfaction, but not with perceived relative standing of the household or future expectations. In comparison, "subjective" quality is positively associated with all the outcomes even after controlling for other characteristics. These findings illustrate the gendered complexities of long-term migration impact on nonmigrants' well-being.

劳动力移民是一个巨大的全球现实，其对非移民家庭成员福祉的影响差异很大。然而，许多现有的研究仅限于对这些影响的横断面或短期评估。这项研究使用了在莫桑比克农村12年来收集的独特纵向面板数据，考察了妇女接触丈夫劳动力迁移与妇女物质保障、她们对家庭在社区中相对经济地位的看法、她们的总体生活满意度、，以及他们对未来家庭条件改善的期望。为了了解这种接触的累积质量，我们使用了两种方法：一种基于移民汇款（“客观”），另一种基于妇女自己对移民对家庭影响的评估（“主观”）。多变量分析发现，无论妇女目前的婚姻状况和其他特征如何，“客观”移民质量与家庭资产之间都存在显著的正相关。然而，扣除家庭资产后，“客观”质量与生活满意度呈正相关，但与家庭的相对地位或未来期望无关。相比之下，即使在控制了其他特征之后，“主观”质量也与所有结果呈正相关。这些发现说明了长期移民对非移民福祉影响的性别复杂性。

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引用次数: 0

Cohort Differences in Occupational Retention among Computer Science Degree Holders: Reassessing the Role of Family 计算机科学学位持有者职业保留的队列差异:重新评估家庭的作用

3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.1177/07311214231195024

Sharon L. Sassler, Kristin E. Smith, Katherine Michelmore

Although women’s representation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) employment has increased significantly over the past few decades, their presence remains low in fields like computer science. Using the National Science Foundation’s Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT), this paper assesses the factors shaping employment in STEM and non-STEM occupations among men and women with bachelor’s degrees in computer science. Our results reveal that women with degrees in computer science are far less likely than their male counterparts to be employed in STEM occupations, particularly in computer science jobs. But family factors do not have the expected association with employment in computer science jobs. Men who are parents and childless women are more likely to work in non-STEM jobs versus computer science jobs, relative to childless men. Furthermore, the gender gap in employment in computer science jobs is larger among those graduating in the new millennium, suggesting that other factors are at play.

尽管在过去的几十年里，女性在科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)领域的就业人数显著增加，但她们在计算机科学等领域的比例仍然很低。利用美国国家科学基金会的科学家和工程师统计数据系统(SESTAT)，本文评估了影响计算机科学学士学位的男性和女性在STEM和非STEM职业中就业的因素。我们的研究结果显示，拥有计算机科学学位的女性从事STEM职业的可能性远远低于男性，尤其是在计算机科学领域。但家庭因素与计算机科学工作的就业并没有预期的联系。与没有孩子的男性相比，有父母的男性和没有孩子的女性更有可能从事非stem工作，而不是计算机科学工作。此外，在新千年毕业的计算机科学工作中，性别差距更大，这表明还有其他因素在起作用。

引用次数: 0

A Dystopian Post-Civil Rights Era: Black Lives Matter and the Rhetoric of Change 2023 PSA Presidential Address 反乌托邦的后民权时代:黑人的命也重要和变革的修辞2023年PSA总统演讲

3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1177/07311214231200945

Shirley A. Jackson

Universities and colleges, K-12 schools, corporations, professional associations, and other social institutions advocate for change at the same time they are taking steps to prevent it from actually occurring. The result is an endless cycle of words of support followed by inaction, obfuscation, and outright lies. It is no wonder that burnout and frustration face those who would like to do some good but are experiencing gaslighting by those determined to set society back to what it has always been—one that excludes those who deign to speak truth to power. This presidential address sheds personal and professional insight into the difficulties that I have faced at my institution and within the Pacific Sociological Association as a Black woman. Having been witness and victim of those who are incapable or unwilling to see the inconsistency in what they are like and what they would actually like to be has shown me how difficult changing the status quo can be. Individual and institutional claims to “do better” in the future ignore the fact that one is likely part of the problem if they are just now realizing they need to do better. It is my sincerest hope that the increasing numbers of diverse voices that were present at the 2023 PSA conference can move the organization as well as their institutions forward to make them better places for all of us and not just some of us.

大学和学院、K-12学校、公司、专业协会和其他社会机构在倡导变革的同时，也在采取措施防止变革真正发生。结果是一个无休止的循环，先是支持的言辞，然后是无所作为、含糊其辞和彻头彻尾的谎言。毫无疑问，那些想做点好事，但却被那些决心让社会回到过去的人——一个排斥那些屈尊向权力说真话的人——所激怒的人，会感到精疲力竭和沮丧。这篇总统演讲从个人和专业角度阐述了我作为一名黑人女性在我的机构和太平洋社会学协会所面临的困难。作为那些不能或不愿意看到自己的样子和自己真正想成为的样子之间不一致的人的见证者和受害者，我知道改变现状是多么困难。个人和机构声称将来“做得更好”，忽略了这样一个事实:如果他们现在才意识到他们需要做得更好，那么他们可能就是问题的一部分。我真诚地希望，出席2023年PSA会议的越来越多的不同声音可以推动该组织及其机构向前发展，为我们所有人而不仅仅是我们中的一些人创造更好的地方。

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引用次数: 0

At the Crossroads of Sociology and STS 在社会学和STS的十字路口

3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1177/07311214231200944

Fernando Domínguez Rubio, Juan Pablo Pardo Guerra

引用次数: 0

Becoming a Survivor? Identity Creation Post-violence 成为幸存者?暴力后的身份创造

3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1177/07311214231195340

Meghan Olivia Warner

In recent decades, advocates have sought to combat stereotypes about sexual violence and victims. This effort included replacing the term “victim” with the term “survivor,” but researchers have little understanding of how people who have experienced violence understand these terms. Drawing on in-depth interviews of 30 young people marginalized by gender who have experienced sexual violence, I find that few strongly identified with either label. Respondents described victim and survivor in contrast with each other, creating two typologies of response post-violence that exist along a continuum. Respondents described “victim” as an all-encompassing label that communicated overall weakness and passivity. Most distanced themselves from the victim label and aspired to the survivor label. However, most did not identify as survivors. They described being a survivor as the result of a long process toward becoming strong, morally worthy people who had “moved on” and were ready to advocate for others. Respondents’ descriptions of survivors constitutes what I theorize as the “perfect survivor narrative,” a cultural script that made it difficult for most people in the sample to identify as a survivor, with implications for their racialized and gendered self-perceptions. The findings demonstrate the freedoms and constraints of using new language to combat dominant narratives.

近几十年来，倡导人士一直在努力打破对性暴力和受害者的刻板印象。这一努力包括用“幸存者”取代“受害者”一词，但研究人员对经历过暴力的人如何理解这些术语知之甚少。通过对30名遭受过性暴力的被性别边缘化的年轻人的深入采访，我发现很少有人强烈认同这两个标签。受访者对受害者和幸存者进行了相互对照的描述，创造了两种连续存在的暴力后反应类型。受访者将“受害者”描述为一个包罗万象的标签，传达出整体的软弱和被动。大多数人远离受害者的标签，渴望成为幸存者的标签。然而，大多数人都不认为自己是幸存者。他们说，成为幸存者是一个漫长过程的结果，这个过程是为了成为坚强、有道德价值的人，他们已经“向前看”，并准备好为他人辩护。受访者对幸存者的描述构成了我所认为的“完美幸存者叙事”，这是一种文化剧本，使样本中的大多数人难以确定自己是幸存者，这对他们的种族化和性别化的自我认知产生了影响。研究结果表明，使用新语言对抗主流叙事的自由和限制。

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引用次数: 0

Moral Panic and Electric Micromobilities: Seeking Space for Mobility Justice 道德恐慌与电动微机动性:为机动性正义寻找空间

3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1177/07311214231193355

None Travers, N. Scott, K. J. Reed, P. Hall, M. Winters, G. Kwan, K. Park

This article makes the case that electric micromobilities (EMMs) are the site of a moral panic and employs the lens of mobility justice to explain it. Through analysis of scholarly and media discourse, interviews with, and social media content produced by, EMM riders (eriders), and the auto ethnographic experiences of the lead author as an electric unicycle rider in daily life, as a participant in online and offline “erider” communities, and as a food delivery worker, we reinforce the conclusion that alternate mobilities face an uphill battle in gaining legitimacy and inclusion in transportation policy and infrastructure. While this is not a new finding—alternate mobilities have a long history of being demonized and excluded—this article offers insight into how individuals who find themselves unwitting scapegoats in conflicts over public space consciously engage in deliberate actions to resist EMM panic and achieve greater mobility justice.

这篇文章阐述了电动微型交通工具(emm)是道德恐慌的场所，并使用交通正义的镜头来解释它。通过对学术和媒体话语的分析，对EMM骑手(骑手)的采访和社交媒体内容的分析，以及第一作者作为日常生活中的电动独轮车骑手，作为线上和线下“骑手”社区的参与者，以及作为一名外卖工人的汽车人种学经验，我们加强了这样一个结论:在获得交通政策和基础设施的合法性和包容性方面，替代交通面临着一场艰苦的战斗。虽然这并不是一个新发现——替代交通工具长期以来一直被妖魔化和排斥——但这篇文章提供了一个深刻的见解，即那些在公共空间冲突中发现自己不知情的替罪羊的个人是如何有意识地采取深思熟虑的行动来抵制EMM恐慌，并实现更大的交通正义。

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Making of the Economy in South Korea: A Venue for Sociology and Science and Technology Studies 探索韩国经济的形成:社会学和科学技术研究的场所

3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/07311214231193310

Kyunghwan Lee

Development is a strategic research site to initiate productive conversation between sociology and Science and Technology Studies (STS), because, on one hand, development is a significant social change process, and simultaneously, on the other hand, it is a “contact zone” where diverse social practices from the West and the Global South meet and negotiate with one another. With the case study of the development in South Korea, this project will demonstrate how postcolonial studies of science and technology offer opportunities for innovations in development studies. The lens of STS contributes to elucidating how each development practice could be implemented and compete and negotiate in constituting “development assemblage” in South Korea.

发展是社会学和科学技术研究(STS)之间开展富有成效对话的战略研究场所，因为发展一方面是一个重大的社会变革过程，同时，另一方面，它是来自西方和全球南方的各种社会实践相互接触和协商的“接触区”。通过对韩国发展的案例研究，本项目将展示后殖民时期的科学技术研究如何为发展研究的创新提供机会。STS的视角有助于阐明如何在韩国实施每种发展实践，并在构成“发展组合”时进行竞争和谈判。

引用次数: 0

Boundary-making in Conservation: The Configuration of Environmental Ontologies in the Andean Páramos 保护中的边界制定:安第斯山脉环境本体的配置Páramos

3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1177/07311214231193324

Camilo Castillo Estupinan

Unique high Andean ecosystems in South America as the “páramos” have been the object of conservation plans in the last decade. In Colombia, this spurred heated discussions when their conservation was promoted through the cartographic demarcation of their boundaries: what counts as “páramo” and what kind of activities should be allowed there have been highly contested topics. As part of a multisited ethnography that studies the case of páramos conservation with biologists, geographers, and campesinos in the Sumapaz region of Colombia, I argue that the analysis of boundaries is a crucial matter in the unfolding of conservation. By analyzing how boundaries are configured, coordinated, and contested in the conservation of páramos in Colombia, I advance an ontological approach to boundary-making as practices embedded in the concrete transformation of environmental worlds through the involvement of multiple agents such as humans, plants, and technologies.

在过去的十年里，南美洲独特的安第斯高原生态系统“páramos”一直是保护计划的对象。在哥伦比亚，这引发了激烈的讨论，当他们通过地图划定边界来促进保护时:什么算“páramo”以及应该允许什么样的活动一直是高度争议的话题。作为研究páramos保护案例的多地点人种学的一部分，生物学家、地理学家和农民在哥伦比亚的苏帕兹地区，我认为对边界的分析是展开保护的关键问题。通过分析哥伦比亚páramos保护区的边界是如何配置、协调和争议的，我提出了一种本体论的边界制定方法，通过人类、植物和技术等多种主体的参与，将边界制定实践嵌入到环境世界的具体转变中。

引用次数: 0

Pathways of Intergenerational Support between Parents and Children throughout Adulthood 父母和孩子在整个成年期的代际支持途径

IF 2.4 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/07311214231193342

B. Lee, A. Manzoni

This paper examines varying patterns of exchanges in financial and residential support between parents and children. We apply a life course perspective to explore how patterns of intergenerational support unfold throughout adulthood. Using Waves 3 to 5 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we conduct a repeated measure latent class analysis and identify six pathways of intergenerational exchange. About one-third of individuals have minimal intergenerational exchange while the majority share some form of residential and financial assistance with their parents between their late teens and early forties. Upward and downward intergenerational exchanges are most common among Blacks, Hispanics, and families with less formal educational backgrounds, whereas pathways of complete independence are most common among White families. This paper challenges the notion of complete independence as a necessary marker of adulthood and maps out the diverse patterns of intergenerational exchange along multiple dimensions over the life course.

本文研究了父母和子女在经济和居住支持方面的不同交流模式。我们运用生命历程的视角来探索代际支持模式在整个成年期是如何展开的。利用国家青少年至成人健康纵向研究的第3波至第5波，我们进行了一项重复测量的潜在阶级分析，并确定了六种代际交换途径。大约三分之一的人代际交流很少，而大多数人在十几岁到四十多岁之间与父母分享某种形式的居住和经济援助。向上和向下的代际交流在黑人、西班牙裔和教育背景不太正式的家庭中最为常见，而完全独立的途径在白人家庭中最常见。这篇论文挑战了完全独立作为成年的必要标志的概念，并在生命过程中沿着多个维度绘制了代际交流的不同模式。

引用次数: 0

The Allure of Transactional Intimacy in Sugar Dating 甜蜜约会中交易性亲密的诱惑

IF 2.4 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2023-08-20 DOI: 10.1177/07311214231191771

L. Gunnarsson

The proliferation of “sugar dating” websites, facilitating transactional relationships between a “sugar baby” and a “sugar daddy,” raises new questions about the reconfigured relationship between intimacy and economy in the contemporary Global North. By encouraging people to approach sex and intimacy through a logic of exchange, sugar dating has been claimed to represent the culmination of a broader trend towards a ”marketization” of intimacy. Based on semi-structured interviews, this article analyzes Swedish “sugar babies”’ investment in a transactional approach to intimate interactions with men, focusing on the emotional rewards that they associate with the transactional setup of sugar dating. While the participants’ transactional approach to intimacy is bolstered by the cultural dispersal of a neoliberal rationality into ever more domains of life, I argue that its deeper roots need to be sought in the precarious conditions of contemporary intimacy. Drawing in particular on the work of Eva Illouz, I claim that the women’s embracement of a transactional approach to heterosexual sex and intimacy may be read as a defensive tactic of seeking to gain control over the flows of intimate interaction in light of the (gendered) insecurities and vulnerabilities of the contemporary market of intimacy.

“糖约会”网站的激增，为“糖宝宝”和“糖爸爸”之间的交易关系提供了便利，这引发了关于当代全球北方重新配置亲密关系与经济之间关系的新问题。通过鼓励人们通过交换的逻辑来接近性和亲密，糖约会被认为代表了亲密关系“市场化”的更广泛趋势的高潮。基于半结构化访谈，本文分析了瑞典“糖宝宝”在与男性亲密互动的交易方式上的投入，重点关注了她们与糖约会的交易设置相关联的情感回报。虽然参与者对亲密关系的交易方式得到了新自由主义理性在更多生活领域的文化传播的支持，但我认为，需要在当代亲密关系的不稳定条件中寻找其更深层次的根源。我特别引用了伊娃·伊洛兹(Eva Illouz)的作品，认为女性对异性性行为和亲密关系的交易方式的拥抱可以被解读为一种防御策略，即考虑到当代亲密关系市场的(性别)不安全感和脆弱性，她们试图控制亲密互动的流动。

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