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A systematic review of key contextual challenges facing school principals: Research-informed coping solutions 对学校校长面临的主要背景挑战的系统回顾:基于研究的应对方案
IF 3.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.1177/17411432211061439
Alireza Tamadoni, R. Hosseingholizadeh, M. Bellibaş
The function of school leadership has been significantly changed by the multi-layered school context to meet the demands of stakeholders. Increasing autonomy and accountability pressures have made it difficult to maintain the balance of principals’ tasks, which gives rise to a variety of challenges. This study adopted a descriptive quantitative form of a systematic review to analyse 169 related studies about the challenges faced principals and research-informed coping solutions for such challenges published in the international journals indexed by the WoS, SCOPUS, and ERIC databases between 2001 and 2020. This analysis identified 734 contextual challenges, including challenges related to principals’ roles and actions (31%) influenced by institutional contexts (24%), socio-cultural contexts (11%), stakeholders (3.4%), and parents (5.2%). Additional contextual challenges were related to the leading staff (6%) and teachers (7.9%). Finally, 11.2% of the contextual challenges corresponded with concerns about student performance. This research highlights the need for modifying leadership preparation programs in a context sensitive manner, active participation of all stakeholders in setting school targets and methods for achieving them, and creating a supportive culture that encourages mutual progressive trust between governments, local communities, and school principals.
为了满足利益相关者的需求,学校领导的功能在多层次的学校环境中发生了显著的变化。自主权和问责制的压力日益增加,使得校长的任务难以保持平衡,这带来了各种挑战。本研究采用系统综述的描述性定量形式,分析了2001 - 2020年在WoS、SCOPUS和ERIC数据库收录的国际期刊上发表的169篇有关校长面临的挑战和基于研究的应对方案的相关研究。该分析确定了734个情境挑战,包括与校长的角色和行动(31%)相关的挑战,这些挑战受制度背景(24%)、社会文化背景(11%)、利益相关者(3.4%)和家长(5.2%)的影响。其他情境挑战与领导人员(6%)和教师(7.9%)有关。最后,11.2%的情境挑战与学生表现相关。本研究强调需要以情境敏感的方式修改领导力培养计划,所有利益相关者积极参与制定学校目标和实现目标的方法,并创造一种支持性文化,鼓励政府、当地社区和学校校长之间相互进步的信任。
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引用次数: 5
Followers and following in early childhood education workplaces: A narrative review of the followership literature 幼儿教育工作场所的追随者和追随者:对追随者文献的叙述回顾
IF 3.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.1177/17411432211067410
M. Brooker, T. Cumming, H. Logan
Typically, leadership is identified as a key to constructing high-quality early childhood education services and creating provisions to promote children's successful outcomes. However, leadership does not occur in isolation. Organisational management scholars point out that success in organisations is mostly reliant on effective followers. Despite a long tradition of attention to the value of followership in organisational management literature, little attention is given to followership in early childhood education literature. This article reviews conceptualisations of followership from a broad body of literature from organisational management and higher education studies, and a small number of studies in early childhood education literature that mentioned followership. This small body of early childhood education literature is critiqued in connection with the broader body of literature. The analysis reveals three key themes concerning followership in early childhood education literature: the dominance of leader-centric ideas; a lack of conceptual clarity about the role and practices of followership; and early childhood educators’ qualifications typically determine who follows and who leads. This review contributes to increased understandings of the potential value of followership theories and practices in early childhood education.
通常,领导力被认为是构建高质量幼儿教育服务和创造促进儿童成功结果的规定的关键。然而,领导力不是孤立存在的。组织管理学者指出,组织的成功主要依赖于有效的追随者。尽管在组织管理文献中关注追随性的价值有着悠久的传统,但在幼儿教育文献中很少关注追随性。本文从组织管理和高等教育研究的广泛文献中回顾了追随性的概念,以及早期儿童教育文献中提到的追随性的少量研究。这一小部分早期儿童教育文献是与更广泛的文献联系在一起的。分析揭示了幼儿教育文献中关于追随性的三个关键主题:领导中心思想的主导地位;对追随的作用和做法缺乏明确的概念;幼儿教育工作者的资格通常决定了谁是跟随者,谁是领导者。这篇综述有助于增加对幼儿教育中追随理论和实践的潜在价值的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Is leadership a myth? A ‘new wave’ critical leadership-focused research agenda for recontouring the landscape of educational leadership 领导力是神话吗?一个“新浪潮”的关键领导为重点的研究议程重塑教育领导的景观
IF 3.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.1177/17411432211066274
Linda Evans
Intentionally provocative, this article identifies weaknesses in mainstream educational leadership scholarship, and draws upon ‘new wave’ critical leadership studies to propose a new, potentially paradigm-shifting, direction for the field. The central argument is that educational leadership researchers, in focusing predominantly on how institutional heads and other formal ‘leaders’ may best ‘do’ leadership, are addressing the wrong questions and setting off from the wrong departure point. The unit of analysis should shift, it is argued, from leadership to influence, within a new research agenda that replaces surface-level, causality-assumptive ‘how?’ and ‘why?’ questions that have shaped mainstream educational leadership research for over thirty years, with more fundamental ‘who? and ‘what?’ questions, aimed at identifying who is in fact doing the influencing. An aspect of such inquiry is leadership scepticism and agnosticism, which confronts the question: Does leadership exist, or is it a myth that we have reified? A highly original feature of the proposed new research agenda is the adoption of the author's theoretical notion of a singular unit of micro-level influence as an ‘epistemic object’ – a concept derived from STEMM research, denoting a vague and undefined potential focus of inquiry that may (or may not) turn out to be significant.
这篇文章故意挑衅性地指出了主流教育领导力研究的弱点,并借鉴了“新浪潮”批判性领导力研究,为该领域提出了一个新的、潜在的范式转换方向。核心论点是,教育领导力研究人员主要关注机构负责人和其他正式“领导者”如何最好地“做”领导力,他们正在解决错误的问题,并从错误的出发点出发。有人认为,在新的研究议程中,分析单元应该从领导力转向影响力,以取代表面层面的、因果假设的“如何?”和“为什么?”的问题,这些问题已经影响了30多年来主流的教育领导力研究,而更基本的问题是“谁?”和“什么?的问题,旨在确定实际上是谁在施加影响。这种调查的一个方面是领导力怀疑主义和不可知论,它面临的问题是:领导力是存在的,还是我们已经具体化的神话?提出的新研究议程的一个高度原创的特点是采用了作者的理论概念,即微观层面影响的单一单位作为“认知对象”——这是一个源自STEMM研究的概念,表示一个模糊和未定义的潜在调查焦点,可能(也可能不)变得重要。
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引用次数: 11
Linking school leaders’ core practices to organizational school climate and student achievements in Norwegian high-performing and low-performing rural schools 将学校领导的核心实践与挪威高绩效和低绩效农村学校的组织学校氛围和学生成绩联系起来
IF 3.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.1177/17411432211064424
Hilde Forfang, J. Paulsen
Prior research has suggested that well-performing school leadership clusters around a set of general core practices, which appear to be effective across a range of national, social and cultural contexts, yet contingent of school leaders being responsive to context and responding appropriately to their different contextual demands when they employ these core practices. So far school leadership in rural regions has received only modest attention in leadership research. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the relationship between the core practices of school leaders, organizational school climate and student academic achievement in primary and lower secondary rural schools in a county in Norway. The research design involved a cross-sectional study based on ratings from 275 teachers situated in 20 rural schools, split into two sub-groups of 10 ‘high-performing’ and 10 ‘low-performing’ schools. The results from the multivariate analysis and comparisons between the sub-groups suggest that two distinct core practices of school leadership emerge as critical in Norwegian rural school settings. Further, the results indicate that in the higher performing rural schools, the teachers reported a more positive organizational school climate, with higher level of collaborative learning and self-confidence, than in the opposite sub-group.
先前的研究表明,表现良好的学校领导围绕着一套普遍的核心实践,这些实践似乎在一系列国家、社会和文化背景下都是有效的,然而,当学校领导采用这些核心实践时,他们会对环境做出反应,并对不同的环境需求做出适当的反应。迄今为止,农村地区的学校领导在领导力研究中受到的关注并不多。因此,本研究旨在探讨挪威某县农村中小学学校领导核心实践、组织学校氛围与学生学习成绩之间的关系。研究设计涉及一项基于20所农村学校275名教师评分的横断面研究,这些学校分为两组,分别是10所“高绩效”学校和10所“低绩效”学校。多变量分析和子组之间比较的结果表明,两种不同的学校领导核心实践在挪威农村学校环境中至关重要。此外,结果表明,在高绩效农村学校,教师报告了更积极的组织学校氛围,具有更高水平的合作学习和自信,而不是相反的子组。
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引用次数: 0
The Relationship Between Reciprocal School-to-School Collaboration and Student Academic Achievement 互惠校际合作与学生学业成绩的关系
IF 3.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.1177/17411432211064436
Huang Wu, Jianping Shen, Patricia L. Reeves, Yunzheng Zheng, L. Ryan, D. Anderson
Despite the appeal of promoting and forming collaborative relationships between schools, empirical evidence for an association between school-to-school collaboration and school outcomes is still somewhat lacking. This study utilized data from 76 schools nested within 56 districts in the United States to examine the association between a school's reciprocal relationships and school outcomes by employing social network analysis and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). After controlling for school and district demographic characteristics, we found the indices of reciprocal collaboration are associated with the school's 2018 student proficiency level in both math and reading and the growth in proficiency level between 2017 and 2018. The implications and limitations were discussed.
尽管促进和形成学校之间的合作关系很有吸引力,但学校与学校之间的合作与学校成果之间的联系仍然缺乏经验证据。本研究利用了美国56个地区的76所学校的数据,通过社会网络分析和层次线性模型(HLM)来检验学校互惠关系与学校成果之间的关系。在控制了学校和学区的人口统计特征后,我们发现互惠合作的指标与学校2018年学生的数学和阅读熟练程度以及2017年至2018年熟练程度的增长有关。讨论了其影响和局限性。
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引用次数: 0
Finding the missing link: Do principal qualifications make a difference in student achievement? 寻找缺失的环节:校长资格对学生成绩有影响吗?
IF 3.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-03 DOI: 10.1177/17411432211051909
S. Gümüş, Mehmet Şükrü Bellibaş, S. Şen, Philip Hallinger
Despite the growing scholarly interest in the effects of principal leadership on student achievement, empirical evidence concerning how principal qualifications might be related to student learning outcomes has been limited. This study investigates the relationship between different principal qualifications (prior experience in teaching, principalship and other school management roles, formal education, principal training, and professional development) and student achievement by analyzing cross-national teaching and learning international survey and program on international student assessment data from seven countries. The results showed that experience in principalship and other school management positions, principal training, and participation in networking activities and teaching/pedagogy-focused seminars had small but statistically significant associations with student achievement, though the results were not consistent across different subjects. Level of education and years of teaching experience did not, however, predict student achievement. Implications of the findings are offered for policy and further research.
尽管越来越多的学者对校长领导对学生成绩的影响感兴趣,但关于校长资格如何与学生学习成果相关的经验证据有限。本研究透过分析七个国家的跨国教与学国际调查及国际学生评量资料,探讨不同校长资历(教学经验、校长及其他学校管理角色、正规教育、校长训练及专业发展)与学生成绩的关系。结果显示,担任校长和其他学校管理职位的经历、校长培训、参与网络活动和教学/教学法研讨会与学生成绩之间的关联虽小,但在统计上具有显著意义,尽管不同学科的结果并不一致。然而,教育水平和教学经验并不能预测学生的成绩。研究结果为政策和进一步研究提供了启示。
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引用次数: 2
How school leadership practices relate to student outcomes: Insights from a three-level meta-analysis 学校领导实践与学生成绩的关系:来自三层次元分析的见解
IF 3.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-03 DOI: 10.1177/17411432211061445
C. Tan, C. Dimmock, A. Walker
The present study aims to generate broad insights from the large corpus of literature on the associations between a comprehensive range of school leadership practices and student outcomes in different school contexts. Three-level meta-analysis of 493 independent effects from 108 studies published since 2000 showed that the mean effect size was small at r  = 0.14. Effect sizes for leadership practices ranged from r’s  = 0.10 to .26. Results underscored the importance of different types of leadership practices related to instructional management, enhancing teacher capacity, and engaging external stakeholders to improve student outcomes. School leadership practices were significantly associated with students’ academic achievement (in different subjects except science) and learning attitudes/processes but not attainment. Moderator analyses showed that school leadership effects were significant in studies using a school-level analysis but not in those using a lower-level of analysis. Additionally, school leadership effects were significant at different grade levels (G1–G6, G7–G12) and in research reported in different study types (articles, dissertations) and in different years (2000–2009, 2010–2018).
本研究旨在从大量文献中获得广泛的见解,了解在不同的学校背景下,全面的学校领导实践与学生成绩之间的联系。对2000年以来发表的108项研究的493个独立效应的三水平荟萃分析显示,平均效应大小很小,r = 0.14。领导实践的效应值从r = 0.10到0.26不等。结果强调了不同类型的领导实践的重要性,这些实践与教学管理、提高教师能力和吸引外部利益相关者来改善学生的成绩有关。学校领导实践与学生的学业成绩(除科学外)和学习态度/过程显著相关,但与成就无关。调节分析显示,学校领导效应在使用校级分析的研究中显著,而在使用低水平分析的研究中不显著。此外,学校领导效应在不同年级(G1-G6、G7-G12)、不同研究类型(文章、论文)和不同年份(2000-2009年、2010-2018年)均具有显著性。
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引用次数: 5
Leading educational reconstruction in post-conflict Cambodia: Perspectives of primary school leaders 冲突后柬埔寨领导教育重建:小学领导的观点
IF 3.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/17411432211058942
Thida Kheang Dr
Despite the growing academic interests in educational leadership recently, hardly any of it has focused on post-conflict situations. This paper seeks to generate an understanding of the perspectives of primary school leaders in post-conflict Cambodia on the issues they face in the process of educational reconstruction and development and the strategies they adopt to deal with those issues. A qualitative research approach within the interpretivist paradigm was adopted to guide the study. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data with 20 primary school leaders. Data were analysed using grounded theory data analysis methods, namely, open coding and analytic induction. The study argues that while there has been substantial progress in educational reconstruction generally in post-conflict Cambodia, primary school leaders face multiple issues in their day-to-day work. Some of the issues may be specifically attributed to the legacies of armed conflict and genocide while others may refer to the broader context of the developing world. The findings have implications for policy and practice in educational leadership and further research in the post-conflict and developing-country contexts.
尽管最近学术界对教育领导力的兴趣日益浓厚,但几乎没有人关注冲突后的局势。本文旨在了解冲突后柬埔寨小学领导人对他们在教育重建和发展过程中所面临的问题以及他们为处理这些问题所采取的战略的看法。本研究采用解释主义范式下的定性研究方法。采用半结构化访谈法对20名小学领导进行数据收集。数据分析采用扎根理论数据分析方法,即开放编码和分析归纳法。该研究认为,虽然冲突后柬埔寨的教育重建总体上取得了实质性进展,但小学领导在日常工作中面临着多重问题。其中一些问题可具体归因于武装冲突和种族灭绝的遗留问题,而另一些问题可能涉及发展中世界的更广泛背景。研究结果对教育领导的政策和实践以及冲突后和发展中国家背景下的进一步研究具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 1
School leadership writ small: Meetings and school principal practice 学校领导写小:会议和学校校长实践
IF 3.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/17411432211058939
Gopal Midha
This paper systematically reviews literature on meetings of the principal or principal meetings from 1970 to 2021. Even though meetings comprise the largest percentage of principal time, they have been overlooked as a topic of research. The purpose of this review is to study notations of meetings in academic literature and develop analytical insights on school leadership practice. The systematic literature search used keyword search, snowballing, and personal network references to yield 62 academic publications. The results of the review indicate that educational literature provides limited and often summative notations of principal meetings. Importantly, the limited notations are still able to illuminate and nuance three dimensions of school principalship – bridging, bending, and balancing. Further, three possible conceptualizations of principal meetings as waste of time, familiar events, and intervention tools provide analytical insights into meetings as a microcosm of school principal practice. Implications for theory, practice, and further research are provided.
本文系统地回顾了1970年至2021年关于校长会议或校长会议的文献。尽管会议占了主要时间的最大比例,但它们作为一个研究主题却被忽视了。本综述的目的是研究学术文献中的会议符号,并发展对学校领导实践的分析见解。系统文献检索采用关键词检索、滚雪球法和个人网络参考等方法,共检索到62篇学术论文。回顾的结果表明,教育文献提供了有限的,往往是总结性的主要会议的笔记。重要的是,有限的符号仍然能够阐明和细微差别学校校长的三个维度-桥梁,弯曲和平衡。此外,将校长会议定义为浪费时间、熟悉事件和干预工具的三种可能的概念提供了对会议作为学校校长实践缩影的分析见解。为理论、实践和进一步研究提供了启示。
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引用次数: 2
The scheme of delegation as a sensemaking framework in multi-academy trusts in England: Useful tool or constraint? 英国多学院信托中的委托方案:有用的工具还是约束?
IF 3.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/17411432211051907
Jacqueline Baxter, K. Jewitt
Changes to the structure of English education because of decentralisation policy, particularly since 2010, have resulted in the creation of large groupings of schools – multi-academy trusts, organisations with multi-level governance structures, set out in schemes of delegation. Although the government has demanded absolute clarity on the role and remit of each part of the structure and the relationship and reporting between them, recent research suggests that there is little clarity or consistency in the role and function of board structures, with members often confused about their roles. This study draws on data from a funded project to examine: What level of consistency there is in multi-academy trust schemes of delegation, and what evidence is there that schemes of delegation align with sensemaking models of board members? The article concludes with a discussion on what the findings imply for use of schemes of delegation as useful tools for board member sensemaking in multi-academy trusts; revealing that although they can be useful tools for sensemaking, their usage varies a great deal between boards and board members.
由于分权政策,特别是自2010年以来,英国教育结构的变化导致了大型学校集团的创建——多学院信托基金,具有多层次治理结构的组织,在委托计划中规定。尽管政府要求绝对明确董事会结构中每个部分的角色和职权范围,以及它们之间的关系和报告,但最近的研究表明,董事会结构的角色和功能几乎不明确或不一致,成员经常对自己的角色感到困惑。本研究利用一个资助项目的数据来检验:多学院委托信托方案的一致性水平如何,委托方案与董事会成员的意义构建模型相一致的证据有哪些?文章最后讨论了研究结果对在多学院信托中使用授权方案作为董事会成员意义制定的有用工具的含义;这表明,尽管它们可以成为有用的语义构建工具,但它们的使用在董事会和董事会成员之间差异很大。
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引用次数: 1
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Educational Management Administration & Leadership
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