Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2123474
T. Gladwin
Abstract Automatic associations involving alcohol have been proposed to play a role in drinking behavior. Such associations are often assessed using implicit measures such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Neural network language models provide computational measures of semantic relationships between words. These model-based measures could be related to behavioral alcohol-related associations as observed using the IAT. If so, this could provide a step toward better understanding of the nature of automatic associations and their relationship to behavior. The current study therefore aimed to test whether there is a systematic covariation over items between model-based and behavior-based associations. Analyses were performed for two single-target IATs from a previously published study. One task involved alcohol versus nonalcohol drinks and positive associates, and the other alcohol versus nonalcohol drinks and negative associates. The GenSim library and a pretrained word2vec model were used to calculate a relative computational association between specific items from the positive and negative categories, respectively, and the alcohol versus nonalcohol word sets. In both tasks, a significant covariance between items’ computational and behavioral measures of association was found over participants. The results thus add to the information on the relationship between neural network language models and psychological associations. They may provide methodological strategies for task design and data analysis. Models of semantic associations connect computational linguistics and social-cognitive psychology and may provide a theoretical link between measures of alcohol-related associations using verbal stimuli and alcohol-related cognition and behaviors.
{"title":"Toward the nature of automatic associations: item-level computational semantic similarity and IAT-based alcohol-valence associations","authors":"T. Gladwin","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2123474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2123474","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Automatic associations involving alcohol have been proposed to play a role in drinking behavior. Such associations are often assessed using implicit measures such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Neural network language models provide computational measures of semantic relationships between words. These model-based measures could be related to behavioral alcohol-related associations as observed using the IAT. If so, this could provide a step toward better understanding of the nature of automatic associations and their relationship to behavior. The current study therefore aimed to test whether there is a systematic covariation over items between model-based and behavior-based associations. Analyses were performed for two single-target IATs from a previously published study. One task involved alcohol versus nonalcohol drinks and positive associates, and the other alcohol versus nonalcohol drinks and negative associates. The GenSim library and a pretrained word2vec model were used to calculate a relative computational association between specific items from the positive and negative categories, respectively, and the alcohol versus nonalcohol word sets. In both tasks, a significant covariance between items’ computational and behavioral measures of association was found over participants. The results thus add to the information on the relationship between neural network language models and psychological associations. They may provide methodological strategies for task design and data analysis. Models of semantic associations connect computational linguistics and social-cognitive psychology and may provide a theoretical link between measures of alcohol-related associations using verbal stimuli and alcohol-related cognition and behaviors.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"1 1","pages":"100 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72514942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2115033
Veli-Matti Karhulahti, Jukka Vahlo, Marcel Martončik, M. Munukka, R. Koskimaa, M. V. von Bonsdorff
Abstract Gaming-related health problems have been researched since the 1980s with numerous different ontologies as reference systems, from self-assessed ‘game addiction’ to ‘pathological gambling’ (in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM]-IV), ‘internet gaming disorder’ (in the third section of the DSM-5) and most recently ‘gaming disorder’ (in the International Classification of Diseases [ICD]-11). Our goal was to investigate how screening instruments that derive from different ontologies differ in identifying associated problem groups. By using four central screening instruments, each representing a different ontological basis, we hypothesized differences and similarities in prevalence, overlap, and health. A nationally representative (N = 8217) sample of Finnish participants was collected. The screening instruments produced significantly different prevalence rates (from 0.4% to 6.9%) and the binomial probabilities of group overlap ranged from poor (0.419) to good (0.919). Expectedly, the problem groups had lower mental health than the general population, yet exploratory analyses implied equivalent or significantly higher physical health. We also found strong exploratory evidence for mischievous responding to complicate the measurement of gaming problems. Considering that several major differences were confirmed between the four gaming problem constructs, we recommend researchers to clearly define their construct of interest, i.e. whether they are studying the ICD-11 based official mental disorder, the DSM-5 proposed ‘internet gaming disorder’, or other gaming problems—especially in future meta-analyses.
{"title":"Ontological diversity in gaming disorder measurement: a nationally representative registered report","authors":"Veli-Matti Karhulahti, Jukka Vahlo, Marcel Martončik, M. Munukka, R. Koskimaa, M. V. von Bonsdorff","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2115033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2115033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gaming-related health problems have been researched since the 1980s with numerous different ontologies as reference systems, from self-assessed ‘game addiction’ to ‘pathological gambling’ (in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM]-IV), ‘internet gaming disorder’ (in the third section of the DSM-5) and most recently ‘gaming disorder’ (in the International Classification of Diseases [ICD]-11). Our goal was to investigate how screening instruments that derive from different ontologies differ in identifying associated problem groups. By using four central screening instruments, each representing a different ontological basis, we hypothesized differences and similarities in prevalence, overlap, and health. A nationally representative (N = 8217) sample of Finnish participants was collected. The screening instruments produced significantly different prevalence rates (from 0.4% to 6.9%) and the binomial probabilities of group overlap ranged from poor (0.419) to good (0.919). Expectedly, the problem groups had lower mental health than the general population, yet exploratory analyses implied equivalent or significantly higher physical health. We also found strong exploratory evidence for mischievous responding to complicate the measurement of gaming problems. Considering that several major differences were confirmed between the four gaming problem constructs, we recommend researchers to clearly define their construct of interest, i.e. whether they are studying the ICD-11 based official mental disorder, the DSM-5 proposed ‘internet gaming disorder’, or other gaming problems—especially in future meta-analyses.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"57 1","pages":"157 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74199893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2114075
Felicitas Ernst-Linke, S. Enge, Leonard Viohl, M. Petzold, F. Betzler
Abstract Background Research suggests that university students are at high risk of using licit and illicit substances and that there has been an increase over the last decade in substance use among university students in Berlin, Germany. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between personality and substance use among university students in the city of Berlin. Method A sample of 8778 students from 17 Berlin universities completed an online questionnaire. Short versions of the Big Five Inventory and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale as well as the SOEP-scale (German socioeconomic panel) for the concept of locus of control were used to assess personality traits. Four different user groups and six specific substances were studied using multinomial logistic and logistic regression models. Results Participants regularly using substances scored higher on impulsivity and openness and lower on conscientiousness compared to the other user groups. Further, they scored higher on extraversion and external locus of control compared to participants not using substances or exclusively drinking alcohol. Out of the personality dimensions examined, the relationship between substance use and impulsivity was strongest and had the highest effect size (medium) in our sample. Conclusions Despite increasing prevalence among the high-risk group of university students in Berlin, universities have not yet sufficiently adopted prevention programs. These programs should be adapted to meet the needs of the target group which may be complemented with the findings of the study (e.g. emotional regulation training and goal management training).
{"title":"High five! – the big 5 personality traits, locus of control, and impulsivity and their relationship to substance use in a large cohort of university students in Berlin","authors":"Felicitas Ernst-Linke, S. Enge, Leonard Viohl, M. Petzold, F. Betzler","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2114075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2114075","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Research suggests that university students are at high risk of using licit and illicit substances and that there has been an increase over the last decade in substance use among university students in Berlin, Germany. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between personality and substance use among university students in the city of Berlin. Method A sample of 8778 students from 17 Berlin universities completed an online questionnaire. Short versions of the Big Five Inventory and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale as well as the SOEP-scale (German socioeconomic panel) for the concept of locus of control were used to assess personality traits. Four different user groups and six specific substances were studied using multinomial logistic and logistic regression models. Results Participants regularly using substances scored higher on impulsivity and openness and lower on conscientiousness compared to the other user groups. Further, they scored higher on extraversion and external locus of control compared to participants not using substances or exclusively drinking alcohol. Out of the personality dimensions examined, the relationship between substance use and impulsivity was strongest and had the highest effect size (medium) in our sample. Conclusions Despite increasing prevalence among the high-risk group of university students in Berlin, universities have not yet sufficiently adopted prevention programs. These programs should be adapted to meet the needs of the target group which may be complemented with the findings of the study (e.g. emotional regulation training and goal management training).","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"12 1","pages":"84 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73644566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2113071
V. Marionneau, M. Egerer, S. Raisamo
Abstract Background A public health approach to gambling has been accompanied by a wide understanding of gambling harms. This has led to the creation of conceptual frameworks to understand and itemize different gambling-related harms, dimensions of harms, and subjects of harms. The current paper presents a comparative review and synthesis of existing harm frameworks. Method Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature review on existing harm frameworks in five scientific databases across the years 2000–2021. We included studies that aimed at creating a conceptual framework or synthesis of different level gambling harms at a population level. The final sample consists of seven papers that present four different models. Results Gambling-related harms span health, psychological, relationship, financial, cultural, work, and crime-related issues. Harms accrue to individuals (heavy gamblers, non-problem gamblers and nongamblers), but also to families, communities, and societies. Harms form a spectrum in terms of severity and temporality. Risk factors or determinants of gambling are often similar to the harmful consequences of gambling. Conclusions The results are discussed in terms of gaps in current understanding of gambling harms, including increased communication between models, increased focus on severity levels and issues of causality, and a better incorporation of harms that stem from gambling provision rather than harmful gambling consumption. We conclude that framing harms as consequences of individual behavior remains predominant, and a shift of focus to the social and commercial determinants of gambling harms is needed. This also includes the development of societal level harm screening.
{"title":"Frameworks of gambling harms: a comparative review and synthesis","authors":"V. Marionneau, M. Egerer, S. Raisamo","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2113071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2113071","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background A public health approach to gambling has been accompanied by a wide understanding of gambling harms. This has led to the creation of conceptual frameworks to understand and itemize different gambling-related harms, dimensions of harms, and subjects of harms. The current paper presents a comparative review and synthesis of existing harm frameworks. Method Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature review on existing harm frameworks in five scientific databases across the years 2000–2021. We included studies that aimed at creating a conceptual framework or synthesis of different level gambling harms at a population level. The final sample consists of seven papers that present four different models. Results Gambling-related harms span health, psychological, relationship, financial, cultural, work, and crime-related issues. Harms accrue to individuals (heavy gamblers, non-problem gamblers and nongamblers), but also to families, communities, and societies. Harms form a spectrum in terms of severity and temporality. Risk factors or determinants of gambling are often similar to the harmful consequences of gambling. Conclusions The results are discussed in terms of gaps in current understanding of gambling harms, including increased communication between models, increased focus on severity levels and issues of causality, and a better incorporation of harms that stem from gambling provision rather than harmful gambling consumption. We conclude that framing harms as consequences of individual behavior remains predominant, and a shift of focus to the social and commercial determinants of gambling harms is needed. This also includes the development of societal level harm screening.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"9 1","pages":"69 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81842219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-24DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2113070
Cyril Devault-Tousignant, Nicolas Lavoie, Sophie Audette-Chapdelaine, Anne-Marie Auger, M. Côté, Julie-Christine Cotton, Magaly Brodeur
Abstract Gambling disorder (GD) is a major public health issue around the world. Even though prior studies have shown that the prevalence of problem gambling varies depending on certain sociodemographic factors, we know very little about gambling and sexual and gender minorities (i.e. LGBTQIA2S + populations). The objective of this scoping review was to summarize the available literature on gambling among LGBTQIA2S + populations and to underline future avenues of research. We conducted an electronic search using keywords related to gambling and sexual and gender minorities in 10 databases: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Education Source, ERIC, MEDLINE with Full Text, APA Psyc Articles, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, APA Psych Info, Social Work Abstracts, and SocINDEX. Studies eligible for this review had to meet the following criteria: discuss gambling and LGBTQIA2S + populations as the primary theme and be published in English in a peer-reviewed journal. After selecting the articles, the information was collated, analyzed, summarized, and reported using narrative synthesis. The search yielded 629 articles, and 476 remained following the removal of duplicates. Upon title and abstract review, 12 articles were retained for full-text reading, after which 6 articles were included in this review. We analyzed the data and revealed conflicting results on the associations between gambling and LGBTQIA2S + populations. Therefore, further research is needed on this population, which is known to be at risk for addictions.
摘要赌博障碍(GD)是一个全球性的重大公共卫生问题。尽管先前的研究表明，问题赌博的流行程度取决于某些社会人口因素，但我们对赌博和性少数群体(即LGBTQIA2S +人群)知之甚少。这一范围审查的目的是总结LGBTQIA2S +人群中赌博的现有文献，并强调未来的研究途径。我们使用与赌博和性少数相关的关键词在10个数据库中进行了电子检索:Academic search Complete, CINAHL Plus全文，Education Source, ERIC, MEDLINE全文，APA Psyc Articles, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, APA Psych Info, Social Work Abstracts，和SocINDEX。符合本综述的研究必须满足以下标准:以讨论赌博和LGBTQIA2S +人群为主要主题，并在同行评审的期刊上以英文发表。选择文章后，对信息进行整理、分析、总结，并采用叙事综合的方法进行报道。搜索得到了629篇文章，在删除重复的文章后，还剩下476篇。经标题和摘要审阅后，有12篇文章被保留供全文阅读，随后有6篇文章被纳入本综述。我们分析了数据，并揭示了赌博与LGBTQIA2S +人群之间关系的矛盾结果。因此，需要对这一已知有成瘾风险的人群进行进一步研究。
{"title":"Gambling among LGBTQIA2S + populations: a scoping review","authors":"Cyril Devault-Tousignant, Nicolas Lavoie, Sophie Audette-Chapdelaine, Anne-Marie Auger, M. Côté, Julie-Christine Cotton, Magaly Brodeur","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2113070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2113070","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gambling disorder (GD) is a major public health issue around the world. Even though prior studies have shown that the prevalence of problem gambling varies depending on certain sociodemographic factors, we know very little about gambling and sexual and gender minorities (i.e. LGBTQIA2S + populations). The objective of this scoping review was to summarize the available literature on gambling among LGBTQIA2S + populations and to underline future avenues of research. We conducted an electronic search using keywords related to gambling and sexual and gender minorities in 10 databases: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Education Source, ERIC, MEDLINE with Full Text, APA Psyc Articles, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, APA Psych Info, Social Work Abstracts, and SocINDEX. Studies eligible for this review had to meet the following criteria: discuss gambling and LGBTQIA2S + populations as the primary theme and be published in English in a peer-reviewed journal. After selecting the articles, the information was collated, analyzed, summarized, and reported using narrative synthesis. The search yielded 629 articles, and 476 remained following the removal of duplicates. Upon title and abstract review, 12 articles were retained for full-text reading, after which 6 articles were included in this review. We analyzed the data and revealed conflicting results on the associations between gambling and LGBTQIA2S + populations. Therefore, further research is needed on this population, which is known to be at risk for addictions.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"31 1","pages":"60 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89356816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2099543
James M. Clay, B. D. Fontana, C. Proserpio, E. Fernandez, E. Pagliarini, Fernando Lopes, J. A. López-Moreno, J. Canales, L. Loyant, Ravid Doron, L. Stafford, M. O. Parker
Abstract Background: We aimed to assess whether stress, boredom, drinking motives, and/or inhibitory control were related to alcohol use during a period of social isolation. Method: Analyses were carried out on questionnaire data (N = 337) collected during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (7 April–3 May 2020). We first assessed changes in drinking behavior, stress and boredom. We then regressed drinking behavior on drinking motives, inhibitory control, stress, and boredom. We also investigated interactions between change in stress/boredom and inhibitory control. Results: A minority of respondents reported increased alcohol use (units = 23.52%, drinking days = 20.73%, heavy days = 7.06%), alcohol-related problems (9.67%), and stress (36.63%). Meanwhile, most respondents reported increased boredom (67.42%). Similarly, boredom significantly increased (B = 21.22, p < .001), on average, while alcohol-related problems decreased (B = −1.43 p < .001). Regarding drinking motives, decreased alcohol-related problems were associated with social drinking motives (B = −0.09, p = .005). Surprisingly, risk-taking was associated with decreased alcohol-related problems (B = −0.02, p = .008) and neither stress nor boredom independently predicted changes in alcohol use. Finally, several significant interactions suggested that those who were more impulsive and less bored were more likely to report increased alcohol use and vice versa. Conclusions: These data provide a nuanced overview of changes in drinking-related behavior during the COVID-19-induced period of social isolation. While most people reduced their drinking, there was evidence of complex interactions between impulsivity and boredom that may be explored in future studies.
背景:我们旨在评估压力、无聊、饮酒动机和/或抑制控制是否与社会隔离期间的酒精使用有关。方法:对第一波COVID-19大流行(2020年4月7日- 5月3日)期间收集的问卷数据(N = 337)进行分析。我们首先评估了饮酒行为、压力和无聊的变化。然后，我们从饮酒动机、抑制控制、压力和无聊等方面对饮酒行为进行回归。我们还研究了压力/无聊变化和抑制控制之间的相互作用。结果:少数受访者报告酒精使用增加(单位= 23.52%，饮酒天数= 20.73%，重度天数= 7.06%)，酒精相关问题(9.67%)和压力(36.63%)。与此同时，大多数受访者(67.42%)表示无聊感增加了。同样，无聊感显著增加(B = 21.22, p < .001)，而酒精相关问题平均减少(B = - 1.43 p < .001)。关于饮酒动机，饮酒相关问题的减少与社交饮酒动机相关(B = - 0.09, p = 0.005)。令人惊讶的是，冒险行为与酒精相关问题的减少有关(B = - 0.02, p = 0.008)，压力和无聊都不能独立预测酒精使用的变化。最后，几个重要的相互作用表明，那些更冲动、更不无聊的人更有可能报告饮酒增加，反之亦然。结论:这些数据为covid -19引起的社会隔离期间饮酒相关行为的变化提供了细微的概述。虽然大多数人减少了饮酒量，但有证据表明，冲动和无聊之间存在复杂的相互作用，这可能会在未来的研究中得到探索。
{"title":"Drinking during social isolation: investigating associations between stress, inhibitory control, boredom, drinking motives, and alcohol use","authors":"James M. Clay, B. D. Fontana, C. Proserpio, E. Fernandez, E. Pagliarini, Fernando Lopes, J. A. López-Moreno, J. Canales, L. Loyant, Ravid Doron, L. Stafford, M. O. Parker","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2099543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2099543","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: We aimed to assess whether stress, boredom, drinking motives, and/or inhibitory control were related to alcohol use during a period of social isolation. Method: Analyses were carried out on questionnaire data (N = 337) collected during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (7 April–3 May 2020). We first assessed changes in drinking behavior, stress and boredom. We then regressed drinking behavior on drinking motives, inhibitory control, stress, and boredom. We also investigated interactions between change in stress/boredom and inhibitory control. Results: A minority of respondents reported increased alcohol use (units = 23.52%, drinking days = 20.73%, heavy days = 7.06%), alcohol-related problems (9.67%), and stress (36.63%). Meanwhile, most respondents reported increased boredom (67.42%). Similarly, boredom significantly increased (B = 21.22, p < .001), on average, while alcohol-related problems decreased (B = −1.43 p < .001). Regarding drinking motives, decreased alcohol-related problems were associated with social drinking motives (B = −0.09, p = .005). Surprisingly, risk-taking was associated with decreased alcohol-related problems (B = −0.02, p = .008) and neither stress nor boredom independently predicted changes in alcohol use. Finally, several significant interactions suggested that those who were more impulsive and less bored were more likely to report increased alcohol use and vice versa. Conclusions: These data provide a nuanced overview of changes in drinking-related behavior during the COVID-19-induced period of social isolation. While most people reduced their drinking, there was evidence of complex interactions between impulsivity and boredom that may be explored in future studies.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"37 1","pages":"16 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84869097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2101639
M. Kohli, Vanessa Serrano, Jessica L. Montoya, B. Gouaux, J. Atkinson, D. Moore
Abstract Methamphetamine use is highly prevalent among people with HIV (PWH). Substance use is difficult to assess accurately and is often evaluated using a timeline follow-back interview (TLFB). One significant limitation of the TLFB is its long retrospective recall period (e.g. remembering use over a 30-day period). Self-report via text messaging offers a remote and potentially efficacious method of assessing methamphetamine use at a time closer to actual use. The aim of this secondary analysis is to evaluate the concordance between TLFB- and text message-reported methamphetamine use in a sample of 57 PWH; and by neurocognitive impairment status. Daily text messages evaluated methamphetamine use in the previous 24 h. Participants completed a TLFB covering the past 30 days to assess methamphetamine use frequency. There was a significant correlation between TLFB and daily text message reports (ρ = 0.617, p < .001). Results of matched paired t-tests showed comparability in mean reports of methamphetamine use between assessment methods (text-based frequency = 28%, TLFB frequency = 31%; p = .328). Although results approached significance, there were no differences in the neurocognitively impaired group between assessment methods (text message reported frequency = 28%, TLFB reported frequency = 39%; p = .062). Results reveal strong correspondence between TLFB and text message assessment of methamphetamine use. There may be benefits to using text messaging for substance use assessment and opportunities for interventions to improve important health behaviors (e.g. antiretroviral therapy adherence) that are strongly linked to substance use behaviors.
{"title":"Daily self-report of substance use via text message corresponds to retrospective assessment in people with HIV who use methamphetamine","authors":"M. Kohli, Vanessa Serrano, Jessica L. Montoya, B. Gouaux, J. Atkinson, D. Moore","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2101639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2101639","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Methamphetamine use is highly prevalent among people with HIV (PWH). Substance use is difficult to assess accurately and is often evaluated using a timeline follow-back interview (TLFB). One significant limitation of the TLFB is its long retrospective recall period (e.g. remembering use over a 30-day period). Self-report via text messaging offers a remote and potentially efficacious method of assessing methamphetamine use at a time closer to actual use. The aim of this secondary analysis is to evaluate the concordance between TLFB- and text message-reported methamphetamine use in a sample of 57 PWH; and by neurocognitive impairment status. Daily text messages evaluated methamphetamine use in the previous 24 h. Participants completed a TLFB covering the past 30 days to assess methamphetamine use frequency. There was a significant correlation between TLFB and daily text message reports (ρ = 0.617, p < .001). Results of matched paired t-tests showed comparability in mean reports of methamphetamine use between assessment methods (text-based frequency = 28%, TLFB frequency = 31%; p = .328). Although results approached significance, there were no differences in the neurocognitively impaired group between assessment methods (text message reported frequency = 28%, TLFB reported frequency = 39%; p = .062). Results reveal strong correspondence between TLFB and text message assessment of methamphetamine use. There may be benefits to using text messaging for substance use assessment and opportunities for interventions to improve important health behaviors (e.g. antiretroviral therapy adherence) that are strongly linked to substance use behaviors.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"47 1","pages":"29 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74759376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-24DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2101640
Michael J. Broman, E. Pasman, Suzanne Brown, Jamey J. Lister, Elizabeth Agius, Stella M. Resko
Abstract Background Social support from family, friends, and others promotes retention, decreased substance use, and other positive outcomes for people in substance use treatment. Methadone treatment-related stigma makes social support vital for clients. Little is known about the relationships between stigma, shame, and social support for methadone treatment clients in rural and small urban communities. This study examines these relationships among such clients at an opioid treatment program (OTP) in Michigan. Methods Adults (N = 267) at the OTP completed a web-based survey, including measures of general social support, friend support, demographic variables, opioid use-related shame, frequency of hearing negative comments about methadone treatment, past-year opioid use, and other variables not included in the present analysis. Multiple regression was used to examine associations between general social support (model 1), friend support (model 2) and other included variables. Results Half of the participants (48.3%) reported past-year opioid use. In multiple regression analyses, male gender was inversely associated with general social support. Opioid use-related shame and experiencing treatment-related stigma were inversely associated with general social support and friend support. Conclusions This study adds to the methadone treatment literature by highlighting how shame and stigma might be reduced amongst methadone treatment clients. Greater social support may reduce shame and stigma, making favorable treatment outcomes more likely. Clients with greater opioid-use-related shame and who more frequently experience treatment-related stigma may be particularly vulnerable and need additional supports to maintain recovery. Interventions to enhance support should thus address shame and stigma.
{"title":"Social support is associated with reduced stigma and shame in a sample of rural and small urban adults in methadone treatment","authors":"Michael J. Broman, E. Pasman, Suzanne Brown, Jamey J. Lister, Elizabeth Agius, Stella M. Resko","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2101640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2101640","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Social support from family, friends, and others promotes retention, decreased substance use, and other positive outcomes for people in substance use treatment. Methadone treatment-related stigma makes social support vital for clients. Little is known about the relationships between stigma, shame, and social support for methadone treatment clients in rural and small urban communities. This study examines these relationships among such clients at an opioid treatment program (OTP) in Michigan. Methods Adults (N = 267) at the OTP completed a web-based survey, including measures of general social support, friend support, demographic variables, opioid use-related shame, frequency of hearing negative comments about methadone treatment, past-year opioid use, and other variables not included in the present analysis. Multiple regression was used to examine associations between general social support (model 1), friend support (model 2) and other included variables. Results Half of the participants (48.3%) reported past-year opioid use. In multiple regression analyses, male gender was inversely associated with general social support. Opioid use-related shame and experiencing treatment-related stigma were inversely associated with general social support and friend support. Conclusions This study adds to the methadone treatment literature by highlighting how shame and stigma might be reduced amongst methadone treatment clients. Greater social support may reduce shame and stigma, making favorable treatment outcomes more likely. Clients with greater opioid-use-related shame and who more frequently experience treatment-related stigma may be particularly vulnerable and need additional supports to maintain recovery. Interventions to enhance support should thus address shame and stigma.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"435 1","pages":"37 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78217908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2101641
Katherine A. Berry, N. Livingston, A. Looby
Abstract Background Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis (i.e. marijuana; [SAM]) use is prevalent among college students. There is limited research on expectancy effects for SAM use, which are known correlates of use frequency and mediators of treatment outcomes. We examined the unique associations of both positive and negative alcohol and cannabis expectancies with frequency of SAM use among college students. Method Participants were 1012 college students (70.9% female, 51.8% white, M age = 19.63) from seven US universities who reported past-month alcohol and cannabis use (77.2% of the sample reported SAM use). Students completed measures of past-month typical weekly alcohol and cannabis frequency and quantity, alcohol and cannabis expectancies, and SAM frequency through an online self-reported survey. Results A negative binomial regression revealed that higher-order positive, but not negative, alcohol and cannabis expectancies were significant predictors of SAM frequency above and beyond frequency of alcohol and cannabis use, biological sex, and whether the survey was completed pre- or post-COVID-19 campus closures. Specifically, higher frequency SAM use was associated with weaker positive alcohol and stronger positive cannabis expectancies. A second negative binomial regression including lower-order expectancies found that SAM frequency was associated with weaker social and cognitive and behavioral impairment alcohol expectancies and stronger sexual and social facilitation cannabis and liquid courage alcohol expectancies, specifically. Conclusions Results highlight the importance of comprehensively examining both higher- and lower-order alcohol and cannabis expectancies when examining SAM frequency, and provide avenues of targeted intervention to reduce SAM use among dual users.
{"title":"Relations between higher- and lower-order alcohol and cannabis expectancies and simultaneous use frequency among undergraduate dual users","authors":"Katherine A. Berry, N. Livingston, A. Looby","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2101641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2101641","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis (i.e. marijuana; [SAM]) use is prevalent among college students. There is limited research on expectancy effects for SAM use, which are known correlates of use frequency and mediators of treatment outcomes. We examined the unique associations of both positive and negative alcohol and cannabis expectancies with frequency of SAM use among college students. Method Participants were 1012 college students (70.9% female, 51.8% white, M age = 19.63) from seven US universities who reported past-month alcohol and cannabis use (77.2% of the sample reported SAM use). Students completed measures of past-month typical weekly alcohol and cannabis frequency and quantity, alcohol and cannabis expectancies, and SAM frequency through an online self-reported survey. Results A negative binomial regression revealed that higher-order positive, but not negative, alcohol and cannabis expectancies were significant predictors of SAM frequency above and beyond frequency of alcohol and cannabis use, biological sex, and whether the survey was completed pre- or post-COVID-19 campus closures. Specifically, higher frequency SAM use was associated with weaker positive alcohol and stronger positive cannabis expectancies. A second negative binomial regression including lower-order expectancies found that SAM frequency was associated with weaker social and cognitive and behavioral impairment alcohol expectancies and stronger sexual and social facilitation cannabis and liquid courage alcohol expectancies, specifically. Conclusions Results highlight the importance of comprehensively examining both higher- and lower-order alcohol and cannabis expectancies when examining SAM frequency, and provide avenues of targeted intervention to reduce SAM use among dual users.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"416 1","pages":"45 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86855591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2099544
J. Morris, S. Cox, A. Moss, P. Reavey
Abstract Narratives around alcohol are important in determining how people decide who or what qualifies as problematic alcohol use. Narratives draw on common representations that are subject to influences including historical and normative influences. We argue that there are two dominant narratives that relate to how alcohol use disorder (AUD) is identified and addressed. The first is the historically embedded narrative of alcoholism as disease, and the second is the more recent narrative of positive or new sobriety. We present an argument that these two dominant narratives alone do not capture the wide and heterogeneous experience of alcohol harms, and as such a more diverse range of relatable narratives are required to reach and resonate with the broader community of people with AUDs. In particular, we reflect on the fact that these dominant narratives are both abstinence focused and therefore exclude many drinkers who are not willing and may not need, to consider lifelong sobriety to reduce their risk or experience of harms. We ask that alcohol policy professionals, researchers and lived experience advocates consider these issues and support diversifying the range of lived experiences, to support goals including public health outcomes, stigma reduction and alternative routes to recovery.
{"title":"Drinkers like us? The availability of relatable drinking reduction narratives for people with alcohol use disorders","authors":"J. Morris, S. Cox, A. Moss, P. Reavey","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2099544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2099544","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Narratives around alcohol are important in determining how people decide who or what qualifies as problematic alcohol use. Narratives draw on common representations that are subject to influences including historical and normative influences. We argue that there are two dominant narratives that relate to how alcohol use disorder (AUD) is identified and addressed. The first is the historically embedded narrative of alcoholism as disease, and the second is the more recent narrative of positive or new sobriety. We present an argument that these two dominant narratives alone do not capture the wide and heterogeneous experience of alcohol harms, and as such a more diverse range of relatable narratives are required to reach and resonate with the broader community of people with AUDs. In particular, we reflect on the fact that these dominant narratives are both abstinence focused and therefore exclude many drinkers who are not willing and may not need, to consider lifelong sobriety to reduce their risk or experience of harms. We ask that alcohol policy professionals, researchers and lived experience advocates consider these issues and support diversifying the range of lived experiences, to support goals including public health outcomes, stigma reduction and alternative routes to recovery.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"82 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91379665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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