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Disability Expertise and Large Language Models: A Qualitative Study of Autistic TikTok Creators’ Use of ChatGPT 残疾专业知识与大型语言模型:自闭症 TikTok 创作者使用 ChatGPT 的定性研究
IF 5.2 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1177/20563051241279549
Kellan McNally, Kathryn Wright, Lauri Goldkind, Shanna K. Kattari, Bryan G. Victor
The purpose of this study was to describe how autistic TikTok creators are using ChatGPT across various domains of their lives, their motivations for doing so, and resulting impacts. Using a framework of “disability expertise,” we document the knowledge that creators acquired through use of ChatGPT and then shared with peers via social media. We used deductive qualitative methods to analyze 25 TikTok videos from 25 unique creators. Themes were identified in connection with motivations for the use of ChatGPT, settings in which it was used, applications of this technology, and resulting impacts for creators. Findings indicate that autistic creators were motivated to use ChatGPT to navigate neurotypical environments, manage features of their neurodivergence, and unmask, with the technology often serving as a digital coach, communication assistant, and conversational partner. Use of ChatGPT resulted in harm reduction, time and energy savings, positive emotional experiences, and meaningful accomplishments in both personal and professional settings. These findings indicate that ChatGPT serves as an important resource for many autistic individuals, facilitating accommodations to often inaccessible environments and helping users manage stressors and pursue goals. The study also highlights the significance of social media platforms for disseminating disability expertise related to the use of large language models to improve quality of life.
本研究旨在描述自闭症 TikTok 创作者如何在其生活的各个领域使用 ChatGPT,他们这样做的动机,以及由此产生的影响。我们使用 "残疾专业知识 "框架,记录了创作者通过使用 ChatGPT 获得的知识,然后通过社交媒体与同伴分享。我们使用演绎定性方法分析了 25 位创作者的 25 个 TikTok 视频。我们确定了与使用 ChatGPT 的动机、使用环境、该技术的应用以及对创作者产生的影响有关的主题。研究结果表明,自闭症创作者使用 ChatGPT 的动机是浏览神经典型环境、管理其神经分歧的特征以及揭开面具,该技术通常充当数字教练、交流助手和对话伙伴。使用 ChatGPT 可以减少伤害,节省时间和精力,获得积极的情感体验,并在个人和职业环境中取得有意义的成就。这些研究结果表明,对于许多自闭症患者来说,ChatGPT 是一种重要的资源,可以帮助他们适应通常无法进入的环境,并帮助用户管理压力和追求目标。这项研究还强调了社交媒体平台对于传播与使用大型语言模型提高生活质量有关的残疾专业知识的重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Mediated Sexual and Romantic Learning on TikTok: The Dating Wrapped Trend TikTok 上的中介性学习和浪漫学习:约会包装趋势
IF 5.2 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1177/20563051241279255
Emily A. Mendelson, Jacob Kenton Smith
The Dating Wrapped trend on TikTok takes inspiration from Spotify’s annual Wrapped event where Spotify users are presented with their year-end listening statistics. Dating Wrapped repackages fundamental components of Spotify’s Wrapped—a focus on aesthetics, PowerPoint-like presentation of information, and quantification of personal experiences—but does so in the context of interpersonal relationships as a dating year-in-review video on TikTok. This article applies a content analysis and critical thematic analysis to 54 TikTok videos with the hashtag DatingWrapped as a way to understand how sensemaking about sexual and romantic relationships occurs when individuals create content centered around self-disclosures of intimate experiences. Ultimately, we argue that trends such as Dating Wrapped provide opportunities for personal expression among emerging adults who use TikTok, the efficacy of which is enhanced by attention to data visualization within its presentation format. Second, TikTok trends centered around interpersonal relationships may influence the formation of sexual and romantic identities through processes of mediated learning about relationships.
TikTok 上的 Dating Wrapped 趋势从 Spotify 的年度 Wrapped 活动中获得灵感,在该活动中,Spotify 会向用户展示其年终收听统计数据。Dating Wrapped 重新包装了 Spotify Wrapped 的基本要素--注重美感、PowerPoint 式的信息展示和个人经历的量化--但在人际关系的背景下将其作为 TikTok 上的约会年度回顾视频。本文运用内容分析和批判性主题分析法,对 54 个带有标签 "DatingWrapped "的 TikTok 视频进行了分析,以了解当个人围绕亲密经历的自我披露创建内容时,如何对性关系和恋爱关系进行感知。最终,我们认为,"约会包装 "等趋势为使用 TikTok 的新兴成年人提供了个人表达的机会,而在其展示格式中对数据可视化的关注则增强了这种表达的效果。其次,以人际关系为中心的 TikTok 趋势可能会通过以人际关系为媒介的学习过程,影响性身份和浪漫身份的形成。
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引用次数: 0
“The Future Is Bright! Is It?”: Investigating Effects of Hopeful Mental Health Content and Endorsement Cues on Social Media "未来是光明的!是吗?调查社交媒体上充满希望的心理健康内容和认可线索的影响
IF 5.2 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/20563051241277603
Elien Beelen, Kathrin Karsay
Mental health content on social media usually highlights positive emotions, especially hope. This article presents an experimental study on the effects of hopeful social media posts on Instagram. Drawing on appraisal theory and the phenomenon of spillover effects, we developed a 2 × 2 between-subjects post-test experiment, where we manipulated the message type (i.e., hope message vs. control condition) and the level of endorsement (i.e., high vs. low number of likes) of Instagram posts. Following exposure to our media stimuli, we studied the effects on subsequent levels of hope, life satisfaction, mental health stigma, willingness to disclose about mental health, and willingness to provide support on social media among a sample of n = 479 young adults ( Mage = 20.97 years, SD = 2.10). Our pre-registered analysis revealed no significant main or interaction effects in the predicted direction. We discuss the findings in the context of health communication, reflect the study’s limitations, and provide suggestions for future research.
社交媒体上的心理健康内容通常强调积极情绪,尤其是希望。本文介绍了一项关于 Instagram 上充满希望的社交媒体帖子效果的实验研究。借鉴评价理论和溢出效应现象,我们开发了一个 2 × 2 的被试间后测实验,在实验中,我们操纵了 Instagram 帖子的信息类型(即希望信息与对照条件)和认可程度(即高赞数与低赞数)。在接触我们的媒体刺激后,我们研究了其对后续希望水平、生活满意度、心理健康耻辱感、披露心理健康的意愿以及在社交媒体上提供支持的意愿的影响,研究对象为 n = 479 名年轻人(年龄 = 20.97 岁,SD = 2.10)。我们的预注册分析表明,在预测的方向上没有明显的主效应或交互效应。我们从健康传播的角度讨论了这些发现,反映了研究的局限性,并为今后的研究提供了建议。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Battlegrounds: The Interplay of Social Media, State Power, and Influencers in Türkiye’s Earthquake Response 数字战场:图尔基耶地震应对中社交媒体、国家权力和影响者的相互作用
IF 5.2 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/20563051241269305
Duygu Karataş, Mine Gencel Bek
This study examines the critical role of Twitter (X) in crisis communication during the earthquake that struck Türkiye on 6 February 2023, focusing on how two prominent influencers, Haluk Levent and Oğuzhan Uğur, effectively utilized the platform in response to the disaster. Analysis of highly retweeted posts and engagement rates for tweets collected using related keywords—“ahbap,” “babalatv,” “haluklevent,” and “oguzhanugur”—reveals how Twitter served not only for functions such as sharing locations for rescue operations, information dissemination, organization, and fundraising but also for defense against attacks and criticism of the government. Furthermore, Twitter emerged as a digital battleground where power struggles unfolded between the state and activist influencers. This study addresses this oversight by examining how Twitter functions not merely as a tool for communication and aid coordination but also as an arena of political contestation, filling a critical gap in understanding the role of social media. It underscores the critical need to consider the underlying political dynamics that social media interactions bring to the forefront during emergencies.
本研究探讨了推特(X)在 2023 年 2 月 6 日土耳其地震期间的危机公关中发挥的关键作用,重点研究了两位有影响力的名人哈鲁克-莱文特(Haluk Levent)和奥古赞-乌古尔(Oğuzhan Uğur)如何有效利用推特平台应对灾难。通过分析使用相关关键词--"ahbap"、"babalatv"、"haluklevent "和 "oguzhanugur"--收集到的高转发率帖子和参与率推文,揭示了推特不仅在分享救援地点、信息传播、组织和筹款等方面发挥了作用,还在抵御攻击和批评政府方面发挥了作用。此外,推特还成为了国家和有影响力的活动家之间展开权力斗争的数字战场。本研究针对这一疏忽,探讨了 Twitter 不仅作为沟通和援助协调工具,还作为政治角逐舞台的功能,填补了了解社交媒体作用的重要空白。它强调了在紧急情况下考虑社交媒体互动所带来的潜在政治动态的迫切需要。
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引用次数: 0
Empowered or Constrained in Platform Governance? An Analysis of Twitter Users’ Responses to Elon Musk’s Takeover 平台治理中的赋权还是受限?推特用户对埃隆-马斯克收购的反应分析
IF 5.2 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/20563051241277606
Rui Wang, Yini Zhang, Jiyoun Suk, Sara Holland Levin
Centering on social media’s public- and profit-oriented nature, this study theorizes how social media users are empowered and constrained when participating in platform governance through user-initiated expressions on platforms. The empirical analysis focuses on user responses before and after Elon Musk’s official acquisition of Twitter, utilizing cluster analysis and topic modeling to examine the volume and content of related discourses among different Twitter user groups. Our results point to user constraint in platform governance. Although a diverse set of users, such as partisans, bots, and cryptocurrency enthusiasts, spoke up, they had diverging and sometimes conflicting objectives; and partisans dominated the conversations. There was an upsurge in user volume and activity level post-acquisition among liberal users, whose critical voices on platform governance might have bolstered platform business. Potential bots also increased in volume and amplified political topics. Our findings shed light on the challenges of user-driven platform governance, underscoring the complex interplay between platform users, economy, and governance.
本研究以社交媒体的公共性和营利性为中心,通过用户在平台上的自发表达,从理论上探讨了社交媒体用户在参与平台治理时是如何被赋予权力和受到制约的。实证分析的重点是埃隆-马斯克正式收购推特前后的用户反应,利用聚类分析和主题建模来研究不同推特用户群体中相关论述的数量和内容。我们的研究结果表明了用户在平台管理中的制约因素。虽然党派人士、机器人和加密货币爱好者等不同用户群体都发表了意见,但他们的目标各不相同,有时甚至相互冲突;党派人士主导了对话。收购后,自由派用户的用户量和活跃度激增,他们对平台治理的批评声音可能会促进平台业务的发展。潜在机器人的数量也有所增加,并放大了政治话题。我们的研究结果揭示了用户驱动的平台治理所面临的挑战,强调了平台用户、经济和治理之间复杂的相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Online Disinhibition, Normative Hostility, and Banal Toxicity: Young People’s Negative Online Gaming Conduct 在线抑制、规范敌意和平庸毒性:青少年消极的网络游戏行为
IF 5.2 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/20563051241274669
Mikko Meriläinen, Maria Ruotsalainen
In this study, we examine young people’s self-reported negative (“toxic”) online gaming conduct via a qualitative survey ( N = 95) of active game players aged 15–25 in Finland. Drawing from young people’s lived experiences, we present negative gaming conduct as a complex whole, stemming from a combination of online disinhibition, affective intensity, game cultural conduct norms, and individual preferences. We explore online gaming environments as spaces with different technological and communicative affordances. In this study, we demonstrate how not all negative gaming conduct is equal in intent or outcome and introduce the concept of banal toxicity: outwardly hostile but routine conduct that lacks emotional intensity and serves little strategic purpose yet is conducive to an overall social landscape of negativity.
在本研究中,我们通过对芬兰 15-25 岁活跃游戏玩家的定性调查(95 人),研究了年轻人自我报告的消极("有毒")在线游戏行为。根据年轻人的生活经验,我们将消极游戏行为视为一个复杂的整体,源于网络抑制、情感强度、游戏文化行为规范和个人偏好的综合作用。我们将网络游戏环境视为具有不同技术和交流能力的空间。在这项研究中,我们展示了并非所有消极游戏行为在意图或结果上都是相同的,并引入了 "平庸毒性 "的概念:表面上充满敌意,但缺乏情感强度的常规行为,几乎没有战略目的,但却有利于形成消极的整体社会景观。
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引用次数: 0
Live Free and Die: How Social Media Amplify Populist Vaccine Resistance 自由生存与死亡:社交媒体如何放大民众对疫苗的抵触情绪
IF 5.2 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/20563051241277293
Andrew Rojecki, Viki Askounis Conner, Peter Royal
The COVID-19 pandemic led to over one million American deaths, disproportionately suffered by those who resisted vaccination by championing individual autonomy over the collective good. The article takes as its point of departure that vaccine resistance is a recurring phenomenon in U.S. history with multiple origins. Among these are the absence of a consistent approach to public health policy—the combined result of the absence of federal police power—and tensions between the public good and libertarian values. The latest instance of populist resistance was assisted by changes in the information system. Relying on several lines of research, we specify a model of group identification that highlights social media’s role in this latest eruption of opposition. A key element is an attentive public that selectively shares information based on reputational concerns. We test our model by applying frame analysis on a body of data drawn from U.S.-based news content and audience reactions on Facebook.
COVID-19 大流行导致一百多万美国人死亡,而那些因崇尚个人自主而非集体利益而抵制接种疫苗的人则遭受了极大的伤害。文章的出发点是,抵制疫苗接种是美国历史上反复出现的现象,其根源是多方面的。其中包括缺乏一致的公共卫生政策--联邦警察权缺失的综合结果--以及公益和自由主义价值观之间的紧张关系。最近一次民粹主义的反抗得益于信息系统的变化。基于多项研究,我们提出了一个群体认同模型,该模型强调了社交媒体在最近爆发的反对浪潮中所扮演的角色。其中一个关键因素是公众的关注度,他们会基于对声誉的担忧选择性地分享信息。我们对来自美国新闻内容和 Facebook 上受众反应的大量数据进行了框架分析,从而检验了我们的模型。
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引用次数: 0
Refugees’ Storytelling Strategies on Digital Media Platforms: How the Russia–Ukraine War Unfolded on TikTok 难民在数字媒体平台上讲故事的策略:俄乌战争如何在 TikTok 上展开
IF 5.2 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/20563051241279248
Sara Marino
The article discusses how TikTok has emerged as a platform for self-representation and political contestation during the Russia–Ukraine war. Shortly after the beginning of the conflict, journalists and broadcasters have begun to associate the events unfolding in those countries with the widespread use of this platform among young content creators, refugees, soldiers, and civilians. Described as the “first TikTok war” or as “WarTok,” the conflict in Ukraine represents an important example to look at to uncover the increasingly central role of platforms as spaces where conflicts can be witnessed, documented, and shared with global audiences in real time. The research findings illustrate how TikTok becomes a space where material and affective practices of “performed refugeeness” can become visible and viral due to its unique language, formatting style, and highly personalized narratives, while creating a transnational streaming of war-related discourses that not only bypass traditional circuits of news sharing, but also activate a digital care network that crosses borders and connects diverse digital publics. While the study is small scale to account for a more in-depth narrative analysis of TikTok videos, it nevertheless returns significant insights into refugees’ digital storytelling strategies in conflict areas.
文章讨论了在俄乌战争期间,TikTok 是如何成为自我展示和政治竞争的平台。冲突开始后不久,记者和广播公司就开始将这些国家发生的事件与年轻内容创作者、难民、士兵和平民广泛使用该平台联系起来。乌克兰的冲突被称为 "第一场 TikTok 战争 "或 "WarTok",它是一个重要的例子,揭示了平台作为可以见证、记录并与全球受众实时分享冲突的空间所发挥的日益重要的作用。研究结果说明了 TikTok 如何成为一个空间,在这个空间中,"表演性避难 "的物质和情感实践可以因其独特的语言、格式风格和高度个性化的叙事而变得可见和病毒化,同时创造出一种与战争有关的跨国话语流,这种话语流不仅绕过了传统的新闻分享渠道,而且还激活了一个跨越国界、连接不同数字公众的数字关怀网络。虽然这项研究规模较小,无法对 TikTok 视频进行更深入的叙事分析,但它为研究冲突地区难民的数字叙事策略提供了重要启示。
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引用次数: 0
How to Spark Joy: Strategies of Depoliticization in Platform’s Corporate Social Initiatives 如何激发快乐:平台企业社会倡议中的去政治化战略
IF 5.2 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/20563051241277601
Rebecca Scharlach
Despite social media companies’ public commitments to do good, they regularly face international criticism. This article explores how platforms engage in corporate public relations campaigns to negotiate social and political responsibilities. Through a qualitative analysis of the values promoted in the social initiative TikTok for Good, I show how TikTok promotes messages that amplify positivity, minimize negativity, and focus on individual well-being, while consistently assigning responsibility to other actors. Together, these strategies allow TikTok to symbolically empower users while maintaining control. I conceptualize these strategies that downplay and distance a company from conflicts associated with struggles over power as depoliticization by platforms. This study highlights platform companies’ soft forms of governance and demonstrates how the analysis of platform values allows researchers to cut through the strategic vagueness of claims to do good.
尽管社交媒体公司公开承诺要做好事,但它们经常面临国际批评。本文探讨了平台如何参与企业公关活动,以协商社会和政治责任。通过对社会倡议 "TikTok 善 "所倡导的价值观进行定性分析,我展示了 TikTok 是如何在推广积极信息、减少消极信息、关注个人福祉的同时,不断将责任推给其他参与者的。这些策略使 TikTok 在保持控制的同时,象征性地赋予用户权力。我将这些淡化和疏远公司与权力斗争相关冲突的策略概念化为平台的去政治化。本研究强调了平台公司的软性治理形式,并展示了对平台价值观的分析是如何让研究人员突破善行主张的战略模糊性的。
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引用次数: 0
The Process of Personal Social Media for Work: Unveiling the “Work” Behind Social Media 个人社交媒体的工作流程:揭开社交媒体背后的 "工作 "面纱
IF 5.2 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1177/20563051241277313
Stephanie L. Dailey, Madeline Martinson
Many employees are engaging in personal social media for work (PSMW), which involves posting work-related content from a user’s individual social-media account. Despite quantitative studies demonstrating the presence and outcomes of talking about work on social media, scholars know little about the process of using PSMW. To fill this gap, the current study uses social identity theory and boundary theory as conceptual frames to learn why and how people engage in PSMW. Through analyzing interview and observational data from employees’ social media across a variety of industries and work arrangements, we present a model of PSMW. Our findings contribute to scholarship in at least three ways. First, this study exposes the “work” behind PSMW through a pattern of Labored Worklife: a paradox of communicating both authentically and strategically. Second, our findings show PSMW as a distinctive, flexible way through which workers can traverse complicated work and non-work borders and communicate multiple (even conflicting) identities on social media. Third, this project suggests connections between PSMW and scholarship surrounding emotion at work.
许多员工都在使用个人工作社交媒体(PSMW),即通过用户的个人社交媒体账户发布与工作相关的内容。尽管定量研究证明了在社交媒体上谈论工作的存在和结果,但学者们对使用 PSMW 的过程知之甚少。为了填补这一空白,本研究将社会认同理论和边界理论作为概念框架,以了解人们为什么以及如何参与 PSMW。通过分析来自不同行业和工作安排的员工社交媒体的访谈和观察数据,我们提出了一个 PSMW 模型。我们的研究结果至少在三个方面为学术研究做出了贡献。首先,本研究通过 "劳累的工作生活"(Labored Worklife)模式揭示了 PSMW 背后的 "工作":一种既真实又有策略的沟通悖论。其次,我们的研究结果表明,PSMW 是一种独特而灵活的方式,工人可以通过这种方式跨越复杂的工作和非工作边界,并在社交媒体上交流多重(甚至是相互冲突的)身份。第三,本项目提出了 PSMW 与围绕工作情绪的学术研究之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
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