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Protest Structures: Responses From Nigerians in the United States to Police Brutality and #BlackLivesMatter Protests 抗议结构:美国尼日利亚人对警察暴行和#黑人生命也重要#抗议活动的反应
IF 2.1 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-30 DOI: 10.1177/0261927X211049473
Doris E. Acheme, Ioana A. Cionea
This study examined how Nigerian immigrants communicated about, and got involved in, #BlackLivesMatter protests and/or advocacy due to racialized violence against Blacks in the United States during the summer of 2020. Using a qualitative open-ended questionnaire, a purposive sample of Nigerians (N = 70) was assembled. Constant comparative analysis revealed that communication about and participation in the BLM movement consisted of affective (feelings associated with protests), cognitive (psychological processes triggered by thinking about protests), and behavioral (actions and engagement in protests) responses. This process is labeled protest structures, a term that captures the socio-psychological processes that shape the communication of and involvement in protests and/or advocacy. We discuss further how social positioning impacts active participation in the fight for racial equality and social change.
这项研究调查了2020年夏天,由于美国针对黑人的种族化暴力,尼日利亚移民如何交流和参与#BlackLivesMatter抗议和/或倡导活动。使用定性开放式问卷,尼日利亚人(N = 70)。不断的比较分析表明,关于BLM运动的沟通和参与包括情感(与抗议活动相关的感觉)、认知(思考抗议活动引发的心理过程)和行为(抗议活动中的行动和参与)反应。这一过程被称为抗议结构,这个术语捕捉了影响抗议和/或倡导的沟通和参与的社会心理过程。我们进一步讨论了社会定位如何影响积极参与争取种族平等和社会变革的斗争。
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引用次数: 1
Petty in Pink: Clothing Color Moderates Audience Perceptions of a Female Politician’s Verbal Aggression 粉红色的佩蒂:服装颜色调节观众对女性政治家言语攻击的感知
IF 2.1 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/0261927X211045372
A. Richards, Patrick Rice, Loni Covington
This research assessed whether the color of a female politician’s clothing affected perceptions of her verbal aggression. In the context of Kamala Harris attacking Donald Trump, a 2 (color: pink vs. gray) × 2 (verbal aggression: low vs. high) experiment was conducted. While wearing pink, participants perceived Harris as more competent and reported more message-consistent perceptions if she used low rather than high verbal aggression. While wearing gray, high rather than low verbal aggression was perceived more favorably.
这项研究评估了女性政治家服装的颜色是否会影响对其言语攻击的感知。在卡玛拉·哈里斯攻击唐纳德·特朗普的背景下,一个2(颜色:粉色与灰色) × 2(言语攻击:低与高)实验。在穿着粉色衣服时,参与者认为哈里斯更有能力,如果她使用低而非高的言语攻击,则会报告出更多信息一致性的看法。当穿着灰色衣服时,言语攻击性较高而非较低被认为更受欢迎。
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引用次数: 0
(In)Sincere Demeanor and (In)Sincere Language in Crisis Communication (三)危机沟通中的真诚举止与真诚语言
IF 2.1 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/0261927X211045724
David E. Clementson, Tyler G. Page
Perceptions of a crisis communicator’s sincerity drive reactions to an organization’s response amidst a scandal. However, a spokesperson can nonverbally appear sincere while deceptively evading questions and can appear insincere while actually speaking sincere truths. Applying truth-default theory to crisis communication, we assess people’s reactions to a spokesperson varying in sincerity through demeanor and language. In an experiment (N  =  801), adults from across the United States were randomly assigned to view one of four versions of a news interview. The stimuli present the spokesperson replying to questions with sincere or insincere demeanor and sincere language (conveying relevance and clarity) or insincere language (evasion and obfuscation). Results indicate that sincerity in demeanor and language interact to affect (a) account acceptance, (b) negative word-of-mouth intention, and (c) attribution of responsibility. But sincerity in language largely overrides behavioral impressions. Discussion concerns considering evasion and obfuscation as demeanor cues, when violations of relevance and clarity in language undercut a spokesperson’s believability.
对危机沟通者诚意的感知会促使组织在丑闻中做出反应。然而,发言人可以在欺骗性地回避问题时表现出真诚,也可以在实际说出真诚的真相时表现出不真诚。将真理默认理论应用于危机沟通,我们通过举止和语言来评估人们对发言人真诚的反应。在一个实验中(N  =  801),来自美国各地的成年人被随机分配观看四个版本的新闻采访之一。刺激使发言人以真诚或不真诚的态度和真诚的语言(传达相关性和清晰度)或不真诚(回避和混淆)回答问题。结果表明,态度和语言的真诚会影响(a)账户接受度、(b)负面口碑意向和(c)责任归属。但语言上的真诚在很大程度上压倒了行为印象。讨论涉及将回避和混淆视为举止暗示,当语言中的相关性和清晰度受到侵犯时,会削弱发言人的可信度。
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引用次数: 2
Does the Linguistic Expectancy Bias Extend to a Second Language? 语言期望偏差会延伸到第二语言吗?
IF 2.1 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/0261927X211044769
M. Garrido, Magda Saraiva, G. Semin
The linguistic expectancy bias (LEB) reflects the tendency to describe expectancy-consistent behavior more abstractly than expectancy-inconsistent. The current studies replicate the LEB in Portuguese and examine it in a second language (English). Earlier studies found differences in processing a first language (L1) and a second language (L2) shaping affective and cognitive processes. We did not expect these differences to shape the LEB because controlled lexical decisions (e.g., use of verbs and adjectives) are unlikely, even when using L2. Participants wrote stereotypically male or female behavioral descriptions for male and female targets. A new group of participants read those descriptions and was asked about their causes. Expectancy-consistent behavior was described more abstractly and shaped more dispositional inferences in L1 and L2. Aside from replicating the LEB in a different language, these studies indicate that structural features of language preserve a linguistic bias with implications for social perception even when using a second language.
语言期望偏差(LEB)反映了对期望一致行为的描述比期望不一致行为更抽象的倾向。目前的研究用葡萄牙语复制LEB,并用第二语言(英语)对其进行检查。早期的研究发现,第一语言(L1)和第二语言(L2)在形成情感和认知过程方面存在差异。我们没想到这些差异会影响LEB,因为即使在使用L2时,受控的词汇决定(例如,动词和形容词的使用)也不太可能。参与者为男性和女性目标写下刻板的男性或女性行为描述。一组新的参与者阅读了这些描述,并被问及其原因。期望一致行为在L1和L2中被更抽象地描述,并形成了更多的倾向性推理。除了在不同的语言中复制LEB外,这些研究表明,即使在使用第二语言时,语言的结构特征也会保留语言偏见,并对社会感知产生影响。
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引用次数: 0
Left Out—Feelings of Social Exclusion Incite Individuals with High Conspiracy Mentality to Reject Complex Scientific Messages 被排除在外——社会排斥感促使具有高度阴谋心理的个人拒绝复杂的科学信息
IF 2.1 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/0261927X211044789
J. Schnepf, Alexandra Lux, Zixi Jin, M. Formanowicz
We investigated linguistic factors that affect peoples’ trust in science and their commitment to follow evidence-based recommendations, crucial for limiting the spread of COVID-19. In an experiment (N = 617), we examined whether complex (vs. simple) scientific statements on mask-wearing can decrease trust in information and its sources, and hinder adherence to behavioral measures. In line with former research on social exclusion through complex language, we also examined whether complexity effects are mediated via feelings of social exclusion. Results indicate that negative effects of text complexity were present, but only for participants with a strong conspiracy mentality. This finding informs how to increase trust in science among individuals with a high conspiracy mentality, a population commonly known for its skepticism towards scientific evidence.
我们调查了影响人们对科学的信任以及他们遵循循证建议的承诺的语言因素,这对限制COVID-19的传播至关重要。在一项实验(N = 617)中,我们研究了关于戴口罩的复杂(与简单)科学陈述是否会降低对信息及其来源的信任,并阻碍对行为措施的遵守。与以往通过复杂语言对社会排斥的研究一致,我们还考察了复杂性效应是否通过社会排斥感来调节。结果表明,文本复杂性的负面影响存在,但仅对具有强烈阴谋心理的参与者。这一发现告诉我们如何在具有高度阴谋心理的人群中增加对科学的信任,这一人群通常以对科学证据持怀疑态度而闻名。
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引用次数: 10
“We” are in This Pandemic, but “You” can get Through This: The Effects of Pronouns on Likelihood to Stay-at-Home During COVID-19 “我们”正处于这场大流行病中,但“你”可以度过这一关:新冠肺炎期间代词对留在家中可能性的影响
IF 2.1 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/0261927X211044799
Ke C. Tu, S. S. Chen, R. M. Mesler
We examine how first-person plural and second-person singular pronouns used in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) communications impact people's likelihood to follow stay-at-home recommendations. A 2 (first-person plural [“we”] vs. second-person singular [“you”]) by continuous trait self-control between-subjects experiment (N = 223) was used to examine individuals’ adherence to stay-at-home recommendations. Results suggest that “you”-based appeals may be more broadly effective in garnering stay-at-home adherence, whereas low self-control individuals are less responsive to “we” appeals. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
我们研究了2019冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)传播中使用的第一人称复数和第二人称单数代词如何影响人们遵循居家建议的可能性。A 2(第一人称复数[“我们”]与第二人称单数[“你”])通过受试者之间的持续特质自我控制实验(N = 223)用于检查个人对居家建议的遵守情况。研究结果表明,基于“你”的呼吁可能更广泛地有效地获得居家依从性,而自控力低的人对“我们”的呼吁反应较差。讨论了对研究和实践的启示。
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引用次数: 6
“You Cannot Get into My Taxi!” Perceptions of a COVID-19-based Rejection Episode Reported in the Newspapers “你不能上我的出租车!”报纸上报道的对新冠肺炎排斥事件的看法
IF 2.1 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/0261927x211043096
Sabrina Vacchini, F. Fasoli, C. Volpato
COVID-19-related incidents of xenophobia have hit the headlines. We asked participants to read about a rejection episode targeting a foreigner and we manipulated whether the rejection was motivated by COVID-19 fears or by no specific reasons. In the COVID-19 condition, the perpetrator was perceived as moral but as experiencing shame and guilt, while the target was seen as experiencing social pain. Helping intentions were predicted by either the perceived victim's social pain or morality and blame associated with the perpetrator.
与新冠肺炎相关的仇外心理事件成为头条新闻。我们要求参与者阅读针对外国人的拒绝事件,我们操纵拒绝是出于新冠肺炎恐惧还是没有具体原因。在新冠肺炎的情况下,犯罪者被视为道德行为,但经历了羞耻和内疚,而目标被视为经历了社会痛苦。帮助意图是通过感知到的受害者的社会痛苦或与施暴者相关的道德和指责来预测的。
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引用次数: 2
The Interplay of Jargon, Motivation, and Fatigue While Processing COVID-19 Crisis Communication Over Time 在处理COVID-19危机沟通过程中,术语、动机和疲劳的相互作用
IF 2.1 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/0261927X211043100
Hillary C. Shulman, Olivia M. Bullock, Elizabeth E Riggs
Using the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, this three-wave experiment (N = 1,830) examined whether a public health crisis motivates people to engage with complicated information about the virus in the form of jargon. Results revealed that although the presence of jargon negatively impacted message acceptance for topics that were not particularly urgent (flood risk and federal risk policy), the presence of jargon within the COVID-19 topic condition did not affect message perceptions—at first. In subsequent waves of data collection, however, it was found that the influence of jargon strengthened over time within the COVID-19 topic condition. Specifically, jargon began to exert a stronger influence on processing fluency despite the continued urgency of the topic. This finding suggests that motivation to process COVID-19 related information declined over time. Theoretical contributions for language, processing fluency, and persuasion are offered and practical implications for health, risk, science, and crisis communicators are advanced.
在新冠肺炎大流行的背景下,这项三波实验(N = 1830)研究了公共卫生危机是否会促使人们以行话的形式参与有关病毒的复杂信息。结果显示,尽管术语的存在对并非特别紧急的主题(洪水风险和联邦风险政策)的消息接受度产生了负面影响,但新冠肺炎主题条件中术语的存在最初并不影响消息感知。然而,在随后的几波数据收集中,人们发现,在新冠肺炎主题条件下,术语的影响随着时间的推移而加强。具体来说,尽管主题持续紧迫,但行话开始对处理流畅性产生更大的影响。这一发现表明,处理新冠肺炎相关信息的动机随着时间的推移而下降。提供了对语言、处理流利性和说服的理论贡献,并提出了对健康、风险、科学和危机沟通者的实际意义。
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引用次数: 9
Introduction: Language and Communication Related to COVID-19 简介:与新冠肺炎相关的语言与交流
IF 2.1 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/0261927X211045728
Regina Jucks, Friederike Hendriks
The occurrence of COVID-19 has a strong impact on individuals’ as well as public life. This Special Issue brings together research on language and communication addressing the challenges resulting from the Corona virus situation. Seven original papers followed by a discussion, address research on language and communication related to COVID-19 using different theoretical backgrounds, methodological approaches, as well as different foci on individual, interpersonal, and intergroup perspectives. The foci addressed in the contributions of the Special Issue stretch from discrimination and intergroup stigmatization to the laypeople's perception and evaluation of science and health communication messages.
新冠肺炎的发生对个人和公共生活产生了强烈影响。本期特刊汇集了应对冠状病毒疫情带来的挑战的语言和沟通研究。七篇原创论文随后进行了讨论,探讨了与新冠肺炎相关的语言和交流研究,使用了不同的理论背景、方法论方法,以及对个人、人际和群体间视角的不同关注。《特刊》稿件中涉及的焦点从歧视和群体间的污名化延伸到非专业人士对科学和健康传播信息的看法和评价。
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引用次数: 2
The Effects of Type of Pronouns and Hope Appeals in Supportive Messages About COVID-19 新冠肺炎支持信息中代词类型和希望诉求的影响
IF 2.1 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/0261927X211044721
Xi Tian, Youllee Kim, D. Solomon
This study examined the role of pronouns in supportive messages and hope appeals in facilitating people's coping with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Participants included 256 residents of New York State, and they evaluated hypothetical messages about COVID-19. Results showed that when people have a communal orientation to coping, you-language (vs. we-language) supportive messages led to more emotional improvement. The presence (vs. absence) of hope appeals in supportive messages increased communal coping. We discuss the implications of results in promoting emotion- and action-focused coping.
这项研究考察了代词在支持信息和希望呼吁中的作用,以促进人们应对2019冠状病毒(新冠肺炎)。参与者包括256名纽约州居民,他们评估了关于新冠肺炎的假设信息。结果表明,当人们有共同的应对取向时,你的语言(相对于我们的语言)支持信息会带来更多的情绪改善。支持性信息中存在(与不存在)希望诉求增加了社区应对。我们讨论了结果对促进以情绪和行动为中心的应对的影响。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
Journal of Language and Social Psychology
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