Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2125508
J. Billieux, Loïs Fournier
Abstract The present commentary aims to extend the work conducted by Karhulahti et al. (2022), and more specifically to follow one of the research directions that they suggested but did not preregister, that is, to capitalize on network analysis (an item-based psychometric approach) to reinforce or – in contrast – to nuance the view that the four gaming disorder measurement tools that they scrutinized actually assess ontologically distinct constructs. Thanks to the open science approach endorsed by Karhulahti and colleagues, we were able to perform network analysis that encompassed all items from the four gaming disorder assessment tools used by the authors. Because of the very high density of connections among all available items, the analysis conducted suggests that these instruments are not reliably distinct and that their content strongly overlaps, therefore measuring substantially homogeneous constructs after all. Although not aligned with the main conclusions made by Karhulahti and colleagues, the current exploratory results make sense theoretically and require further elaboration of what is meant by ‘ontological diversity’ in the context of gaming disorder assessment and diagnosis.
{"title":"Commentary on Karhulahti et al. (2022): addressing ontological diversity in gaming disorder measurement from an item-based psychometric perspective","authors":"J. Billieux, Loïs Fournier","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2125508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2125508","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present commentary aims to extend the work conducted by Karhulahti et al. (2022), and more specifically to follow one of the research directions that they suggested but did not preregister, that is, to capitalize on network analysis (an item-based psychometric approach) to reinforce or – in contrast – to nuance the view that the four gaming disorder measurement tools that they scrutinized actually assess ontologically distinct constructs. Thanks to the open science approach endorsed by Karhulahti and colleagues, we were able to perform network analysis that encompassed all items from the four gaming disorder assessment tools used by the authors. Because of the very high density of connections among all available items, the analysis conducted suggests that these instruments are not reliably distinct and that their content strongly overlaps, therefore measuring substantially homogeneous constructs after all. Although not aligned with the main conclusions made by Karhulahti and colleagues, the current exploratory results make sense theoretically and require further elaboration of what is meant by ‘ontological diversity’ in the context of gaming disorder assessment and diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76023252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2141717
Sophie G. Coelho, M. Keough, D. Hodgins, N. Shead, Puneet K Parmar, Hyoun S. Kim
Abstract Background A robust literature has found that loot box purchasing is associated with gambling and problem gambling. However, it remains unclear whether this association is merely an artifact of known psychological risk factors for gambling. The present study thus examined associations of loot box purchasing with gambling and problem gambling while controlling for potential psychological confounders. Methods Current gamers, recruited from five Canadian universities (N = 1189) and Academic Prolific and Reddit (N = 499), reported on loot box engagement, gambling engagement, and psychological characteristics. In each sample, binomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between past-year loot box purchasing and likelihood of past-year gambling. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations of each of past-year loot box purchasing and risky loot box engagement with problem gambling severity. Results In both samples, having purchased loot boxes in the past year was significantly associated with increased likelihood of having gambled in the past year and greater problem gambling severity. In the student sample, greater risky loot box engagement was significantly associated with increased problem gambling severity. Conclusions Consistent with previous research, there exist associations between loot box purchasing and gambling. Results suggest that these associations are robust to known psychological risk factors for gambling, reducing plausibility of the notion that the association between loot box purchasing and gambling exists only due to shared psychological vulnerabilities. Loot box purchasing represents an important marker of risk for gambling and problem gambling among people who play video games.
{"title":"Loot box purchasing is associated with gambling and problem gambling when controlling for known psychological risk factors of gambling","authors":"Sophie G. Coelho, M. Keough, D. Hodgins, N. Shead, Puneet K Parmar, Hyoun S. Kim","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2141717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2141717","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background A robust literature has found that loot box purchasing is associated with gambling and problem gambling. However, it remains unclear whether this association is merely an artifact of known psychological risk factors for gambling. The present study thus examined associations of loot box purchasing with gambling and problem gambling while controlling for potential psychological confounders. Methods Current gamers, recruited from five Canadian universities (N = 1189) and Academic Prolific and Reddit (N = 499), reported on loot box engagement, gambling engagement, and psychological characteristics. In each sample, binomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between past-year loot box purchasing and likelihood of past-year gambling. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations of each of past-year loot box purchasing and risky loot box engagement with problem gambling severity. Results In both samples, having purchased loot boxes in the past year was significantly associated with increased likelihood of having gambled in the past year and greater problem gambling severity. In the student sample, greater risky loot box engagement was significantly associated with increased problem gambling severity. Conclusions Consistent with previous research, there exist associations between loot box purchasing and gambling. Results suggest that these associations are robust to known psychological risk factors for gambling, reducing plausibility of the notion that the association between loot box purchasing and gambling exists only due to shared psychological vulnerabilities. Loot box purchasing represents an important marker of risk for gambling and problem gambling among people who play video games.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90120585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-20DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2148663
P. Newall, M. Rockloff, N. Hing, Matthew Browne, H. Thorne, A. Russell, Tess Armstrong
Abstract Safer gambling messages are a common public health intervention for gambling, and yet there is little evidence to support the variety of messages that are in widespread use. This paper thematically analyzed the perspectives of 21 participants – including academics, regulators and treatment providers – regarding the design characteristics of safer-gambling messages with the goal to improve on those already being used. The focus groups were semi-structured and discussed exemplar messages based on five areas of previous gambling research: teaching safer gambling practices, correcting gambling misperceptions, boosting conscious decision making, norm-based messages, and emotional messages. Five themes were supported by the three focus groups, including that messages: may be insufficient to change behavior; should respect the diversity amongst gamblers; should not contribute to gambling stigma; should provide norm-based information thoughtfully; and should trigger only positive and not negative emotions. These findings can be useful in developing messages that are based on themes endorsed by experts as being relevant to the design of effective safer-gambling messages. Generating a pool of messages that are evidence based is likely to improve on current messages, thus serving as a useful public health tool for promoting safer-gambling involvement.
{"title":"How do academics, regulators, and treatment providers think that safer gambling messages can be improved?","authors":"P. Newall, M. Rockloff, N. Hing, Matthew Browne, H. Thorne, A. Russell, Tess Armstrong","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2148663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2148663","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Safer gambling messages are a common public health intervention for gambling, and yet there is little evidence to support the variety of messages that are in widespread use. This paper thematically analyzed the perspectives of 21 participants – including academics, regulators and treatment providers – regarding the design characteristics of safer-gambling messages with the goal to improve on those already being used. The focus groups were semi-structured and discussed exemplar messages based on five areas of previous gambling research: teaching safer gambling practices, correcting gambling misperceptions, boosting conscious decision making, norm-based messages, and emotional messages. Five themes were supported by the three focus groups, including that messages: may be insufficient to change behavior; should respect the diversity amongst gamblers; should not contribute to gambling stigma; should provide norm-based information thoughtfully; and should trigger only positive and not negative emotions. These findings can be useful in developing messages that are based on themes endorsed by experts as being relevant to the design of effective safer-gambling messages. Generating a pool of messages that are evidence based is likely to improve on current messages, thus serving as a useful public health tool for promoting safer-gambling involvement.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74511294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2140799
Brittany M. Mathes Winnicki, Z. Hinds, Noam G Newberger, Nicholas A. Livingston
Abstract Social connection consists of both the presence of and perceived closeness in social relationships. Perceptions of connection are thought to be particularly important in the development and treatment of excessive alcohol use. However, no review has delineated existing work regarding the prospective associations between perceived social connection and alcohol use and related problems. Therefore, the current study synthesized and qualitatively organized this area of research to inform theoretical models, clinical care, and future research. A Boolean search resulted in 2,356 articles and 70 met inclusion criteria, which consisted of a repeated measures design and the presence of a perceived social connection predictor variable and alcohol-related outcome variable. Study design features, methods of measurement, and main effects were extracted from included articles. Most studies used an observational design with an average follow-up period of 1.5 years. Variables related to perceived social connection were organized into four categories: perceived support, emotional intimacy, social rejection and acceptance, and social behaviors. Perceived support and intimacy were the most common predictor variables. Results suggested that perceptions of support, acceptance, and intimacy in close relationships may be salient vulnerability factors and/or intervention targets for excessive alcohol use and related difficulties. The findings also revealed gaps in the literature with regard to sample diversity and study design that warrant attention in future empirical work.
{"title":"Prospective associations between perceived social connection and alcohol use: a scoping review","authors":"Brittany M. Mathes Winnicki, Z. Hinds, Noam G Newberger, Nicholas A. Livingston","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2140799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2140799","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Social connection consists of both the presence of and perceived closeness in social relationships. Perceptions of connection are thought to be particularly important in the development and treatment of excessive alcohol use. However, no review has delineated existing work regarding the prospective associations between perceived social connection and alcohol use and related problems. Therefore, the current study synthesized and qualitatively organized this area of research to inform theoretical models, clinical care, and future research. A Boolean search resulted in 2,356 articles and 70 met inclusion criteria, which consisted of a repeated measures design and the presence of a perceived social connection predictor variable and alcohol-related outcome variable. Study design features, methods of measurement, and main effects were extracted from included articles. Most studies used an observational design with an average follow-up period of 1.5 years. Variables related to perceived social connection were organized into four categories: perceived support, emotional intimacy, social rejection and acceptance, and social behaviors. Perceived support and intimacy were the most common predictor variables. Results suggested that perceptions of support, acceptance, and intimacy in close relationships may be salient vulnerability factors and/or intervention targets for excessive alcohol use and related difficulties. The findings also revealed gaps in the literature with regard to sample diversity and study design that warrant attention in future empirical work.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84135851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-13DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2144262
B. Alexander
Abstract This ‘think piece’ summarizes the final conclusions of an alarmed addiction researcher and theorist who, at the end of his professional life, sees an urgent need for change in both the research paradigm and the social role of addiction professionals. Not only can our profession help addicted individuals more effectively, we can also help to extricate society from its current polarized, embittered, and precarious state. The five key points of the article are: (1) addiction theory is currently bogged down and stuck, (2) We are stuck partly because of the ineradicable remnants of the Myth of the Demon Drug that has haunted our field of study from its beginnings, (3) A radical paradigm shift to an ‘adaptive’ paradigm can re-vitalize our work, (4) We are currently ignoring the addictions that constitute the greatest danger to society, and (5) The proposed paradigm shift, along with a recognition of the traditional meaning of addiction in the English language, will open up our field to fresh research questions and an expanded role in addressing the terrifying dangers of our times.
{"title":"A final conversation with addiction professionals*","authors":"B. Alexander","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2144262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2144262","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This ‘think piece’ summarizes the final conclusions of an alarmed addiction researcher and theorist who, at the end of his professional life, sees an urgent need for change in both the research paradigm and the social role of addiction professionals. Not only can our profession help addicted individuals more effectively, we can also help to extricate society from its current polarized, embittered, and precarious state. The five key points of the article are: (1) addiction theory is currently bogged down and stuck, (2) We are stuck partly because of the ineradicable remnants of the Myth of the Demon Drug that has haunted our field of study from its beginnings, (3) A radical paradigm shift to an ‘adaptive’ paradigm can re-vitalize our work, (4) We are currently ignoring the addictions that constitute the greatest danger to society, and (5) The proposed paradigm shift, along with a recognition of the traditional meaning of addiction in the English language, will open up our field to fresh research questions and an expanded role in addressing the terrifying dangers of our times.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83465863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-11DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2143495
E. Kuntsche, Benjamin Riordan, Kelly van Egmond, F. Labhart, S. Callinan, G. Gmel
Abstract This paper aims to provide an overview of the contemporary quantitative methods to assess alcohol consumption. We identified and rated six data collection methods according to four typical aims (i.e. to assess: per capita consumption, drinking patterns, event-specific consumption, and consumption over time) and five desirable features (low cognitive bias, contextual information, low participant and researcher burden, low costs). The results are presented in an overview table, which reveals that questionnaire-based methods are easy and cost-efficient but often distorted by cognitive biases. These biases can be avoided by analyzing sales/production statistics and wastewater samples, but these methods are unable to provide information on individual drinking patterns. Breathalyzers or transdermal monitors enable relatively precise measurement of individual consumption without any cognitive bias. However, the required devices are expensive and difficult to apply correctly, which makes data collection time, labor, and cost-intensive, particularly as sample sizes increase. Ecological momentary assessment (e.g. series of questionnaires within short timeframes completed in the participants’ natural environments) reduces, but does not eliminate, cognitive biases and maximizes ecological validity. Unfortunately, this method also increases the response burden, potentially resulting in assessment reactivity and drop-out. Highlighting the combination of strengths and weaknesses of each method, this overview may serve as useful guidance for study planning and implementation.
{"title":"Comparing strengths and weaknesses of contemporary quantitative methods to collect data on alcohol consumption: an ‘at-a-glance’ overview","authors":"E. Kuntsche, Benjamin Riordan, Kelly van Egmond, F. Labhart, S. Callinan, G. Gmel","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2143495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2143495","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper aims to provide an overview of the contemporary quantitative methods to assess alcohol consumption. We identified and rated six data collection methods according to four typical aims (i.e. to assess: per capita consumption, drinking patterns, event-specific consumption, and consumption over time) and five desirable features (low cognitive bias, contextual information, low participant and researcher burden, low costs). The results are presented in an overview table, which reveals that questionnaire-based methods are easy and cost-efficient but often distorted by cognitive biases. These biases can be avoided by analyzing sales/production statistics and wastewater samples, but these methods are unable to provide information on individual drinking patterns. Breathalyzers or transdermal monitors enable relatively precise measurement of individual consumption without any cognitive bias. However, the required devices are expensive and difficult to apply correctly, which makes data collection time, labor, and cost-intensive, particularly as sample sizes increase. Ecological momentary assessment (e.g. series of questionnaires within short timeframes completed in the participants’ natural environments) reduces, but does not eliminate, cognitive biases and maximizes ecological validity. Unfortunately, this method also increases the response burden, potentially resulting in assessment reactivity and drop-out. Highlighting the combination of strengths and weaknesses of each method, this overview may serve as useful guidance for study planning and implementation.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81941184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2135702
Melanie Barker, M. Zúñiga, J. Stockman, Susan Woodruff, Brittany A Wood
Abstract Background Suicide and driving under the influence of alcohol and other drugs are US public health epidemics. Research exploring the associations between driving under the influence and suicide presents a research gap. This study describes the prevalence and associations between demographic, alcohol and drug-related characteristics, depression, and self-harm (suicidal thoughts, behavior, and non-suicidal self-injury) among participants in a Southern California DUI Program. Methods Participants receiving driving under the influence treatment services (n = 1310) reported substance use, mental health and demographic data upon program intake between July 2019 and March 2020. A descriptive analysis was used to determine the prevalence of lifetime self-harm thoughts or behaviors. Bivariate analyses of associations between lifetime self-harm thoughts or behaviors and sociodemographic, alcohol, drug, and depression severity measures were explored. Manual backward elimination was used to obtain the final logistic regression model with variables statistically significant at p < 0.05 or had at least one category that was significant at p < 0.05 for non-dichotomous variables. For those reporting self-harm, a chart review extracted clinical themes to identify whether the driving under the influence event was reported as a deliberate suicide attempt. Results Ten percent (n = 135) of participants endorsed a lifetime self-harm history. Younger age, female gender, prior alcohol treatment, depressed mood, and family suicide history were significantly associated with self-harm. One individual reported the driving under the influence event as non-suicidal self-injury), and three reported it as a suicide attempt. Conclusion First- and multiple-time driving under the influence offenders represent a clinical population at increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behavior in need of specialized treatment referrals.
{"title":"Prevalence and correlates of self-harm in a Southern California driving under the influence treatment setting","authors":"Melanie Barker, M. Zúñiga, J. Stockman, Susan Woodruff, Brittany A Wood","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2135702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2135702","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Suicide and driving under the influence of alcohol and other drugs are US public health epidemics. Research exploring the associations between driving under the influence and suicide presents a research gap. This study describes the prevalence and associations between demographic, alcohol and drug-related characteristics, depression, and self-harm (suicidal thoughts, behavior, and non-suicidal self-injury) among participants in a Southern California DUI Program. Methods Participants receiving driving under the influence treatment services (n = 1310) reported substance use, mental health and demographic data upon program intake between July 2019 and March 2020. A descriptive analysis was used to determine the prevalence of lifetime self-harm thoughts or behaviors. Bivariate analyses of associations between lifetime self-harm thoughts or behaviors and sociodemographic, alcohol, drug, and depression severity measures were explored. Manual backward elimination was used to obtain the final logistic regression model with variables statistically significant at p < 0.05 or had at least one category that was significant at p < 0.05 for non-dichotomous variables. For those reporting self-harm, a chart review extracted clinical themes to identify whether the driving under the influence event was reported as a deliberate suicide attempt. Results Ten percent (n = 135) of participants endorsed a lifetime self-harm history. Younger age, female gender, prior alcohol treatment, depressed mood, and family suicide history were significantly associated with self-harm. One individual reported the driving under the influence event as non-suicidal self-injury), and three reported it as a suicide attempt. Conclusion First- and multiple-time driving under the influence offenders represent a clinical population at increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behavior in need of specialized treatment referrals.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86867039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-22DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2135703
Debi A. LaPlante, Taylor G. Lee, John M. Slabczynski, H. Shaffer, H. Gray
Abstract ‘Responsible drinking’ remains a poorly defined construct despite decades of use among diverse stakeholders including industry, academics, governmental agencies, and addiction advocacy groups. To move the field closer to a consensus definition of responsible drinking that is useful for educational and research purposes, we describe five primary barriers that discourage the construction of a shared definition of responsible drinking. These barriers include the lack of foundational empirical evidence, the social construction of the term, the possibility that different targets require different definitions, the political implications of responsible drinking, and the possibility that there is no safe level of alcohol consumption. We conclude this article by offering suggestions to overcome these barriers through further research.
{"title":"Five barriers to defining responsible drinking","authors":"Debi A. LaPlante, Taylor G. Lee, John M. Slabczynski, H. Shaffer, H. Gray","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2135703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2135703","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract ‘Responsible drinking’ remains a poorly defined construct despite decades of use among diverse stakeholders including industry, academics, governmental agencies, and addiction advocacy groups. To move the field closer to a consensus definition of responsible drinking that is useful for educational and research purposes, we describe five primary barriers that discourage the construction of a shared definition of responsible drinking. These barriers include the lack of foundational empirical evidence, the social construction of the term, the possibility that different targets require different definitions, the political implications of responsible drinking, and the possibility that there is no safe level of alcohol consumption. We conclude this article by offering suggestions to overcome these barriers through further research.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79773227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-21DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2134991
Amber Copeland, Andrew Jones, Samuel F. Acuff, J. Murphy, M. Field
Abstract Background Individuals with greater meaning in life tend to consume less alcohol. However, research elucidating pathways through which meaning in life influences consumption is lacking. Behavioral economic theories posit that distortions in valuation processes, whilst negative reinforcement models posit that avoidance or regulation of negative internal states, are central in decisions to consume alcohol. Method Pre-registered, cross-sectional design. Five hundred forty-six regular alcohol consumers (≥18 years old) completed an online questionnaire which asked about alcohol use, meaning in life, alcohol-free reinforcement, alcohol value, depressive symptoms, and drinking to cope motives. Results Presence of meaning had a significant negative association with AUDIT scores (β = −.26, p < .001), but neither search for meaning nor alcohol-free reinforcement were significant predictors (ps > .53). Subsequent path analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of presence of meaning on AUDIT scores through lower alcohol value (95% CI = −.17 to −.08) and drinking to cope (95% CI = −.07 to −.00), and a serial mediation effect through both lower depressive symptoms and drinking to cope (95% CI = −.09 to −.04). Although search for meaning was not a direct predictor of AUDIT scores, there was a significant indirect effect through greater drinking to cope (95% CI = .01 to .06) and a serial mediation effect through both greater depressive symptoms and drinking to cope (95% CI = .01 to .04). Conclusions Meaning in life subscales predict alcohol consumption indirectly via individual differences in alcohol value, depressive symptoms, and drinking to cope.
背景:生活中有更大意义的人往往会少喝酒。然而，阐明生活意义影响消费的途径的研究是缺乏的。行为经济学理论认为，估价过程中的扭曲，而负强化模型认为，避免或调节消极的内部状态是饮酒决定的核心。方法预先登记，横断面设计。546名定期饮酒者(≥18岁)完成了一份在线问卷，问卷内容包括酒精使用、生活意义、无酒精强化、酒精价值、抑郁症状和饮酒应对动机。结果意义的存在与审计得分呈显著负相关(β =−)。26, p < .001)，但寻找意义和无酒精强化都不是显著的预测因子(ps > .53)。随后的通径分析显示，通过较低的酒精值，意义的存在对审计分数有显著的间接影响(95% CI = -)。17至- 0.08)和饮酒应对(95% CI = - 0.08)。07至- 0.00)，通过降低抑郁症状和饮酒来应对的一系列中介效应(95% CI = - 0.00)。09 ~−.04)。虽然寻找意义不是审计得分的直接预测因子，但通过更多的饮酒来应对存在显著的间接影响(95% CI = 0.01至0.06)，并且通过更大的抑郁症状和饮酒来应对存在一系列中介效应(95% CI = 0.01至0.04)。结论:生活意义分量表通过酒精值、抑郁症状和饮酒应对的个体差异间接预测酒精消费。
{"title":"Meaning in life: investigating protective and risk factors for harmful alcohol consumption","authors":"Amber Copeland, Andrew Jones, Samuel F. Acuff, J. Murphy, M. Field","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2134991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2134991","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Individuals with greater meaning in life tend to consume less alcohol. However, research elucidating pathways through which meaning in life influences consumption is lacking. Behavioral economic theories posit that distortions in valuation processes, whilst negative reinforcement models posit that avoidance or regulation of negative internal states, are central in decisions to consume alcohol. Method Pre-registered, cross-sectional design. Five hundred forty-six regular alcohol consumers (≥18 years old) completed an online questionnaire which asked about alcohol use, meaning in life, alcohol-free reinforcement, alcohol value, depressive symptoms, and drinking to cope motives. Results Presence of meaning had a significant negative association with AUDIT scores (β = −.26, p < .001), but neither search for meaning nor alcohol-free reinforcement were significant predictors (ps > .53). Subsequent path analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of presence of meaning on AUDIT scores through lower alcohol value (95% CI = −.17 to −.08) and drinking to cope (95% CI = −.07 to −.00), and a serial mediation effect through both lower depressive symptoms and drinking to cope (95% CI = −.09 to −.04). Although search for meaning was not a direct predictor of AUDIT scores, there was a significant indirect effect through greater drinking to cope (95% CI = .01 to .06) and a serial mediation effect through both greater depressive symptoms and drinking to cope (95% CI = .01 to .04). Conclusions Meaning in life subscales predict alcohol consumption indirectly via individual differences in alcohol value, depressive symptoms, and drinking to cope.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89876294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2134990
Jonathan K. Noel, Fabiana Serna
Abstract Background Use of social media may activate similar regions of the brain as psychoactive substances, and research suggests a close relationship between social media and alcohol use. But research on alcohol use cravings in relation to social media is scant. The current study sought to determine if alcohol cravings were associated with engagement (i.e. Liking, Sharing, Commenting) with social media alcohol content. Method In all, n = 723 participants (18–65 years old) completed the Desires for Alcohol Questionnaire (DAQ) before and after viewing 6 social media alcohol posts. The likelihood of Liking, Sharing, and Commenting on each depiction was assessed after each exposure. Path analysis assessed direct and indirect effects after adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, social media involvement, and AUDIT score, and clustering of responses within persons. Results Pre-exposure DAQ scores were positively associated with the likelihood of ad Liking (p < .001), Sharing (p < .001), and commenting (p < .001). Likelihood of ad Liking (p = .035) and commenting (p = .028) were positively associated with post-exposure DAQ scores, with the indirect effects also statistically significant (p’s < .05). Conclusions Persons with high alcohol cravings may be more likely to engage with alcohol content on social media, and the act of engagement may subsequently increase alcohol cravings, which suggests a possible positive feedback loop. The role of social media should be accounted for in the prevention and treatment of alcohol use disorders.
{"title":"Alcohol cravings and engagement with alcohol content on social media","authors":"Jonathan K. Noel, Fabiana Serna","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2134990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2134990","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Use of social media may activate similar regions of the brain as psychoactive substances, and research suggests a close relationship between social media and alcohol use. But research on alcohol use cravings in relation to social media is scant. The current study sought to determine if alcohol cravings were associated with engagement (i.e. Liking, Sharing, Commenting) with social media alcohol content. Method In all, n = 723 participants (18–65 years old) completed the Desires for Alcohol Questionnaire (DAQ) before and after viewing 6 social media alcohol posts. The likelihood of Liking, Sharing, and Commenting on each depiction was assessed after each exposure. Path analysis assessed direct and indirect effects after adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, social media involvement, and AUDIT score, and clustering of responses within persons. Results Pre-exposure DAQ scores were positively associated with the likelihood of ad Liking (p < .001), Sharing (p < .001), and commenting (p < .001). Likelihood of ad Liking (p = .035) and commenting (p = .028) were positively associated with post-exposure DAQ scores, with the indirect effects also statistically significant (p’s < .05). Conclusions Persons with high alcohol cravings may be more likely to engage with alcohol content on social media, and the act of engagement may subsequently increase alcohol cravings, which suggests a possible positive feedback loop. The role of social media should be accounted for in the prevention and treatment of alcohol use disorders.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81597743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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