Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1177/0261927X231176822
Eriksen P. Ravey, Ryan L. Boyd, Adam K. Fetterman
The stereotypes and biases that people have about various religions may not be applied to just the individuals who belong to those religions, but to the belief systems themselves. We hypothesized that non-Muslim and Muslim Americans would demonstrate biased estimates about the language content of the Quran and New Testament holding positive views towards their relative ingroup and negative views towards the outgroup text. We used two samples (N1 = 163, N2 = 204) of Americans and the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count Software (LIWC) to test our hypotheses. We determined the differences between the texts across language categories. Participants then rated the categories in terms of their relative frequency across the texts. We compared these ratings to the actual differences between the texts. As hypothesized, participants perceived the ingroup text as positive and the outgroup text as negative. We discuss whether biased beliefs about religious teachings may be separate from but aligned with biases against believers and further contribute to religious stereotypes.
{"title":"The New Testament vs. The Quran: Americans’ Beliefs About the Content of Muslim and Christian Holy Texts","authors":"Eriksen P. Ravey, Ryan L. Boyd, Adam K. Fetterman","doi":"10.1177/0261927X231176822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X231176822","url":null,"abstract":"The stereotypes and biases that people have about various religions may not be applied to just the individuals who belong to those religions, but to the belief systems themselves. We hypothesized that non-Muslim and Muslim Americans would demonstrate biased estimates about the language content of the Quran and New Testament holding positive views towards their relative ingroup and negative views towards the outgroup text. We used two samples (N1 = 163, N2 = 204) of Americans and the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count Software (LIWC) to test our hypotheses. We determined the differences between the texts across language categories. Participants then rated the categories in terms of their relative frequency across the texts. We compared these ratings to the actual differences between the texts. As hypothesized, participants perceived the ingroup text as positive and the outgroup text as negative. We discuss whether biased beliefs about religious teachings may be separate from but aligned with biases against believers and further contribute to religious stereotypes.","PeriodicalId":47861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44643357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1177/0261927x231163305
Marian S. Weinstein, Michaeline R Jensen
This study investigates whether interpersonal coordination of language style in written text message communication relates to past-year depressive symptoms and lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) in young adults. Consistent with application of Joiner's integrative interpersonal framework to interpersonal coordination, we hypothesized that students with more experiences of depression, and their conversation partners, would engage in less interpersonal coordination in text messages (indexed by reciprocal language style matching of function words; rLSM). College students at a large southeastern university ( N = 263) contributed two weeks of text messages in 2014−2015, alongside a mental health survey. Texts were filtered to dyads that used formal English (207,942 talk turns), accommodating limitations of LSM measurement. Structural equation models showed that students with more past-year depressive symptoms and lifetime MDD coordinated more (opposite the hypothesized direction of effect). Implications for interpersonal processes in depression and measurement of rLSM in text messages are discussed.
{"title":"Depression and Reciprocal Language Style Matching in Text Messages","authors":"Marian S. Weinstein, Michaeline R Jensen","doi":"10.1177/0261927x231163305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927x231163305","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates whether interpersonal coordination of language style in written text message communication relates to past-year depressive symptoms and lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) in young adults. Consistent with application of Joiner's integrative interpersonal framework to interpersonal coordination, we hypothesized that students with more experiences of depression, and their conversation partners, would engage in less interpersonal coordination in text messages (indexed by reciprocal language style matching of function words; rLSM). College students at a large southeastern university ( N = 263) contributed two weeks of text messages in 2014−2015, alongside a mental health survey. Texts were filtered to dyads that used formal English (207,942 talk turns), accommodating limitations of LSM measurement. Structural equation models showed that students with more past-year depressive symptoms and lifetime MDD coordinated more (opposite the hypothesized direction of effect). Implications for interpersonal processes in depression and measurement of rLSM in text messages are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46129818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.1177/0261927X231174569
Kamila Zochniak, Oliwia Lewicka, Zuzanna Wybrańska, M. Bilewicz
Two experimental studies, performed in Italy and Poland, showed that exposure to homophobic hate speech reduces well-being among LGBT+ people, particularly among those who highly identify with the LGBT+ community. Study 1 showed that exposure to homophobic words increases negative mood among highly identifying LGBT+ people, but it does not influence the negative affect of loosely identifying participants. Study 2 showed that exposure to homophobic statements reduces general life satisfaction among highly identifying LGBT+ people, as opposed to low-identifiers.
{"title":"Homophobic Hate Speech Affects Well-Being of Highly Identified LGBT People","authors":"Kamila Zochniak, Oliwia Lewicka, Zuzanna Wybrańska, M. Bilewicz","doi":"10.1177/0261927X231174569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X231174569","url":null,"abstract":"Two experimental studies, performed in Italy and Poland, showed that exposure to homophobic hate speech reduces well-being among LGBT+ people, particularly among those who highly identify with the LGBT+ community. Study 1 showed that exposure to homophobic words increases negative mood among highly identifying LGBT+ people, but it does not influence the negative affect of loosely identifying participants. Study 2 showed that exposure to homophobic statements reduces general life satisfaction among highly identifying LGBT+ people, as opposed to low-identifiers.","PeriodicalId":47861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47639742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1177/0261927X231171688
David E. Clementson, Wenqing Zhao, Sohyun Park
Incivility in U.S. political debates hurts democracy. But uncivil language is more entertaining, exciting, and arousing than civil language. Given the contradictory relationship between people's general aversion and the media attention to popularized incivility, insight can be gained through examining politicians’ language intensity, a relatively common yet scarcely explored phenomenon in political debates. In a preregistered multiple-message experimental design with an original stimulus filmed for this study, participants (n = 538 registered U.S. voters) watch a debate featuring a real politician (with a real journalist moderating the debate). Participants are randomly assigned to high- or low-intensity language conditions. Inspired by language expectancy theory (LET), a multiple-mediation model is tested, whereby language intensity decreases a politician's trustworthiness through intense language being more uncivil than low-intensity language which is associated with voters’ normative expectancies. Discussion concerns the practical implications for politicians’ debate strategy and theoretical ramifications of LET via communication accommodation theory.
{"title":"How Intense Language Hurts a Politician's Trustworthiness: Voter Norms of a Political Debate via Language Expectancy Theory","authors":"David E. Clementson, Wenqing Zhao, Sohyun Park","doi":"10.1177/0261927X231171688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X231171688","url":null,"abstract":"Incivility in U.S. political debates hurts democracy. But uncivil language is more entertaining, exciting, and arousing than civil language. Given the contradictory relationship between people's general aversion and the media attention to popularized incivility, insight can be gained through examining politicians’ language intensity, a relatively common yet scarcely explored phenomenon in political debates. In a preregistered multiple-message experimental design with an original stimulus filmed for this study, participants (n = 538 registered U.S. voters) watch a debate featuring a real politician (with a real journalist moderating the debate). Participants are randomly assigned to high- or low-intensity language conditions. Inspired by language expectancy theory (LET), a multiple-mediation model is tested, whereby language intensity decreases a politician's trustworthiness through intense language being more uncivil than low-intensity language which is associated with voters’ normative expectancies. Discussion concerns the practical implications for politicians’ debate strategy and theoretical ramifications of LET via communication accommodation theory.","PeriodicalId":47861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47391288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.1177/0261927X231173147
Samuel Sturaro, Caterina Suitner, F. Fasoli
Reclaiming involves self-labeling with derogatory labels. This behavior can be processed differently depending on contextual factors: Type of label, user, and observer. Sexual minority and heterosexual participants saw a vignette depicting either a gay or a heterosexual man who self-labeled with a derogatory or a category label. Sexual minority participants perceived the act of self-labeling with a derogatory label by a gay man as less offensive than heterosexual participants did. Sexual minorities, more than heterosexual participants, perceived self-labeling as powerful.
{"title":"When is Self-Labeling Seen as Reclaiming? The Role of User and Observer's Sexual Orientation in Processing Homophobic and Category Labels’ use","authors":"Samuel Sturaro, Caterina Suitner, F. Fasoli","doi":"10.1177/0261927X231173147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X231173147","url":null,"abstract":"Reclaiming involves self-labeling with derogatory labels. This behavior can be processed differently depending on contextual factors: Type of label, user, and observer. Sexual minority and heterosexual participants saw a vignette depicting either a gay or a heterosexual man who self-labeled with a derogatory or a category label. Sexual minority participants perceived the act of self-labeling with a derogatory label by a gay man as less offensive than heterosexual participants did. Sexual minorities, more than heterosexual participants, perceived self-labeling as powerful.","PeriodicalId":47861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41333100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.1177/0261927X231167108
Lisa Hilte
This study examines Flemish teenagers’ perceptions and evaluations of linguistic accommodation in instant messaging: people adapting their language use to (that of) their interlocutor. We conducted a survey among 254 pupils in Belgian secondary education, and compare the results to teenagers’ online writing practices in a reference corpus. Our findings yield insight in the indexicality of accommodation, with (more) mirroring evoking (more) positive evaluations of the relationship between interlocutors. As for self-reported mirroring, the socio-demographic variable of education stands out: while the participants report a frequent online contact with people who differ from them regarding age, gender, or educational track, they only report to accommodate in the first two situations. Furthermore, they perform quite poorly at recognizing accommodative adjustments made by their peers, especially for mixed-education interactions. Finally, while teenagers appear to hold largely the same opinions on accommodation, the analyses reveal some socio-demographic variation.
{"title":"How is Linguistic Accommodation Perceived in Instant Messaging? A Survey on Teenagers’ Evaluations and Perceptions","authors":"Lisa Hilte","doi":"10.1177/0261927X231167108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X231167108","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines Flemish teenagers’ perceptions and evaluations of linguistic accommodation in instant messaging: people adapting their language use to (that of) their interlocutor. We conducted a survey among 254 pupils in Belgian secondary education, and compare the results to teenagers’ online writing practices in a reference corpus. Our findings yield insight in the indexicality of accommodation, with (more) mirroring evoking (more) positive evaluations of the relationship between interlocutors. As for self-reported mirroring, the socio-demographic variable of education stands out: while the participants report a frequent online contact with people who differ from them regarding age, gender, or educational track, they only report to accommodate in the first two situations. Furthermore, they perform quite poorly at recognizing accommodative adjustments made by their peers, especially for mixed-education interactions. Finally, while teenagers appear to hold largely the same opinions on accommodation, the analyses reveal some socio-demographic variation.","PeriodicalId":47861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45663291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.1177/0261927x231164772
{"title":"Announcing The 18th ICLASP, June 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/0261927x231164772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927x231164772","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47724549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0261927X221116335
Xun Zhu
How does language change reveal the psychological trajectories of people coping with a COVID-19 infection? This study examined writings on social media over 12 weeks from people who self-reported having tested positive for COVID-19. People used fewer words reflecting anxiety and distancing but more words indicating reinterpretation over time. The language patterns for describing the experience of COVID-19 infections differed from those for describing other unrelated topics. The findings reveal the temporal dynamics of psychological adjustment to an unfolding crisis.
{"title":"Mapping Linguistic Shifts During Psychological Coping With the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Xun Zhu","doi":"10.1177/0261927X221116335","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0261927X221116335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How does language change reveal the psychological trajectories of people coping with a COVID-19 infection? This study examined writings on social media over 12 weeks from people who self-reported having tested positive for COVID-19. People used fewer words reflecting anxiety and distancing but more words indicating reinterpretation over time. The language patterns for describing the experience of COVID-19 infections differed from those for describing other unrelated topics. The findings reveal the temporal dynamics of psychological adjustment to an unfolding crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":47861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9309588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65030235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1177/0261927x231154911
David M. Markowitz
Prior work suggests when instrumental goals are salient, linguistic complexity associates with positive behavioral outcomes compared to linguistic simplicity. The current work tested this idea using descriptions from over 1,000 online realty advertisements to associate with housing prices. The evidence suggested linguistic complexity (e.g., fewer common words, more analytic writing, and less readable writing) indeed associated with higher housing prices. These data explicated the contingent-on-effort hypothesis: linguistic complexity is favored when people value effort in a particular setting.
{"title":"Words for Sale: Linguistic Complexity Associates with Higher Housing Prices in Online Realty Advertisements","authors":"David M. Markowitz","doi":"10.1177/0261927x231154911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927x231154911","url":null,"abstract":"Prior work suggests when instrumental goals are salient, linguistic complexity associates with positive behavioral outcomes compared to linguistic simplicity. The current work tested this idea using descriptions from over 1,000 online realty advertisements to associate with housing prices. The evidence suggested linguistic complexity (e.g., fewer common words, more analytic writing, and less readable writing) indeed associated with higher housing prices. These data explicated the contingent-on-effort hypothesis: linguistic complexity is favored when people value effort in a particular setting.","PeriodicalId":47861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41474190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.1177/0261927X231153949
N. Lou, K. Noels
Social exclusion can exacerbate newcomers’ language difficulties and undermine their social integration. We examined whether language mindsets induce mixed attitudes towards migrants with limited proficiency in the target language, and indirectly affect willingness to interact with migrants and attitudes toward migrants’ language education. Across two pre-registered experiments (N = 531) conducted in Canada, we found that people who were primed with fixed (vs. growth or control) mindsets tended to believe migrants have less potential to improve their English, but were less likely to blame them for their lack of improvement (“not their fault if they can't improve”), suggesting fixed mindsets contribute to mixed attitudes toward migrants. Furthermore, perceived linguistic potential was negatively and blame was positively correlated with contact avoidance and opposition to publicly funded language education for newcomers. These effects held after controlling for political orientations and perceived fluency of the target speaker, suggesting that language mindsets contribute to language judgments that could impact migrants’ acculturation experiences.
{"title":"“Your English is Good for an Immigrant”: Examining Mixed Effects of Mindset Messages on Perceived Linguistic Potential of and Blame Attributions Towards ESL Migrants","authors":"N. Lou, K. Noels","doi":"10.1177/0261927X231153949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X231153949","url":null,"abstract":"Social exclusion can exacerbate newcomers’ language difficulties and undermine their social integration. We examined whether language mindsets induce mixed attitudes towards migrants with limited proficiency in the target language, and indirectly affect willingness to interact with migrants and attitudes toward migrants’ language education. Across two pre-registered experiments (N = 531) conducted in Canada, we found that people who were primed with fixed (vs. growth or control) mindsets tended to believe migrants have less potential to improve their English, but were less likely to blame them for their lack of improvement (“not their fault if they can't improve”), suggesting fixed mindsets contribute to mixed attitudes toward migrants. Furthermore, perceived linguistic potential was negatively and blame was positively correlated with contact avoidance and opposition to publicly funded language education for newcomers. These effects held after controlling for political orientations and perceived fluency of the target speaker, suggesting that language mindsets contribute to language judgments that could impact migrants’ acculturation experiences.","PeriodicalId":47861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45741127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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