Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2227562
Allison C. Drody, Brandon C. W. Ralph, J. Danckert, D. Smilek
{"title":"Do Rising Opportunity Costs Lead to Increases in Media Multitasking Over Time?","authors":"Allison C. Drody, Brandon C. W. Ralph, J. Danckert, D. Smilek","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2227562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2227562","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42912345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2222529
C. Carr, Mary C. Katreeb, Ertemisa P. Godinez
{"title":"Temporal Impacts of Problematic Social Media Content on Perceived Employee Hirability","authors":"C. Carr, Mary C. Katreeb, Ertemisa P. Godinez","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2222529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2222529","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45369915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2219457
Lindsay S. Hahn, Ron Tamborini, Melinda R. Aley, Joshua Baldwin, Sara M. Grady
{"title":"Early Adolescents Can Extract Distinct Moral Lessons from Narrative Media Content","authors":"Lindsay S. Hahn, Ron Tamborini, Melinda R. Aley, Joshua Baldwin, Sara M. Grady","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2219457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2219457","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47787859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2219456
K. Schibler, Lindsay S. Hahn, M. Green
{"title":"Investigating Responses to Narrative Cliffhangers Using Affective Disposition Theory","authors":"K. Schibler, Lindsay S. Hahn, M. Green","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2219456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2219456","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41484167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2211774
Erin T. Simister, Victoria M. E. Bridgland, Paul Williamson, Melanie K. T. Takarangi
ABSTRACT Instagram’s sensitive-content screens seek to minimize engagement with negative content by blurring sensitive images and providing a warning. However, the very design of sensitive-content screens may elicit uncertainty/curiosity and prompt information-seeking behaviors: congruent with the information-gap hypothesis. To test this idea experimentally, we presented participants with screened negative images accompanied by a brief, detailed, or no content description, during a simulated Instagram task. Participants viewed screens one at a time and uncovered at their discretion. In line with our predictions, people uncovered screens irrespective of description type, but did so most often with no description. Most participants indicated that knowing what the sensitive content contained bolstered their ability to make an informed decision. These results have implications; information provided alongside sensitive-content screens can influence engagement and therefore should be considered as part of sensitive-content guidelines.
{"title":"Mind the Information-Gap: Instagram’s Sensitive-Content Screens are More Likely to Deter People from Viewing Potentially Distressing Content When They Provide Information About the Content","authors":"Erin T. Simister, Victoria M. E. Bridgland, Paul Williamson, Melanie K. T. Takarangi","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2211774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2211774","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Instagram’s sensitive-content screens seek to minimize engagement with negative content by blurring sensitive images and providing a warning. However, the very design of sensitive-content screens may elicit uncertainty/curiosity and prompt information-seeking behaviors: congruent with the information-gap hypothesis. To test this idea experimentally, we presented participants with screened negative images accompanied by a brief, detailed, or no content description, during a simulated Instagram task. Participants viewed screens one at a time and uncovered at their discretion. In line with our predictions, people uncovered screens irrespective of description type, but did so most often with no description. Most participants indicated that knowing what the sensitive content contained bolstered their ability to make an informed decision. These results have implications; information provided alongside sensitive-content screens can influence engagement and therefore should be considered as part of sensitive-content guidelines.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47299307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2215447
K. Fitzgerald, C. Francemone, M. Green, M. Grizzard, R. Frazer
ABSTRACT The dynamics of the emotional experience during message consumption, referred to as emotional flow, is hypothesized to be an important and influential element of message reception processes. In this article, we propose and validate a scale for measuring self-reported experiences of emotional flow following exposure to a message. Items were derived from Nabi and Green’s initial theorizing and the final 6-item measurement model demonstrated good fit using data from seven studies (NTotal = 2,626). Measurement invariance tests supported the stability of the scale across written versus audio-visual narrative stimuli, participant sex and age, and two sample populations (student versus non-student). Finally, we present evidence of construct validity through an experimental study that manipulated and assessed emotional shifts during exposure to media content, where the scale was able to account for these emotional shifts. These findings suggest that the Emotional Flow Scale provides a valid instrument for measuring experiences of emotional flow.
{"title":"The Emotional Flow Scale: Validating a Measure of Dynamic Emotional Experiences in Message Reception","authors":"K. Fitzgerald, C. Francemone, M. Green, M. Grizzard, R. Frazer","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2215447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2215447","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The dynamics of the emotional experience during message consumption, referred to as emotional flow, is hypothesized to be an important and influential element of message reception processes. In this article, we propose and validate a scale for measuring self-reported experiences of emotional flow following exposure to a message. Items were derived from Nabi and Green’s initial theorizing and the final 6-item measurement model demonstrated good fit using data from seven studies (NTotal = 2,626). Measurement invariance tests supported the stability of the scale across written versus audio-visual narrative stimuli, participant sex and age, and two sample populations (student versus non-student). Finally, we present evidence of construct validity through an experimental study that manipulated and assessed emotional shifts during exposure to media content, where the scale was able to account for these emotional shifts. These findings suggest that the Emotional Flow Scale provides a valid instrument for measuring experiences of emotional flow.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43997030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-21DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2211773
Joomi Lee, A. Eden
ABSTRACT Video game players actively interact with the virtual world, altering the content of the environment and their subsequent behaviors in meaningful ways. This study investigates how motivational processes shape user behavior, based on a framework combining approach-avoidance motivation and game affordances. The primary hypotheses predicted that in-game threats and resources shape the initial motivation to explore game affordances at variable patterns. Using a custom-designed game with varying threats and resources, an experiment (N = 125) examined user behavior during various motivationally relevant in-game contexts (e.g., night, day, low-threat, and high-threat). We found that players adaptively employ game affordances to gain benefits and avoid threats, and individual differences in trait-level motivational reactivity moderated these effects, forming distinctive behavioral patterns in creative activities and combat. These findings clarify motivation and affordances as key shapers of user behavior in games and demonstrate that gameplay is made up of discrete, environmentally adaptive behaviors.
{"title":"How Motivation and Digital Affordances Shape User Behavior in a Virtual World","authors":"Joomi Lee, A. Eden","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2211773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2211773","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Video game players actively interact with the virtual world, altering the content of the environment and their subsequent behaviors in meaningful ways. This study investigates how motivational processes shape user behavior, based on a framework combining approach-avoidance motivation and game affordances. The primary hypotheses predicted that in-game threats and resources shape the initial motivation to explore game affordances at variable patterns. Using a custom-designed game with varying threats and resources, an experiment (N = 125) examined user behavior during various motivationally relevant in-game contexts (e.g., night, day, low-threat, and high-threat). We found that players adaptively employ game affordances to gain benefits and avoid threats, and individual differences in trait-level motivational reactivity moderated these effects, forming distinctive behavioral patterns in creative activities and combat. These findings clarify motivation and affordances as key shapers of user behavior in games and demonstrate that gameplay is made up of discrete, environmentally adaptive behaviors.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":"26 1","pages":"551 - 578"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49261560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2206140
M. Robinson, Megan A. Vendemia
ABSTRACT Guided by the self- and affect–management (SESAM) model, the current study employed a selective exposure quasi-experimental design in which women (N = 381; Mage = 31.50, SD = 4.89) chose a narrative genre (romance or career) they would like to read, featuring a thin or large character with low or high body esteem, to examine individual differences that influence story selections and subsequent impacts on their self-concepts. Results indicated participants’ salient self-concepts pertaining to romance and career predicted story genre selection. Participants with higher BMI were more inclined to read narratives featuring a large character. Those who read about thin characters with high body esteem reported the highest state appearance esteem. Participants who read about large, high body esteem characters reported more positive affect than those who read about thin, low body esteem characters. Perceived discrepancies between oneself and the character dampened some positive impacts of exposure to high body esteem characters with greater discrepancies resulting in lower state appearance esteem and less positive affect. Implications for self-consistency in media selection and the role of self-discrepancy are discussed.
{"title":"How Activated Self-Concepts Influence Selection and Processing of Body-Positive Narratives","authors":"M. Robinson, Megan A. Vendemia","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2206140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2206140","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Guided by the self- and affect–management (SESAM) model, the current study employed a selective exposure quasi-experimental design in which women (N = 381; Mage = 31.50, SD = 4.89) chose a narrative genre (romance or career) they would like to read, featuring a thin or large character with low or high body esteem, to examine individual differences that influence story selections and subsequent impacts on their self-concepts. Results indicated participants’ salient self-concepts pertaining to romance and career predicted story genre selection. Participants with higher BMI were more inclined to read narratives featuring a large character. Those who read about thin characters with high body esteem reported the highest state appearance esteem. Participants who read about large, high body esteem characters reported more positive affect than those who read about thin, low body esteem characters. Perceived discrepancies between oneself and the character dampened some positive impacts of exposure to high body esteem characters with greater discrepancies resulting in lower state appearance esteem and less positive affect. Implications for self-consistency in media selection and the role of self-discrepancy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43891302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2210841
Katherine R. Dale, J. T. Fisher, Jia Liao, Ethan Grinberg
ABSTRACT Emotions have long been regarded as a central component of the entertainment media experience. The present study combines computational analysis and quantitative content analysis to analyze the emotional arcs of inspirational media content and associated elicitors of self-transcendent emotions in order to develop a more comprehensive understanding of inspirational media. Results demonstrate that inspirational movies can be characterized by a positive shift in sentiment at the end of the narrative and multiple shifts between relatively negative and relatively positive sentiment throughout the story. Furthermore, the “peaks” and “valleys” in the emotional arcs are associated with the presence of differing inspirational elicitors, and the presence of certain elicitors (such as kindness/moral goodness) within a scene predicted positive shifts in the emotional arcs in the scenes following the elicitor.
{"title":"The Shape of Inspiration: Exploring the Emotional Arcs and Self-Transcendent Elicitors Within Inspirational Movies","authors":"Katherine R. Dale, J. T. Fisher, Jia Liao, Ethan Grinberg","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2210841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2210841","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Emotions have long been regarded as a central component of the entertainment media experience. The present study combines computational analysis and quantitative content analysis to analyze the emotional arcs of inspirational media content and associated elicitors of self-transcendent emotions in order to develop a more comprehensive understanding of inspirational media. Results demonstrate that inspirational movies can be characterized by a positive shift in sentiment at the end of the narrative and multiple shifts between relatively negative and relatively positive sentiment throughout the story. Furthermore, the “peaks” and “valleys” in the emotional arcs are associated with the presence of differing inspirational elicitors, and the presence of certain elicitors (such as kindness/moral goodness) within a scene predicted positive shifts in the emotional arcs in the scenes following the elicitor.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44577700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2208363
Wenjie Yan, Z. Pan
ABSTRACT How vulnerable are we to misinformation on social media? To address this question, this study examines not only how well (or poorly) individuals discern true and false news on social media, but also how contextual factors in news presentation and individual’s cognitive and motivational tendencies might shape the patterns of their beliefs in and likelihood to engage online news. We conducted an online survey experiment on a sample of Chinese social media users recruited from a national panel (N = 481). The results show that, first, people generally perceived social media news as accurate and were better at correctly identifying truthful news than false news, revealing both a truth bias and a veracity effect. Second, social endorsement cue and news content slant could affect how individuals judge the veracity of a news post and engage it online. Third, evidence was mixed on how individuals’ deliberative thinking propensity and epistemic motive operated. While our primary goal is to present evidence from a non-Western society to shed lights on the psychology of false news on social media, we also strive toward teasing out some implications specific to the China context.
{"title":"Believing and Sharing False News on Social Media: The Role of News Presentation, Epistemic Motives, and Deliberative Thinking","authors":"Wenjie Yan, Z. Pan","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2208363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2208363","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT How vulnerable are we to misinformation on social media? To address this question, this study examines not only how well (or poorly) individuals discern true and false news on social media, but also how contextual factors in news presentation and individual’s cognitive and motivational tendencies might shape the patterns of their beliefs in and likelihood to engage online news. We conducted an online survey experiment on a sample of Chinese social media users recruited from a national panel (N = 481). The results show that, first, people generally perceived social media news as accurate and were better at correctly identifying truthful news than false news, revealing both a truth bias and a veracity effect. Second, social endorsement cue and news content slant could affect how individuals judge the veracity of a news post and engage it online. Third, evidence was mixed on how individuals’ deliberative thinking propensity and epistemic motive operated. While our primary goal is to present evidence from a non-Western society to shed lights on the psychology of false news on social media, we also strive toward teasing out some implications specific to the China context.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41386107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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