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Exploring equity in social impact assessment 探索社会影响评价的公平性
3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1177/00113921231203170
Richard ED Parsons, Lara K Mottee
Social impact assessment as a concept and practice is generally framed as a process for delivering socially equitable outcomes, and in particular, a vehicle for improving the lives of society’s most vulnerable and marginalised people. For example, the International Association for Impact Assessment 2015 guidance document makes the normative statement that projects should benefit local communities and be a ‘force for positive social change and beneficial social development’. Yet most guidance provides little prescription for what this looks like in practice. More recently, the New South Wales 2021 guideline includes distributive equity as a principle for social impact assessment, but its application is yet to be tested. This article discusses key dimensions of equity concepts, drawing on international social impact assessment guidance documents, academic literature on equity, fairness and justice, and case studies in Australia. We elaborate process/procedural/participative and outcome/distributive dimensions of equity. We further argue that, to reflect the International Association for Impact Assessment position, social impact assessment needs to defend its normative purpose of advancing equity, rather than simply ‘considering’ equity impacts.
社会影响评估作为一种概念和实践,通常被定义为提供社会公平结果的过程,特别是改善社会最脆弱和最边缘化人群生活的工具。例如,国际影响评估协会2015年指导文件作出了规范性声明,即项目应使当地社区受益,并成为“积极的社会变革和有益的社会发展的力量”。然而,大多数指导意见几乎没有为实践提供处方。最近,新南威尔士州2021年指南将分配公平作为社会影响评估的原则,但其应用尚未经过测试。本文讨论了公平概念的关键维度,借鉴了国际社会影响评估指导文件、关于公平、公平和正义的学术文献以及澳大利亚的案例研究。我们详细阐述了公平的过程/程序/参与和结果/分配维度。我们进一步认为,为了反映国际影响评估协会的立场,社会影响评估需要捍卫其促进公平的规范目的,而不是简单地“考虑”公平影响。
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引用次数: 0
Creativity and the collective Renaissance: A hermeneutic-imaginary approach (for monograph: ‘patterns of social creativity and cultural change’) 创造力和集体文艺复兴:一种解释学-想象方法(专著:“社会创造力和文化变革的模式”)
3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1177/00113921231190722
José Angel Bergua
This article builds on a powerful statement by Hans Joas regarding creativity, with which he claims ‘the self escapes its bounds and loses itself in pursuit of the forces of sociality that make it up’. To develop this argument, we propose a hermeneutic approach that centres on myths and rituals that narrate how subjective and collective orders are dissolved within the indeterminate ( apeiron). Although this question has been further explored within theoretical frameworks that discuss the death drive, the body without organs, the inoperative community and so on, these approaches do not refer to the subsequent rebirths, which the logos seems incapable of tackling but which traditional wisdom manages to address. The lesson that this ancient wisdom can pass on to sociology is that the communitas can act as the apeiron of the social from which the self and society itself escape their bounds to be reborn.
这篇文章建立在Hans Joas关于创造力的一个强有力的陈述之上,他声称“自我逃离了它的界限,在追求构成它的社会性力量的过程中迷失了自我”。为了发展这一论点,我们提出了一种以神话和仪式为中心的解释学方法,这些神话和仪式叙述了主观和集体秩序是如何在不确定的(apeiron)中溶解的。虽然这个问题在讨论死亡驱动、没有器官的身体、无效的社区等的理论框架中得到了进一步的探讨,但这些方法并不涉及随后的重生,这似乎是逻各斯无法解决的,但传统智慧却设法解决了。这个古老的智慧可以传递给社会学的教训是,社区可以作为社会的外缘,自我和社会本身从中逃脱,获得重生。
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引用次数: 0
What is left unsaid: Omissions in biographical narratives 还有什么没有说:传记叙事中的遗漏
3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1177/00113921231200253
Sónia Bernardo Correia, Ana Caetano
When we ask people to tell us the story of their lives, it is not the full extent of their biographies that we have access to, but only a partial version of it. Biographical narratives are permeated by processes of selection that imply highlighting some things while omitting others. Most of the time, what is left unsaid cannot be fully acknowledged, precisely because it is not explicitly verbalised. In the scope of the research project Biographical echoes, we were able to identify significant events and relationships in a person’s life that were not disclosed in autobiographical accounts but were unveiled in hetero-biographical ones by close people who were interviewed about that person’s life. The triangulation of data allowed us to access elements of a biography that would otherwise have remained unseen. By taking omissions as units of analysis, we characterised their main features and identified three distinct profiles of omissions using a Multiple Correspondence Analysis: relational, light and taboo. We argue that the act of omitting something is a meaningful social action with implications at both the biographical and analytical levels.
当我们要求人们告诉我们他们的生活故事时,我们所能接触到的并不是他们的全部传记,而只是其中的一部分。传记式叙事充满了选择的过程,这意味着突出一些事情而忽略其他事情。大多数时候,没有说出口的东西无法得到充分承认,正是因为没有明确地用语言表达出来。在研究项目“传记回声”的范围内,我们能够识别出一个人生活中重要的事件和关系,这些事件和关系在自传中没有披露,但在异性传记中被采访的亲密的人披露了这个人的生活。数据的三角测量使我们能够接触到传记的一些元素,否则这些元素就会被隐藏起来。通过将省略作为分析单元,我们描述了它们的主要特征,并使用多重对应分析确定了省略的三种不同概况:关系、轻和禁忌。我们认为,省略某些东西的行为是一种有意义的社会行为,具有传记和分析层面的含义。
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引用次数: 0
‘Being old’ and ‘feeling old’ in contemporary Italy: Active ageing and COVID-19 当代意大利的“变老”和“感觉老”:积极老龄化和COVID-19
3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1177/00113921231201626
Valeria Cappellato, Eugenia Mercuri
Over the last 20 years, ageing has been studied through the lens of an active ageing perspective, which considers older adults as responsible for their own conditions. However, the COVID-19 health emergency has highlighted its limits. Drawing on a sample of semi-structured interviews – collected before and during the pandemic – with people aged 65 years and above who are self-sufficient and live in Turin, Italy, this article explores the representations and perceptions of ageing, to highlight the possible effects of the COVID-19 emergency. The results show that representations of ageing revolve around two fundamental viewpoints: one considers older adults as a cost for the community because of their unproductiveness; the other overlaps the loss of self-sufficiency with a definition of ‘real’ old age. Furthermore, the interviews introduce a distinction between those who – considered productive despite their age – were called to provide a service to the community during the lockdown, and those who were judged vulnerable because of their age. Such ambiguous messages have raised new questions about an active and successful ageing imperative.
在过去的20年里,人们一直从积极老龄化的角度来研究老龄化问题,这种观点认为老年人应该对自己的状况负责。然而,COVID-19突发卫生事件凸显了其局限性。本文利用在大流行之前和期间收集的半结构化访谈样本,对居住在意大利都灵的65岁及以上自给自足的老年人进行了调查,探讨了对老龄化的表征和看法,以突出2019冠状病毒病紧急情况可能产生的影响。结果表明,老龄化的表现围绕着两个基本观点:一个认为老年人是社会的成本,因为他们没有生产力;另一个与“真正的”老年的定义重叠了自给自足的丧失。此外,访谈还介绍了在封锁期间被要求为社区提供服务的人(尽管年龄较大,但被认为有生产力)与因年龄而被认为脆弱的人之间的区别。这种模棱两可的信息引发了人们对积极而成功的老龄化必要性的新质疑。
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引用次数: 0
The necessary confluence of sociology and social impact assessment in the era of global change 社会学与社会影响评估在全球变化时代的必然融合
3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1177/00113921231203182
Guadalupe Ortiz, Antonio Aledo
Despite the intrinsic and natural connection between sociology and social impact assessment, the latter often does not hold a prominent place in the academic theory and practice of sociology. This monograph aims to justify and reclaim the rightful position of social impact assessment within the sociological discipline, through the contributions of some of the most renowned international experts in this field. This introductory article reflects on the necessary mutual contribution between sociology and social impact assessment, which, through their epistemological, methodological and axiological dialogues, establish an applied working space aimed at providing solutions for real-world problems. Sociology and social impact assessment must join forces to become agents not only of knowledge production but also of improvement of the living conditions of those in situations of social vulnerability, being this an urgent task in the face of contemporary global changes and growing inequalities.
尽管社会学与社会影响评估之间存在着内在的、自然的联系,但后者在社会学的学术理论和实践中往往并不占据突出的地位。本专著旨在通过该领域一些最知名的国际专家的贡献,证明和收回社会影响评估在社会学学科中的正确地位。这篇介绍性文章反映了社会学和社会影响评估之间必要的相互贡献,它们通过认识论、方法论和价值论的对话,建立了一个旨在为现实世界问题提供解决方案的应用工作空间。社会学和社会影响评估必须联合起来,不仅成为知识生产的推动者,而且成为改善社会弱势群体生活条件的推动者,因为面对当代全球变化和日益严重的不平等,这是一项紧迫的任务。
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引用次数: 0
After 50 years of social impact assessment, is it still fit for purpose? 在进行了50年的社会影响评估后,它是否仍然符合目的?
3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1177/00113921231203189
Frank Vanclay
Social impact assessment is a field of applied social research that is now over 50 years old. With its ongoing evolution in practice and thinking, social impact assessment is a valued part of project development and will continue to be so. Over time, there has been a shift in understanding, from social impact assessment being a regulatory tool to now being the process of managing social issues throughout the life of a project. The range of issues considered has become much wider, now also including human rights. More than a tool or approach, social impact assessment is a discourse, a body of scholars and practitioners, a paradigm, and a philosophy about development and the rights of affected communities. The proper consideration of social impacts is now expected by all project stakeholders and is a requirement of international standards and project financing. There is now recognition of the need for projects to gain and maintain social acceptance, or a social license to operate and grow. Key current issues include: human rights; doing good rather than just doing no harm; benefit-sharing arrangements; Indigenous-led social impact assessment and community-based social impact assessment; and gender, LGBTQI+, two-spirit people, and intersectionality. Social impact assessment is increasingly being used to assist communities in negotiating Impact and Benefit Agreements (or Community Development Agreements).
社会影响评估是应用社会研究的一个领域,至今已有50多年的历史。随着实践和思想的不断发展,社会影响评估是项目开发的重要组成部分,并将继续如此。随着时间的推移,人们对社会影响评估的理解已经发生了转变,从作为监管工具的社会影响评估,转变为在项目的整个生命周期内管理社会问题的过程。审议的问题范围已大为扩大,现在还包括人权问题。社会影响评估不仅仅是一种工具或方法,更是一种论述、一群学者和实践者、一种范式和一种关于发展和受影响社区权利的哲学。现在,所有项目利益相关者都期望适当考虑社会影响,这也是国际标准和项目融资的要求。现在人们已经认识到,项目需要获得和保持社会认可,或者获得社会许可才能运营和发展。当前的关键问题包括:人权;做好事而不是不做坏事;利益分享安排;土著主导的社会影响评估和基于社区的社会影响评估;性别,LGBTQI+,双灵人,以及交叉性。社会影响评估越来越多地被用来协助社区谈判影响和利益协定(或社区发展协定)。
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引用次数: 0
Diasporic multiculturalism Diasporic多元文化主义
3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1177/00113921231194090
Daniel Fittante
Noting an overreliance on North American and European-based understandings of race and ethnicity, many sociologists have called for research in new spaces. But the same conceptual and regional limitations apply to several other studies. One example of this is multiculturalism. Scholars tend to associate multiculturalism with international migration and ethnic pluralism. As such, they typically study multiculturalism in the most ethnically diverse (and often most affluent) countries – that is, in Europe and North America. But international migration does not always result in ethnic pluralism. For example, diasporic return migration often leads to the convergence of internally diverse co-ethnic populations in ethnically homogeneous nation-states. The diasporic ‘returnees’, who were born outside of their perceived homelands, come through targeted migration policies, face various levels of discrimination, and yet contribute significantly to the economic development and cultural diversity of the countries to which they relocate. As such, this article argues that the multiculturalization of monoethnic nationhood is substantially driven by diasporic return migration. In exploring diasporic multiculturalism, the article draws from data collected in Yerevan, Armenia.
许多社会学家注意到过度依赖北美和欧洲对种族和民族的理解,呼吁在新的空间进行研究。但同样的概念和区域限制也适用于其他几项研究。其中一个例子就是多元文化主义。学者们倾向于将多元文化主义与国际移民和民族多元化联系起来。因此,他们通常在种族最多样化(通常也是最富裕)的国家——即欧洲和北美——研究多元文化主义。但是,国际移民并不总是导致民族多元化。例如,散居的回返移民往往导致在种族同质的民族国家内部不同的共同民族人口的融合。散居的“回返者”出生在他们所认为的祖国之外,他们通过有针对性的移民政策来到这里,面临着不同程度的歧视,但他们对他们重新安置的国家的经济发展和文化多样性做出了重大贡献。因此,本文认为,单一民族国家的多元文化化实质上是由散居的回归移民推动的。在探索散居的多元文化主义时,本文借鉴了在亚美尼亚埃里温收集的数据。
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引用次数: 0
A history of whales in contemporary Brazil: A study of media reports on deaths of cetaceans 当代巴西鲸鱼的历史:对鲸类动物死亡的媒体报道的研究
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.1177/00113921231190721
J. Losada
This essay seeks to understand the sensitive responses of contemporary perspectives and experiences in dealing with whales washed up on beaches killed largely by plastic pollution in our seas and oceans. Identified in Brazilian online mass-circulation periodicals and denounced by environmentally engaged art, the interactions between the bodies of whales and culture are interpreted in the light of studies of the history of human–non-human–animal relationships, human sensibilities triggered by this contact, and media reports denouncing the current environmental crisis and raising awareness of the importance of protecting species, in this case cetaceans. Through the Brazilian periodical press, one can see, in the record of whale deaths, the sensitivity toward non-human animals and the concern with the explanations of this phenomenon.
这篇文章试图理解当代观点和经验在处理被冲上海滩的鲸鱼时的敏感反应,这些鲸鱼主要死于我们海洋中的塑料污染。在巴西在线大众发行期刊上发现,并受到环保艺术的谴责,鲸鱼身体与文化之间的互动是根据对人类-非人类-动物关系历史、这种接触引发的人类情感的研究来解释的,媒体报道谴责当前的环境危机,并提高人们对保护物种重要性的认识,在这种情况下是鲸目动物。通过巴西的定期新闻,人们可以从鲸鱼死亡的记录中看到对非人类动物的敏感性,以及对这种现象的解释的担忧。
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引用次数: 0
‘No way. You will not make [insert country here] home’: Anti-asylum discursive transfer from Australia to Europe “不可能。你不会把[某个国家]当成家’:从澳大利亚到欧洲的反庇护话语转移
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.1177/00113921231194093
Madeleine Geibel, F. Fozdar, F. McGaughey
This article analyses the ways Australia’s overseas ‘public information campaign’ on asylum based around the phrase ‘No way. You will not make Australia home’ has been adopted by far-right movements in Europe. Considering examples of anti-asylum online video campaigns and activism in a range of European countries, we note semiotic and discursive similarities with the Australian campaign. We discuss the implications of such discursive transfer from official Australian government policy to far-right campaigns promoting a blatantly racist agenda in Europe. We also consider the broader question of the fundamental challenge to international law inherent in the promulgation of information that denies the right to seek asylum in Refugee Convention signatory states.
本文围绕“不可能”这句话分析了澳大利亚海外庇护“公共信息运动”的方式。“你不会让澳大利亚成为家”已经被欧洲的极右翼运动所采用。考虑到一系列欧洲国家的反庇护在线视频运动和激进主义的例子,我们注意到与澳大利亚运动在符号和话语上的相似之处。我们讨论了这种从澳大利亚政府官方政策到极右翼运动的随意转移的影响,这些运动在欧洲宣扬公然的种族主义议程。我们还审议了一个更广泛的问题,即公布剥夺在《难民公约》签署国寻求庇护权利的信息所固有的对国际法的根本挑战。
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引用次数: 0
The intellectual biography of Syed Farid Alatas: Hegemonic orientations, epistemic decolonisation and the School of Autonomous Knowledge 赛义德·法里德·阿拉塔斯的知识分子传记:霸权取向、认知上的非殖民化和自主知识学派
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/00113921231194094
Leon Moosavi, S. F. Alatas
Syed Farid Alatas is a Malaysian sociologist who has been highly influential in discussions about decolonising knowledge. He has also continued the legacy of his esteemed father, Syed Hussein Alatas, by furthering ‘the School of Autonomous Knowledge’ in the Malay Archipelago and beyond. This article presents a wide-ranging, comprehensive and rich dialogue between Farid and Leon Moosavi. In this conversation, pertinent questions are asked: How does Farid’s approach to decolonising knowledge differ from other decolonial scholars? What exactly does Farid mean when he talks of ‘intellectual imperialism’, ‘alternative discourses’ and ‘academic dependency’? This dialogue also explores Farid’s extensive engagement with the Islamic/Muslim sphere, including topics such as: Ibn Khaldun, Muslim revivalism, Muslim sectarianism and the Islamisation of knowledge. The discussion also explores some potential critiques of Farid’s intellectual contributions with challenging questions: Can Farid’s theoretical ideals be applied in ‘the real world’ or are they confined to an audience of intellectual elites? Is Farid anti-Western? Or, actually, does his work inadvertently fall into the trap of Westerncentrism? This article offers a unique insight into the intellectual biography of one of the most notable social theorists of the current era.
Syed Farid Alatas是一位马来西亚社会学家,在关于知识非殖民化的讨论中具有很高的影响力。他还继承了他尊敬的父亲赛义德·侯赛因·阿拉塔斯的遗产,在马来群岛及其他地区推进了“自主知识学校”。本文介绍了法里德和莱昂·穆萨维之间广泛、全面和丰富的对话。在这场对话中,人们提出了相关的问题:法里德的知识非殖民化方法与其他非殖民化学者有何不同?法里德在谈到“知识帝国主义”、“另类话语”和“学术依赖”时到底是什么意思?本次对话还探讨了法里德与伊斯兰/穆斯林领域的广泛接触,包括伊本·哈尔顿、穆斯林复兴主义、穆斯林宗派主义和知识伊斯兰化等主题。讨论还探讨了对法里德智力贡献的一些潜在批评,并提出了一些具有挑战性的问题:法里德的理论理想能否应用于“现实世界”,还是仅限于知识精英群体?法里德是反西方的吗?或者,实际上,他的作品是否无意中落入了西方中心主义的陷阱?这篇文章对当代最著名的社会理论家之一的知识分子传记提供了独特的见解。
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引用次数: 0
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