Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2215447
K. Fitzgerald, C. Francemone, M. Green, M. Grizzard, R. Frazer
ABSTRACT The dynamics of the emotional experience during message consumption, referred to as emotional flow, is hypothesized to be an important and influential element of message reception processes. In this article, we propose and validate a scale for measuring self-reported experiences of emotional flow following exposure to a message. Items were derived from Nabi and Green’s initial theorizing and the final 6-item measurement model demonstrated good fit using data from seven studies (NTotal = 2,626). Measurement invariance tests supported the stability of the scale across written versus audio-visual narrative stimuli, participant sex and age, and two sample populations (student versus non-student). Finally, we present evidence of construct validity through an experimental study that manipulated and assessed emotional shifts during exposure to media content, where the scale was able to account for these emotional shifts. These findings suggest that the Emotional Flow Scale provides a valid instrument for measuring experiences of emotional flow.
{"title":"The Emotional Flow Scale: Validating a Measure of Dynamic Emotional Experiences in Message Reception","authors":"K. Fitzgerald, C. Francemone, M. Green, M. Grizzard, R. Frazer","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2215447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2215447","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The dynamics of the emotional experience during message consumption, referred to as emotional flow, is hypothesized to be an important and influential element of message reception processes. In this article, we propose and validate a scale for measuring self-reported experiences of emotional flow following exposure to a message. Items were derived from Nabi and Green’s initial theorizing and the final 6-item measurement model demonstrated good fit using data from seven studies (NTotal = 2,626). Measurement invariance tests supported the stability of the scale across written versus audio-visual narrative stimuli, participant sex and age, and two sample populations (student versus non-student). Finally, we present evidence of construct validity through an experimental study that manipulated and assessed emotional shifts during exposure to media content, where the scale was able to account for these emotional shifts. These findings suggest that the Emotional Flow Scale provides a valid instrument for measuring experiences of emotional flow.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43997030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-21DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2211773
Joomi Lee, A. Eden
ABSTRACT Video game players actively interact with the virtual world, altering the content of the environment and their subsequent behaviors in meaningful ways. This study investigates how motivational processes shape user behavior, based on a framework combining approach-avoidance motivation and game affordances. The primary hypotheses predicted that in-game threats and resources shape the initial motivation to explore game affordances at variable patterns. Using a custom-designed game with varying threats and resources, an experiment (N = 125) examined user behavior during various motivationally relevant in-game contexts (e.g., night, day, low-threat, and high-threat). We found that players adaptively employ game affordances to gain benefits and avoid threats, and individual differences in trait-level motivational reactivity moderated these effects, forming distinctive behavioral patterns in creative activities and combat. These findings clarify motivation and affordances as key shapers of user behavior in games and demonstrate that gameplay is made up of discrete, environmentally adaptive behaviors.
{"title":"How Motivation and Digital Affordances Shape User Behavior in a Virtual World","authors":"Joomi Lee, A. Eden","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2211773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2211773","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Video game players actively interact with the virtual world, altering the content of the environment and their subsequent behaviors in meaningful ways. This study investigates how motivational processes shape user behavior, based on a framework combining approach-avoidance motivation and game affordances. The primary hypotheses predicted that in-game threats and resources shape the initial motivation to explore game affordances at variable patterns. Using a custom-designed game with varying threats and resources, an experiment (N = 125) examined user behavior during various motivationally relevant in-game contexts (e.g., night, day, low-threat, and high-threat). We found that players adaptively employ game affordances to gain benefits and avoid threats, and individual differences in trait-level motivational reactivity moderated these effects, forming distinctive behavioral patterns in creative activities and combat. These findings clarify motivation and affordances as key shapers of user behavior in games and demonstrate that gameplay is made up of discrete, environmentally adaptive behaviors.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49261560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2206140
M. Robinson, Megan A. Vendemia
ABSTRACT Guided by the self- and affect–management (SESAM) model, the current study employed a selective exposure quasi-experimental design in which women (N = 381; Mage = 31.50, SD = 4.89) chose a narrative genre (romance or career) they would like to read, featuring a thin or large character with low or high body esteem, to examine individual differences that influence story selections and subsequent impacts on their self-concepts. Results indicated participants’ salient self-concepts pertaining to romance and career predicted story genre selection. Participants with higher BMI were more inclined to read narratives featuring a large character. Those who read about thin characters with high body esteem reported the highest state appearance esteem. Participants who read about large, high body esteem characters reported more positive affect than those who read about thin, low body esteem characters. Perceived discrepancies between oneself and the character dampened some positive impacts of exposure to high body esteem characters with greater discrepancies resulting in lower state appearance esteem and less positive affect. Implications for self-consistency in media selection and the role of self-discrepancy are discussed.
{"title":"How Activated Self-Concepts Influence Selection and Processing of Body-Positive Narratives","authors":"M. Robinson, Megan A. Vendemia","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2206140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2206140","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Guided by the self- and affect–management (SESAM) model, the current study employed a selective exposure quasi-experimental design in which women (N = 381; Mage = 31.50, SD = 4.89) chose a narrative genre (romance or career) they would like to read, featuring a thin or large character with low or high body esteem, to examine individual differences that influence story selections and subsequent impacts on their self-concepts. Results indicated participants’ salient self-concepts pertaining to romance and career predicted story genre selection. Participants with higher BMI were more inclined to read narratives featuring a large character. Those who read about thin characters with high body esteem reported the highest state appearance esteem. Participants who read about large, high body esteem characters reported more positive affect than those who read about thin, low body esteem characters. Perceived discrepancies between oneself and the character dampened some positive impacts of exposure to high body esteem characters with greater discrepancies resulting in lower state appearance esteem and less positive affect. Implications for self-consistency in media selection and the role of self-discrepancy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43891302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2210841
Katherine R. Dale, J. T. Fisher, Jia Liao, Ethan Grinberg
ABSTRACT Emotions have long been regarded as a central component of the entertainment media experience. The present study combines computational analysis and quantitative content analysis to analyze the emotional arcs of inspirational media content and associated elicitors of self-transcendent emotions in order to develop a more comprehensive understanding of inspirational media. Results demonstrate that inspirational movies can be characterized by a positive shift in sentiment at the end of the narrative and multiple shifts between relatively negative and relatively positive sentiment throughout the story. Furthermore, the “peaks” and “valleys” in the emotional arcs are associated with the presence of differing inspirational elicitors, and the presence of certain elicitors (such as kindness/moral goodness) within a scene predicted positive shifts in the emotional arcs in the scenes following the elicitor.
{"title":"The Shape of Inspiration: Exploring the Emotional Arcs and Self-Transcendent Elicitors Within Inspirational Movies","authors":"Katherine R. Dale, J. T. Fisher, Jia Liao, Ethan Grinberg","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2210841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2210841","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Emotions have long been regarded as a central component of the entertainment media experience. The present study combines computational analysis and quantitative content analysis to analyze the emotional arcs of inspirational media content and associated elicitors of self-transcendent emotions in order to develop a more comprehensive understanding of inspirational media. Results demonstrate that inspirational movies can be characterized by a positive shift in sentiment at the end of the narrative and multiple shifts between relatively negative and relatively positive sentiment throughout the story. Furthermore, the “peaks” and “valleys” in the emotional arcs are associated with the presence of differing inspirational elicitors, and the presence of certain elicitors (such as kindness/moral goodness) within a scene predicted positive shifts in the emotional arcs in the scenes following the elicitor.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44577700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2208363
Wenjie Yan, Z. Pan
ABSTRACT How vulnerable are we to misinformation on social media? To address this question, this study examines not only how well (or poorly) individuals discern true and false news on social media, but also how contextual factors in news presentation and individual’s cognitive and motivational tendencies might shape the patterns of their beliefs in and likelihood to engage online news. We conducted an online survey experiment on a sample of Chinese social media users recruited from a national panel (N = 481). The results show that, first, people generally perceived social media news as accurate and were better at correctly identifying truthful news than false news, revealing both a truth bias and a veracity effect. Second, social endorsement cue and news content slant could affect how individuals judge the veracity of a news post and engage it online. Third, evidence was mixed on how individuals’ deliberative thinking propensity and epistemic motive operated. While our primary goal is to present evidence from a non-Western society to shed lights on the psychology of false news on social media, we also strive toward teasing out some implications specific to the China context.
{"title":"Believing and Sharing False News on Social Media: The Role of News Presentation, Epistemic Motives, and Deliberative Thinking","authors":"Wenjie Yan, Z. Pan","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2208363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2208363","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT How vulnerable are we to misinformation on social media? To address this question, this study examines not only how well (or poorly) individuals discern true and false news on social media, but also how contextual factors in news presentation and individual’s cognitive and motivational tendencies might shape the patterns of their beliefs in and likelihood to engage online news. We conducted an online survey experiment on a sample of Chinese social media users recruited from a national panel (N = 481). The results show that, first, people generally perceived social media news as accurate and were better at correctly identifying truthful news than false news, revealing both a truth bias and a veracity effect. Second, social endorsement cue and news content slant could affect how individuals judge the veracity of a news post and engage it online. Third, evidence was mixed on how individuals’ deliberative thinking propensity and epistemic motive operated. While our primary goal is to present evidence from a non-Western society to shed lights on the psychology of false news on social media, we also strive toward teasing out some implications specific to the China context.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41386107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-23DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2204529
Lauren E. Knox, Sara R. Berzenski, Stefanie A. Drew
The COVID-19 pandemic saw a significant growth in the usage of videoconferencing platforms such as Zoom in academia – accompanied by greater reports of exhaustion and burnout associated with extensive video meetings from college students. Given that videoconferencing adoption will likely persist, it is critical to develop a psychometrically sound tool for the measurement of "Zoom fatigue.” However, current measures for Zoom fatigue fail to control for similarities to in-person meeting fatigue. Thus, we designed and validated a scale to measure Zoom fatigue, the Meeting Fatigue Scale for Videoconferencing (MFS-V) along with a companion scale to measure in-person meeting fatigue, the Meeting Fatigue Scale for In-Person (MFS-I). Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) revealed that the MFS-V and MFS-I had different factor structures, and provided evidence that Zoom fatigue is a conceptually distinct phenomenon from in-person meeting fatigue. This finding was supported by confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) that supported the fit of both factor structures. Both scales demonstrated strong reliability, convergent validity, divergent validity, and incremental validity over measures of general burnout and meeting duration and frequency. These results suggest the MFS-V and MFS-I are effective tools for assessing and understanding fatigue and burnout related to videoconferencing and in-person meeting attendance for students. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Media Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，学术界对Zoom等视频会议平台的使用大幅增加，同时大学生报告称，与大量视频会议相关的疲劳和倦怠也越来越多。鉴于视频会议的采用可能会持续下去，开发一种心理计量学上可靠的工具来测量“缩放疲劳”是至关重要的。然而，目前针对Zoom疲劳的措施未能控制与面对面会议疲劳的相似性。因此，我们设计并验证了一个测量缩放疲劳的量表，即视频会议会议疲劳量表(MFS-V)，以及一个测量面对面会议疲劳的配套量表，即面对面会议疲劳量表(MFS-I)。探索性因子分析(EFA)揭示了MFS-V和MFS-I具有不同的因子结构，并提供了证据，证明Zoom疲劳是一种概念上不同于面对面会议疲劳的现象。这一发现得到了验证性因素分析(CFA)的支持，该分析支持两种因素结构的拟合。两种量表的信度、收敛效度、发散效度和增量效度均高于一般倦怠和会议持续时间和频率。这些结果表明，MFS-V和MFS-I是评估和理解与视频会议和面对面会议出席相关的学生疲劳和倦怠的有效工具。媒体心理学的版权是Taylor & Francis Ltd的财产，未经版权所有者的明确书面许可，其内容不得复制或通过电子邮件发送到多个网站或发布到listserv。但是，用户可以打印、下载或通过电子邮件发送文章供个人使用。这可以删节。对副本的准确性不作任何保证。用户应参阅原始出版版本的材料的完整。(版权适用于所有人。)
{"title":"Measuring Zoom Fatigue in College Students: Development and Validation of the Meeting Fatigue Scale for Videoconferencing (MFS-V) and the Meeting Fatigue Scale for In-Person (MFS-I)","authors":"Lauren E. Knox, Sara R. Berzenski, Stefanie A. Drew","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2204529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2204529","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic saw a significant growth in the usage of videoconferencing platforms such as Zoom in academia – accompanied by greater reports of exhaustion and burnout associated with extensive video meetings from college students. Given that videoconferencing adoption will likely persist, it is critical to develop a psychometrically sound tool for the measurement of \"Zoom fatigue.” However, current measures for Zoom fatigue fail to control for similarities to in-person meeting fatigue. Thus, we designed and validated a scale to measure Zoom fatigue, the Meeting Fatigue Scale for Videoconferencing (MFS-V) along with a companion scale to measure in-person meeting fatigue, the Meeting Fatigue Scale for In-Person (MFS-I). Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) revealed that the MFS-V and MFS-I had different factor structures, and provided evidence that Zoom fatigue is a conceptually distinct phenomenon from in-person meeting fatigue. This finding was supported by confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) that supported the fit of both factor structures. Both scales demonstrated strong reliability, convergent validity, divergent validity, and incremental validity over measures of general burnout and meeting duration and frequency. These results suggest the MFS-V and MFS-I are effective tools for assessing and understanding fatigue and burnout related to videoconferencing and in-person meeting attendance for students. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Media Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59991070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-05DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2185259
Kennon M. Sheldon, Liudmila Titova
ABSTRACT Although some commentators assert that social media use (SMU) has large negative effects on peoples’ mental health, meta-analyses show the effect is tiny at best, implying that individual differences play an important role. We combined self-determination theory’s organismic integration and basic psychological needs mini-theories to address this issue. Our integrated process model stated that self-determined motivation for SMU affects the extent peoples’ relatedness needs are met during the activity, which in turn affects their subjective well-being (SWB). Cross-sectional study 1 found initial support for this model. Short-term longitudinal studies 2 and 3 assigned Ps to spend a few minutes on an enjoyable social media site (study 2) or on both an enjoyable and a less-enjoyable site (study 3), during the survey itself. In all three cases, self-determined motivation predicted relatedness need-satisfaction and enhanced SWB, after the experience. We conclude that, as with any behavior, peoples’ motivation for SMU matters. Without considering this, blanket statements about SMU effects are likely to be misleading.
{"title":"Social media use and well-being: testing an integrated self-determination theory model","authors":"Kennon M. Sheldon, Liudmila Titova","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2185259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2185259","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although some commentators assert that social media use (SMU) has large negative effects on peoples’ mental health, meta-analyses show the effect is tiny at best, implying that individual differences play an important role. We combined self-determination theory’s organismic integration and basic psychological needs mini-theories to address this issue. Our integrated process model stated that self-determined motivation for SMU affects the extent peoples’ relatedness needs are met during the activity, which in turn affects their subjective well-being (SWB). Cross-sectional study 1 found initial support for this model. Short-term longitudinal studies 2 and 3 assigned Ps to spend a few minutes on an enjoyable social media site (study 2) or on both an enjoyable and a less-enjoyable site (study 3), during the survey itself. In all three cases, self-determined motivation predicted relatedness need-satisfaction and enhanced SWB, after the experience. We conclude that, as with any behavior, peoples’ motivation for SMU matters. Without considering this, blanket statements about SMU effects are likely to be misleading.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46592881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2180647
Carly A. McComb, E. Vanman, S. Tobin
ABSTRACT Social media have become a pervasive part of contemporary culture and are an essential part of the daily lives of an increasing number of people. Its popularity has brought unlimited opportunities to compare oneself with other people. This meta-analysis combined and summarized the findings of previous experimental research, with the aim of generating causal conclusions regarding the effects of exposure to upward comparison targets on self-evaluations and emotions in a social media context. We identified 48 articles involving 7679 participants through a systematic search and entered 118 effect sizes into a multilevel, random-effects meta-analysis. Analyses revealed an overall negative effect of upward social comparison relative to downward comparison and controls on social media users’ self-evaluations and emotions (g = −0.24, p < .001). Specifically, there were significant negative effects of upward comparison on each outcome variable: body image (g = −0.31, p < .001), subjective well-being (g = −0.19, p < .001), mental health (g = −0.21, p < .001) and self-esteem (g = −0.21, p < .001). This meta-analysis indicates that contrast is the dominant response to upward comparison on social media, which results in negative self-evaluations and emotions.
社交媒体已经成为当代文化中无处不在的一部分，是越来越多的人日常生活中必不可少的一部分。它的流行带来了无限的机会来比较自己和别人。本荟萃分析结合并总结了之前的实验研究结果，旨在得出关于社交媒体背景下向上比较目标对自我评价和情绪的影响的因果结论。我们通过系统检索确定了48篇涉及7679名参与者的文章，并将118个效应量输入到一个多层次、随机效应的meta分析中。分析显示，向上的社会比较相对于向下的比较和控制对社交媒体用户的自我评价和情绪的总体负面影响(g = - 0.24, p < .001)。具体来说，向上比较对每个结果变量都有显著的负面影响:身体形象(g = - 0.31, p < .001)、主观幸福感(g = - 0.19, p < .001)、心理健康(g = - 0.21, p < .001)和自尊(g = - 0.21, p < .001)。这一荟萃分析表明，对比是对社交媒体上向上比较的主要反应，这导致了消极的自我评价和情绪。
{"title":"A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Social Media Exposure to Upward Comparison Targets on Self-Evaluations and Emotions","authors":"Carly A. McComb, E. Vanman, S. Tobin","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2180647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2180647","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Social media have become a pervasive part of contemporary culture and are an essential part of the daily lives of an increasing number of people. Its popularity has brought unlimited opportunities to compare oneself with other people. This meta-analysis combined and summarized the findings of previous experimental research, with the aim of generating causal conclusions regarding the effects of exposure to upward comparison targets on self-evaluations and emotions in a social media context. We identified 48 articles involving 7679 participants through a systematic search and entered 118 effect sizes into a multilevel, random-effects meta-analysis. Analyses revealed an overall negative effect of upward social comparison relative to downward comparison and controls on social media users’ self-evaluations and emotions (g = −0.24, p < .001). Specifically, there were significant negative effects of upward comparison on each outcome variable: body image (g = −0.31, p < .001), subjective well-being (g = −0.19, p < .001), mental health (g = −0.21, p < .001) and self-esteem (g = −0.21, p < .001). This meta-analysis indicates that contrast is the dominant response to upward comparison on social media, which results in negative self-evaluations and emotions.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45181478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2169467
Marie-Louise Mares
ABSTRACT Do ingroup celebrities yield psychological benefits or costs for marginalized youth? Might outgroup celebrities prompt a sense of connection and thereby also yield benefits? In two experiments (the latter a replication six years later with different exemplars), Asian American (n1 = 85, n2 = 205) and US Hispanic (n1 = 135, n2 = 220) teens were randomized to see ingroup celebrity profiles, outgroup celebrity profiles, or no-exposure control. In both studies, ingroup celebrities (vs. control) increased Asian American teens’ self-esteem, but not via hypothesized effects on ingroup warmth or pride. In Study 1, Hispanic teens showed no experimental effects of ingroup celebrities; in Study 2, they showed a single moderated effect on perceptions of Hispanic school achievement. Both samples, in both studies, showed minimal effects of outgroup celebrities. Non-experimental associations with perceptions of ingroup celebrities were largely positive. Results highlight the complexity of identity-related effects, including differences between marginalized groups.
{"title":"Effects of Ingroup and Outgroup Celebrities on Asian American and Hispanic Teens’ Self-Esteem and Ingroup Judgments","authors":"Marie-Louise Mares","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2169467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2169467","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Do ingroup celebrities yield psychological benefits or costs for marginalized youth? Might outgroup celebrities prompt a sense of connection and thereby also yield benefits? In two experiments (the latter a replication six years later with different exemplars), Asian American (n1 = 85, n2 = 205) and US Hispanic (n1 = 135, n2 = 220) teens were randomized to see ingroup celebrity profiles, outgroup celebrity profiles, or no-exposure control. In both studies, ingroup celebrities (vs. control) increased Asian American teens’ self-esteem, but not via hypothesized effects on ingroup warmth or pride. In Study 1, Hispanic teens showed no experimental effects of ingroup celebrities; in Study 2, they showed a single moderated effect on perceptions of Hispanic school achievement. Both samples, in both studies, showed minimal effects of outgroup celebrities. Non-experimental associations with perceptions of ingroup celebrities were largely positive. Results highlight the complexity of identity-related effects, including differences between marginalized groups.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47168784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2023.2165504
Toqa Hassan
{"title":"Genetic and Environmental Influences on Playing Video Games","authors":"Toqa Hassan","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2023.2165504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2165504","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45191770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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