Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101820
Eduardo Ordonez-Ponce , Mauricio Lorca
In the face of the climate emergency, lithium is seen as essential for the green transition. Yet, the voices of those living in lithium-rich regions have been excluded from discussions about the industry's role in their development. Drawing on socio-environmental justice literature, this study interviewed Indigenous and non-Indigenous citizens from San Pedro de Atacama in the "Lithium Triangle" region to explore their perspectives on lithium mining. While most do not oppose the industry outright, their support is conditional fundamentally on economic benefits. Despite generally negative views on mining’s impacts, many adopt a pragmatic stance, engaging with companies to secure tangible benefits amid deteriorating environmental conditions and social tensions leading to symbiotic relationships. Their responses reflect broader dynamics shaped by state neglect and corporate influence that shape the region’s path towards or away from socio-environmental justice.
{"title":"Development in the context of electrification and the lithium industry: The view of the citizens of San Pedro de Atacama","authors":"Eduardo Ordonez-Ponce , Mauricio Lorca","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the face of the climate emergency, lithium is seen as essential for the green transition. Yet, the voices of those living in lithium-rich regions have been excluded from discussions about the industry's role in their development. Drawing on socio-environmental justice literature, this study interviewed Indigenous and non-Indigenous citizens from San Pedro de Atacama in the \"Lithium Triangle\" region to explore their perspectives on lithium mining. While most do not oppose the industry outright, their support is conditional fundamentally on economic benefits. Despite generally negative views on mining’s impacts, many adopt a pragmatic stance, engaging with companies to secure tangible benefits amid deteriorating environmental conditions and social tensions leading to symbiotic relationships. Their responses reflect broader dynamics shaped by state neglect and corporate influence that shape the region’s path towards or away from socio-environmental justice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101810
Ricardo Gabbay de Souza , Ana Mariele Domingues , Sandro Donnini Mancini
The demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) grows exponentially with the greener economy transition, causing increasing pressure on the supply of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs). LIB CRMs include alumina, cobalt, lithium, manganese, natural graphite, nickel, and phosphate. Brazil is a major supplier of most of these CRMs and undergoes increasing pressure to expand the exploration of its reserves, harming the environment and local communities. This paper aimed to investigate the social and environmental impacts of extracting LIB CRMs in Brazil, discussing knowledge gaps. There are few scientific studies analysing these impacts in Brazil, differently from other major world suppliers of LIB CRMs. Still, there is much evidence of continuous impacts of CRMs exploitation in Brazil, mainly reported by journalistic and independent sources. Environmental risks include land transformation, deforestation, ecosystem harm, and water quality and availability, threatening all Brazilian biomes, especially the Amazon and Atlantic Forests, Caatinga, and Cerrado. These mining projects have been affecting the livelihood of local communities, causing conflicts regarding land and water use, contamination through air and water, and depletion of natural resources, including food sources.
{"title":"Supply of critical raw materials for lithium-ion batteries: Social and environmental risks in Brazil","authors":"Ricardo Gabbay de Souza , Ana Mariele Domingues , Sandro Donnini Mancini","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) grows exponentially with the greener economy transition, causing increasing pressure on the supply of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs). LIB CRMs include alumina, cobalt, lithium, manganese, natural graphite, nickel, and phosphate. Brazil is a major supplier of most of these CRMs and undergoes increasing pressure to expand the exploration of its reserves, harming the environment and local communities. This paper aimed to investigate the social and environmental impacts of extracting LIB CRMs in Brazil, discussing knowledge gaps. There are few scientific studies analysing these impacts in Brazil, differently from other major world suppliers of LIB CRMs. Still, there is much evidence of continuous impacts of CRMs exploitation in Brazil, mainly reported by journalistic and independent sources. Environmental risks include land transformation, deforestation, ecosystem harm, and water quality and availability, threatening all Brazilian biomes, especially the Amazon and Atlantic Forests, Caatinga, and Cerrado. These mining projects have been affecting the livelihood of local communities, causing conflicts regarding land and water use, contamination through air and water, and depletion of natural resources, including food sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101810"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101821
Isidro Téllez-Ramírez, María Teresa Sánchez-Salazar
This study analyzes, at the national scale, the territorial, sectoral, and social evolution, and the magnitude of labor outsourcing in the mining-metallurgical industry in Mexico between 2003 and 2018, as well as its main implications for workers. Using census data, company reports, interviews, and document reviews, the analysis shows a 550.7 % growth in outsourced work in extractive mining, concentrated in precious metals and in states such as Colima, with little presence in the metallurgical industry. The consolidation of this model was driven by large companies that, taking advantage of regulatory flexibility and union fragmentation, managed to reduce costs at the expense of lower wages, instability, and loss of labor rights of thousands of workers. Likewise, this study documents the extreme use of outsourcing as a strategy to incorporate women into mining, which accentuated specific barriers related to motherhood, workplace violence and unequal access to training and promotion, thereby reproducing structural gender inequalities. In also reveals a marked asymmetry in the use of this scheme between companies operating in Mexico, Peru, Canada, and the United States: in more institutionally flexible contexts, outsourcing is widely used, whereas in settings with stricter regulation and oversight its use is considerably lower. It is concluded that outsourcing contributed to the increase in precariousness among mine workers and that the 2021 labor reform was an effective response to its abuses, although mechanisms of labour precarisation persist and require complementary policies to strengthen labor justice.
{"title":"Labor outsourcing in the mining-metallurgical industry in Mexico, 2003-2018: Territorial, sectoral and social evolution","authors":"Isidro Téllez-Ramírez, María Teresa Sánchez-Salazar","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes, at the national scale, the territorial, sectoral, and social evolution, and the magnitude of labor outsourcing in the mining-metallurgical industry in Mexico between 2003 and 2018, as well as its main implications for workers. Using census data, company reports, interviews, and document reviews, the analysis shows a 550.7 % growth in outsourced work in extractive mining, concentrated in precious metals and in states such as Colima, with little presence in the metallurgical industry. The consolidation of this model was driven by large companies that, taking advantage of regulatory flexibility and union fragmentation, managed to reduce costs at the expense of lower wages, instability, and loss of labor rights of thousands of workers. Likewise, this study documents the extreme use of outsourcing as a strategy to incorporate women into mining, which accentuated specific barriers related to motherhood, workplace violence and unequal access to training and promotion, thereby reproducing structural gender inequalities. In also reveals a marked asymmetry in the use of this scheme between companies operating in Mexico, Peru, Canada, and the United States: in more institutionally flexible contexts, outsourcing is widely used, whereas in settings with stricter regulation and oversight its use is considerably lower. It is concluded that outsourcing contributed to the increase in precariousness among mine workers and that the 2021 labor reform was an effective response to its abuses, although mechanisms of labour precarisation persist and require complementary policies to strengthen labor justice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101821"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101819
Marco A. Cotrina-Teatino , Jairo J. Marquina-Araujo , Johnny H. Ccatamayo-Barrios , Jose N. Mamani-Quispe , Moises B. Guia-Pianto , Solio M. Arango-Retamozo , Joe A. Gonzalez-Vasquez , Yasmin J. Franco-Lezama , Carlos G. Ortiz-Echeverria
This study presents a transparent and replicable multi-criteria analysis of the attractiveness and competitiveness of Peru’s four leading copper mining companies: Cerro Verde, Antamina, Southern Peru, and Quellaveco. A total of nine factors and 32 subfactors were defined using 1–5 rubrics, converted into 0–100 indices, weighted via the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), with all matrices showing consistency ratios (CR) below 0.10, and the companies were positioned within the GE–McKinsey matrix. Results show that Southern Peru leads in competitiveness (84.8), followed by Quellaveco (79.6), Antamina (77.4), and Cerro Verde (64.6). In attractiveness, Quellaveco (76.1) and Antamina (76.0) rank highest, ahead of Cerro Verde (71.9) and Southern Peru (70.5). All companies are located within the offensive growth quadrants, albeit through different strategic pathways: operational scale leadership (Southern), digitalization and life-cycle management (Quellaveco), technological-commercial balance (Antamina), and managerial strength with socio-environmental challenges (Cerro Verde). A 20 % sensitivity analysis showed minimal variation (2.1 points), confirming the robustness of the rankings. The positive correlation between competitiveness and attractiveness (r = 0.77) supports internal coherence. The study’s core contribution is a replicable evaluation model combining rubrics, AHP, and GE–McKinsey, useful for both corporate strategy and policy design in the copper mining sector.
{"title":"Multi-criteria analysis of competitiveness and attractiveness factors in leading copper mining companies in Peru","authors":"Marco A. Cotrina-Teatino , Jairo J. Marquina-Araujo , Johnny H. Ccatamayo-Barrios , Jose N. Mamani-Quispe , Moises B. Guia-Pianto , Solio M. Arango-Retamozo , Joe A. Gonzalez-Vasquez , Yasmin J. Franco-Lezama , Carlos G. Ortiz-Echeverria","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a transparent and replicable multi-criteria analysis of the attractiveness and competitiveness of Peru’s four leading copper mining companies: Cerro Verde, Antamina, Southern Peru, and Quellaveco. A total of nine factors and 32 subfactors were defined using 1–5 rubrics, converted into 0–100 indices, weighted via the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), with all matrices showing consistency ratios (CR) below 0.10, and the companies were positioned within the GE–McKinsey matrix. Results show that Southern Peru leads in competitiveness (84.8), followed by Quellaveco (79.6), Antamina (77.4), and Cerro Verde (64.6). In attractiveness, Quellaveco (76.1) and Antamina (76.0) rank highest, ahead of Cerro Verde (71.9) and Southern Peru (70.5). All companies are located within the offensive growth quadrants, albeit through different strategic pathways: operational scale leadership (Southern), digitalization and life-cycle management (Quellaveco), technological-commercial balance (Antamina), and managerial strength with socio-environmental challenges (Cerro Verde). <em>A</em> <span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>20 % sensitivity analysis showed minimal variation (<span><math><mrow><mo>≤</mo><mo>±</mo></mrow></math></span>2.1 points), confirming the robustness of the rankings. The positive correlation between competitiveness and attractiveness (<em>r</em> = 0.77) supports internal coherence. The study’s core contribution is a replicable evaluation model combining rubrics, AHP, and GE–McKinsey, useful for both corporate strategy and policy design in the copper mining sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101819"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101816
Tatiana Ordenes Cataldo, Sebastián A. Pérez Cortés, Juan Pablo Hurtado-Cruz
Chile ranks first globally in copper production. Mining in Chile is an undisputed pillar of the economy, accounting for 10 % of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 11.7 % of exports as of March 2025 (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas, 2025). This industry is not exempt from major global challenges such as climate change and digital transformation. To meet these goals, the incorporation of women into this traditionally male-dominated field has become a necessity, bringing diversity, innovation, and greater productivity to the sector. This study analyzes the evolution of female participation in the Civil Mining Engineering and Mining Execution Engineering programs at the Universidad de Santiago de Chile (Usach–Ex UTE) over three decades.
The methodology involves the analysis of historical databases from the Academic Registry of the Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), the Department of Evaluation, Measurement and Educational Registration (DEMRE), and gender gap data in higher education from the Undersecretariat of Higher Education (SiES). Since 1994, a total of 1164 women have enrolled, representing 21 % of total admissions. Notably, since 2005, female enrollment at this institution has been on the rise, consistently above 20 %, reaching a record 40 % of admitted students in 2025.
Mining Engineering is among the disciplines with low female representation within the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). The trend shows that women entering the Department of Mining Engineering (DIMIN-USACH) have begun to occupy an increasingly significant role, with a remarkable rise in their participation, surpassing the national trend.
智利的铜产量居全球首位。矿业是智利无可争议的经济支柱，截至2025年3月，占该国国内生产总值（GDP）的10%和出口的11.7% （Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas, 2025）。该行业也不能幸免于气候变化和数字化转型等重大全球挑战。为了实现这些目标，必须将妇女纳入这个传统上由男性主导的领域，为该部门带来多样性、创新和更高的生产力。本研究分析了智利圣地亚哥大学（Usach-Ex UTE）三十年来女性参与土木采矿工程和采矿执行工程项目的演变。该方法包括对智利圣地亚哥大学学术登记处（USACH）、评价、测量和教育登记部（DEMRE）的历史数据库以及高等教育副秘书处（si）的高等教育性别差距数据进行分析。自1994年以来，共有1164名妇女入学，占入学总人数的21%。值得注意的是，自2005年以来，该校的女生入学率一直在上升，一直超过20%，到2025年达到创纪录的40%。采矿工程是科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）领域中女性代表性较低的学科之一。趋势表明，进入采矿工程系的妇女已开始发挥越来越重要的作用，她们的参与率显著上升，超过了全国的趋势。
{"title":"Women enrolled in mining engineering: Evolution of female participation in mining engineering in Chile, 1994–2025","authors":"Tatiana Ordenes Cataldo, Sebastián A. Pérez Cortés, Juan Pablo Hurtado-Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chile ranks first globally in copper production. Mining in Chile is an undisputed pillar of the economy, accounting for 10 % of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 11.7 % of exports as of March 2025 (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas, 2025). This industry is not exempt from major global challenges such as climate change and digital transformation. To meet these goals, the incorporation of women into this traditionally male-dominated field has become a necessity, bringing diversity, innovation, and greater productivity to the sector. This study analyzes the evolution of female participation in the Civil Mining Engineering and Mining Execution Engineering programs at the Universidad de Santiago de Chile (Usach–Ex UTE) over three decades.</div><div>The methodology involves the analysis of historical databases from the Academic Registry of the Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), the Department of Evaluation, Measurement and Educational Registration (DEMRE), and gender gap data in higher education from the Undersecretariat of Higher Education (SiES). Since 1994, a total of 1164 women have enrolled, representing 21 % of total admissions. Notably, since 2005, female enrollment at this institution has been on the rise, consistently above 20 %, reaching a record 40 % of admitted students in 2025.</div><div>Mining Engineering is among the disciplines with low female representation within the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). The trend shows that women entering the Department of Mining Engineering (DIMIN-USACH) have begun to occupy an increasingly significant role, with a remarkable rise in their participation, surpassing the national trend.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101816"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101818
Shwan Jamal Azeez
The contested status of de facto states poses major challenges to the development of an extractive oil industry. This article uses a Most Similar Systems Design to compare the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in Iraq and Rojava in Syria, two de facto states that share structural similarities but have experienced divergent outcomes in oil sector development. Drawing on expert interviews and secondary sources, this study identifies three key explanatory factors: the degree of patron state support, the constraints imposed by parent states, and the security conditions in each entity. The study finds that the KRG built a functioning oil industry due to sustained patron state support, limited interference from the parent state, and relative security. By contrast, Rojava struggled to develop its oil sector amid fragmented and inconsistent external backing, aggressive parent-state opposition, and repeated military threats that undermined institutional and infrastructural development. The study contributes to debates on state-building and resource governance by demonstrating how geopolitical support, legal autonomy, and a stable security environment shape the capacity of de facto states to manage and export natural resources.
{"title":"Oil governance and institutional development in de facto states: A comparative study of the Kurdistan Regional Government and Rojava","authors":"Shwan Jamal Azeez","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The contested status of de facto states poses major challenges to the development of an extractive oil industry. This article uses a Most Similar Systems Design to compare the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in Iraq and Rojava in Syria, two de facto states that share structural similarities but have experienced divergent outcomes in oil sector development. Drawing on expert interviews and secondary sources, this study identifies three key explanatory factors: the degree of patron state support, the constraints imposed by parent states, and the security conditions in each entity. The study finds that the KRG built a functioning oil industry due to sustained patron state support, limited interference from the parent state, and relative security. By contrast, Rojava struggled to develop its oil sector amid fragmented and inconsistent external backing, aggressive parent-state opposition, and repeated military threats that undermined institutional and infrastructural development. The study contributes to debates on state-building and resource governance by demonstrating how geopolitical support, legal autonomy, and a stable security environment shape the capacity of de facto states to manage and export natural resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101818"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101817
Cyril M Gbeli , Francis Xavier D. Tuokuu
Although small-scale gold mining plays a vital role in supporting livelihoods and local economies in Ghana, it is associated with the widespread use of mercury, which poses significant environmental and public health risks across the country. This study examines artisanal miners’ knowledge, perceptions, and practices related to mercury use, with particular attention to its health and sustainability implications. Based on qualitative interviews conducted during field work in Ghana, the study reveals that while miners are aware of some immediate risks associated with mercury use, there is limited understanding of the long-term environmental and health consequences. The study explains the importance of incorporating local perspectives into policy responses to better align economic development with environmental protection in artisanal mining communities. It concludes by proposing a comprehensive policy framework to phase out mercury use in artisanal small-scale mining and offers avenues for future research.
{"title":"Toward safer gold: Policy pathways for reducing mercury related health risks in artisanal small-scale gold mining in Ghana","authors":"Cyril M Gbeli , Francis Xavier D. Tuokuu","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although small-scale gold mining plays a vital role in supporting livelihoods and local economies in Ghana, it is associated with the widespread use of mercury, which poses significant environmental and public health risks across the country. This study examines artisanal miners’ knowledge, perceptions, and practices related to mercury use, with particular attention to its health and sustainability implications. Based on qualitative interviews conducted during field work in Ghana, the study reveals that while miners are aware of some immediate risks associated with mercury use, there is limited understanding of the long-term environmental and health consequences. The study explains the importance of incorporating local perspectives into policy responses to better align economic development with environmental protection in artisanal mining communities. It concludes by proposing a comprehensive policy framework to phase out mercury use in artisanal small-scale mining and offers avenues for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101817"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101815
Megan J. Cole , Ezgi Canpolat , Mark Roberts , Bandita Sijapati
Growing concern over climate change impacts across the world has prompted significant commitments to cleaner energy systems and a ‘just transition’ framework for ensuring equitable outcomes. The transition will have significant implications for communities reliant on coal mines and plants for jobs, training, service delivery and local economic viability. South Africa is particularly affected due to its heavy reliance on coal for electricity and jobs, especially in the context of the country’s high unemployment rates. Vulnerability is multidimensional and comprises of exposure (the degree to which a region or community is susceptible to closure of mines and plants), sensitivity (the extent to which coal phase-down may cause social and economic disruption), and adaptive capacity of people and institutions. This study uses 19 indicators to quantify a Coal Transition Vulnerability Index (CTVI) for 29 coal municipalities in South Africa. Results show significant variation across components and highlight hotspots in Mpumalanga that are most vulnerable to the energy transition. The effect of adaptive capacity shows the importance of local economic development, service delivery, and governance in shaping transition outcomes. The distinct vulnerability profiles can be used to inform just transition policies and programmes in South Africa that support placed-based strategies.
{"title":"A coal transition vulnerability index for South Africa","authors":"Megan J. Cole , Ezgi Canpolat , Mark Roberts , Bandita Sijapati","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing concern over climate change impacts across the world has prompted significant commitments to cleaner energy systems and a ‘just transition’ framework for ensuring equitable outcomes. The transition will have significant implications for communities reliant on coal mines and plants for jobs, training, service delivery and local economic viability. South Africa is particularly affected due to its heavy reliance on coal for electricity and jobs, especially in the context of the country’s high unemployment rates. Vulnerability is multidimensional and comprises of exposure (the degree to which a region or community is susceptible to closure of mines and plants), sensitivity (the extent to which coal phase-down may cause social and economic disruption), and adaptive capacity of people and institutions. This study uses 19 indicators to quantify a Coal Transition Vulnerability Index (CTVI) for 29 coal municipalities in South Africa. Results show significant variation across components and highlight hotspots in Mpumalanga that are most vulnerable to the energy transition. The effect of adaptive capacity shows the importance of local economic development, service delivery, and governance in shaping transition outcomes. The distinct vulnerability profiles can be used to inform just transition policies and programmes in South Africa that support placed-based strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101815"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101813
Siri Lange , Festo Gabriel
This article examines the interplay between international standards and national regulations in land acquisition for extractive projects, using the planned Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) project in Tanzania as a case study. Drawing on 69 qualitative interviews conducted between 2016 and 2023, complemented by secondary sources, the study explores how differing priorities of multinational oil and gas companies and Tanzanian authorities shaped displacement and compensation processes. While investors sought to adhere to IFC Performance Standard 5 to minimise displacement, government-led initiatives for local content and industrialisation expanded land acquisition beyond the LNG site, creating confusion and frustration among project-affected people (PAP). The study highlights gaps in grievance mechanisms, contested land rights, and the limitations of “top-up” compensation strategies, which may mitigate reputational risks for investors but exacerbate local inequalities. Government acquisition of adjacent land for industrial and housing purposes disrupted local livelihoods yet aimed to generate long-term benefits through ripple effects and employment - outcomes unlikely to arise from the LNG plant itself once operational. These findings contribute to debates on resource governance, involuntary displacement, and the social impacts of pre-extraction phases in resource-rich countries.
{"title":"Limbo in Lindi: Liquified natural gas, local content and displacement in Tanzania","authors":"Siri Lange , Festo Gabriel","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article examines the interplay between international standards and national regulations in land acquisition for extractive projects, using the planned Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) project in Tanzania as a case study. Drawing on 69 qualitative interviews conducted between 2016 and 2023, complemented by secondary sources, the study explores how differing priorities of multinational oil and gas companies and Tanzanian authorities shaped displacement and compensation processes. While investors sought to adhere to IFC Performance Standard 5 to minimise displacement, government-led initiatives for local content and industrialisation expanded land acquisition beyond the LNG site, creating confusion and frustration among project-affected people (PAP). The study highlights gaps in grievance mechanisms, contested land rights, and the limitations of “top-up” compensation strategies, which may mitigate reputational risks for investors but exacerbate local inequalities. Government acquisition of adjacent land for industrial and housing purposes disrupted local livelihoods yet aimed to generate long-term benefits through ripple effects and employment - outcomes unlikely to arise from the LNG plant itself once operational. These findings contribute to debates on resource governance, involuntary displacement, and the social impacts of pre-extraction phases in resource-rich countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101813"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101814
Liam O’Connor
Global material sourcing is undergoing an unprecedented transformation, particularly in the critical steel and battery sectors, which underpin infrastructure, mobility, and the global clean energy transition. Driven by a complex interplay of geopolitical tensions, climate imperatives, technological innovation, and market volatility, the sourcing of raw materials has become a focal point of industrial strategy and policy debate. This review explores the structural shifts and strategic responses shaping material supply chains in the 21st century. China’s industrial rise, the decline of traditional producers, and the systemic vulnerabilities of lean global supply chains are analyses through empirical and theoretical lenses. The paper evaluates the adoption of decarbonisation technologies such as Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF) and hydrogen-based steelmaking, as well as the evolving chemistry and circular economy potential in lithium-ion battery production. In doing so, it highlights the risks posed by Critical Raw Material (CRM) dependencies, ethical supply concerns, and the uneven global policy landscape. Digital innovations and life cycle assessment frameworks are presented as enabling tools for transparency and sustainability. Ultimately, this review argues for a reorientation of global sourcing strategies centred on resilience, circularity, and governance to achieve climate targets and equitable industrial growth.
{"title":"A comparative review of material supply chains and sustainability pathways in steel and battery technologies","authors":"Liam O’Connor","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global material sourcing is undergoing an unprecedented transformation, particularly in the critical steel and battery sectors, which underpin infrastructure, mobility, and the global clean energy transition. Driven by a complex interplay of geopolitical tensions, climate imperatives, technological innovation, and market volatility, the sourcing of raw materials has become a focal point of industrial strategy and policy debate. This review explores the structural shifts and strategic responses shaping material supply chains in the 21st century. China’s industrial rise, the decline of traditional producers, and the systemic vulnerabilities of lean global supply chains are analyses through empirical and theoretical lenses. The paper evaluates the adoption of decarbonisation technologies such as Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF) and hydrogen-based steelmaking, as well as the evolving chemistry and circular economy potential in lithium-ion battery production. In doing so, it highlights the risks posed by Critical Raw Material (CRM) dependencies, ethical supply concerns, and the uneven global policy landscape. Digital innovations and life cycle assessment frameworks are presented as enabling tools for transparency and sustainability. Ultimately, this review argues for a reorientation of global sourcing strategies centred on resilience, circularity, and governance to achieve climate targets and equitable industrial growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101814"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号