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Unicorns, rainbows, and unicorn magic: Storying new knowledge of black masculinities within the WWE 独角兽、彩虹和独角兽魔法:讲述 WWE 中黑人男子气概的新知识
IF 2.3 3区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1177/10126902231221265
Nikolas Dickerson
This paper examines the story arc of a trio of Black male wrestlers called the New Day within the World Wrestling Entertainment industry (WWE) who go from militant nationalists, stereotypical singing/dancing preachers, and finally to self-described unicorns bringing magic back to the WWE. Wrestling is used to explore anti-Blackness, Black masculinity, and conceptions of the human/humanity. Drawing on Katherine McKittrick's Black methodological intervention of textual accumulation to interrogate issues of race, masculinity, and sexuality within their performances, I argue the group's unique position as wrestlers allows us to conceptualize the trio as “writers” of fiction; a position that when read through Kevin Young's concept of storying provides insight into a Black creative practice engaging in alternative worldmaking and rewriting understandings of the human outside of a Western European framework. I advocate that the stories of the New Day not only provide glimpses into new genres of being human, but also forms of Black manhood(s) outside of a patriarchal framework.
本文探讨了世界摔跤娱乐业(WWE)中名为 "新一天 "的黑人男子摔跤手三人组的故事弧线,他们从激进的民族主义者到刻板的歌舞传教士,最后自诩为独角兽,将魔法带回了 WWE。摔跤被用来探讨反黑人、黑人男子气概以及人类/人性的概念。我借鉴凯瑟琳-麦基特里克(Katherine McKittrick)的黑人方法论,通过文本积累来审视表演中的种族、男子气概和性等问题,我认为,摔跤三人组作为摔跤手的独特地位使我们能够将三人组概念化为小说的 "作家";通过凯文-杨(Kevin Young)的 "故事化"(storying)概念来解读这一地位,可以深入了解黑人的创作实践,他们在西欧框架之外参与另类世界的创造,并重新书写对人类的理解。我主张,《新的一天》的故事不仅提供了人类新流派的一瞥,还提供了父权制框架之外的黑人男子气概的形式。
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引用次数: 0
The Qatar World Cup and Twitter sentiment: Unraveling the interplay of soft power, public opinion, and media scrutiny 卡塔尔世界杯与推特情绪:解读软实力、公众舆论和媒体监督的相互作用
IF 2.3 3区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/10126902231218700
Ahmed A. M. Hassan, Jia Wang
This research examines public opinion on Twitter during the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, focusing on the interplay between sport, communication, and soft power. It sheds light on the online discourse surrounding a global sporting event by analyzing tweet frequency, sentiment changes, prevalent topics, and the most popular tweets surrounding controversial events. Political discussions surrounding the World Cup initially dominated but gradually declined, shifting the focus to sporting achievements and cultural exchange. Throughout the tournament, the host country, European countries participating in the World Cup, and fans contested the narrative surrounding the event. However, the study highlights how celebrities and public figures had a more significant impact on shaping conversations about sports, cultural exchange, and sociopolitical issues. These findings deepen the understanding of the interplay between sports, politics, culture, and social issues, offering insights to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.
这项研究考察了2022年卡塔尔世界杯期间推特上的公众舆论,重点关注体育、传播和软实力之间的相互作用。它通过分析推特频率、情绪变化、流行话题和围绕争议事件的最受欢迎的推特,揭示了围绕全球体育赛事的在线话语。围绕世界杯的政治讨论最初占主导地位,但逐渐减少,将焦点转移到体育成就和文化交流上。在整个比赛过程中,主办国、参加世界杯的欧洲国家和球迷都在争论围绕这一事件的叙述。然而,该研究强调了名人和公众人物如何在塑造关于体育、文化交流和社会政治问题的对话方面产生更大的影响。这些发现加深了对体育、政治、文化和社会问题之间相互作用的理解,为研究人员、从业者和政策制定者提供了见解。
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引用次数: 0
Surviving child sexual abuse in women's artistic gymnastics: ‘It's beautiful, because had I stayed in the past, I wouldn’t have evolved as a person’ 在女子艺术体操比赛中幸存的儿童性虐待幸存者:"这很美好,因为如果我停留在过去,我就不会发展成为一个人。
IF 2.3 3区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/10126902231218180
N. Barker-Ruchti, Valeria Varea
The USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal raised global awareness about child sexual abuse (CSA) in women's artistic gymnastics. The ensuing media coverage also centre-staged victims’ survivorship stories, a process that for many moved from dissociating, recognising and disclosing CSA to feeling comfort when connecting with survivors and accepting CSA as part of their life history. However, scholarship on what survivorship from CSA in sport entails, and importantly, what it means to athletes, is limited. In this article, we frame the survival of CSA using Arthur Frank’s socio-narratological conceptualisation of people being able to process the devastating consequences of a life-threatening and/or a life-altering event, and present the survivorship stories of two former gymnasts, Maria and Lucia (pseudonyms). For these two women, survivorship was facilitated by hearing others’ stories of sexual abuse, purposefully facing their CSA experiences and connecting with one another later in life to raise awareness about sexual abuse in sport. Thus, in addition to presenting Maria and Lucia's stories for the purpose of providing CSA victims with a survivorship narrative, we outline and reflect on the role hearing and telling stories have in CSA survivorship.
美国体操性虐待丑闻引起了全球对女子艺术体操中儿童性虐待(CSA)的关注。随后的媒体报道也以受害者的幸存者故事为中心,对许多人来说,这个过程从分离、承认和披露CSA,到与幸存者联系时感到舒适,并接受CSA作为他们生活史的一部分。然而,关于体育运动中CSA的幸存者需要什么,以及重要的是,它对运动员意味着什么的奖学金是有限的。在这篇文章中,我们使用亚瑟·弗兰克的社会叙事学概念来构建CSA的生存,即人们能够处理危及生命和/或改变生活的事件的破坏性后果,并呈现两位前体操运动员玛丽亚和露西亚(化名)的生存故事。对于这两名女性来说,通过倾听别人的性虐待故事,有目的性地面对她们的CSA经历,并在以后的生活中相互联系,提高对体育性虐待的认识,帮助她们走出了困境。因此,除了呈现Maria和Lucia的故事,为CSA受害者提供幸存者叙事之外,我们还概述并反思了倾听和讲述故事在CSA幸存者中所起的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Young refugees’ experiences of accumulating horizontal and vertical social capital through organised and informal sports 青年难民通过有组织和非正式体育运动积累横向和纵向社会资本的经验
IF 2.3 3区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/10126902231217941
Martin Nesse, S. Agergaard, Lucy V. Piggott
For the last 20 years, Putnam's conceptualisations of bonding and bridging social capital have become a common reference for policies and programmes that seek to promote integration in and through sports. However, few researchers have looked beyond face-to-face interactions to how sports may develop migrants’ relations to formal associations, institutions, and agencies in civil society. In this article, we aim to explore how young refugees accumulate diverse forms of social capital through participation in sports clubs and informal sports. Drawing on Lewandowski's conceptualisations of horizontal and vertical social capital, we analyse 10 young refugees’ experiences with sports participation in Norway. The results show that informants found it challenging to participate in sports clubs due to conflicting views on how to ‘do sports’ as well as processes of ‘othering’. As a result, their opportunities for accumulating vertical social capital (social connections and resources across vertical power differentials) were limited and only identified for the most highly skilled informants. Consequently, the informants dropped out of sports clubs and instead joined informal sports to experience a sense of community and belonging with peers similar to themselves. By doing so, the informants were able to accumulate horizontal social capital (resources within a specific socioeconomic or cultural stratum) as well as negotiating specific types of vertical social capital. Overall, our findings illustrate some of the challenges and limitations of Norwegian sports policy and clubs in facilitating social capital and, thus, social mobility for young refugees.
在过去的20年里,Putnam关于联系和连接社会资本的概念已经成为寻求通过体育促进融合的政策和计划的共同参考。然而,很少有研究人员超越面对面的互动,关注体育如何发展移民与民间社会正式协会、机构和机构的关系。在本文中,我们旨在探讨年轻难民如何通过参加体育俱乐部和非正式体育活动来积累各种形式的社会资本。借鉴莱万多夫斯基关于水平和垂直社会资本的概念,我们分析了挪威10名年轻难民参与体育运动的经历。结果显示,由于对如何“做运动”和“他者”过程的不同看法,被调查者发现参加体育俱乐部具有挑战性。因此,他们积累垂直社会资本(跨越垂直权力差异的社会关系和资源)的机会是有限的,并且只针对最熟练的举报人。因此,被调查者退出了体育俱乐部,转而参加非正式的体育活动,以体验与自己相似的同龄人的社区意识和归属感。通过这样做,举报人能够积累横向社会资本(特定社会经济或文化阶层内的资源),以及谈判特定类型的纵向社会资本。总的来说,我们的研究结果说明了挪威体育政策和俱乐部在促进社会资本方面的一些挑战和局限性,从而促进了年轻难民的社会流动性。
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引用次数: 0
The art of balance: Indigenous sport governance between traditional government and self-governance 平衡的艺术:传统政府与自治之间的土著体育管理
IF 2.3 3区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/10126902231217185
K. Lehtonen, E. Skille, Josef Fahlén
The governance of Indigenous people is in many contexts a combination of political ambitions to promote self-governance, and more traditional policies and governance practices. These combinations often carry unintended contradictions and exclusionary processes. In this article, we investigate the consequences of one such contradiction: the aspiration for self-determination and self-governance on the one hand and the aspiration for broader political influence in decisions about resources to Sámi sport on the other. Since legitimation of governance structures and practices is essential for their overall functionality, we constructed the research question: What strategies are used to legitimise the policy and governance practices of Sámi sport? To explore this research question, we employed Sámi sport in Finland as an empirical case. Results show that authorisation as a legitimation strategy is prominent and used at institutional and individual levels. Moral evaluation as strategy is based on authoritative actors’ personal choice. Inclusion and integration in mainstream policy is seen as a rational legitimation strategy, which is supported by narratives where smallness and uniqueness are dominant.
在许多情况下,对土著人的治理是促进自治的政治抱负与更为传统的政策和治理做法的结合。这些组合往往带有意想不到的矛盾和排斥过程。在本文中,我们将研究这样一种矛盾的后果:一方面是对自决和自治的渴望,另一方面是对萨米人运动资源决策的更广泛政治影响力的渴望。由于管理结构和实践的合法化对其整体功能至关重要,我们提出了研究问题:萨米人体育运动的政策和管理实践采用了哪些合法化策略?为了探讨这一研究问题,我们将芬兰的萨米人体育运动作为一个实证案例。结果表明,授权作为一种合法化策略在机构和个人层面上都得到了突出的运用。道德评价作为一种策略是基于权威行为者的个人选择。主流政策中的包容和融合被视为一种理性的合法化策略,它得到了以渺小和独特为主导的叙事的支持。
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引用次数: 0
‘For those few minutes you are free’: The meaning of sport from imprisoned men's perspective 在那几分钟里,你是自由的":从被监禁男子的角度看体育的意义
IF 2.3 3区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/10126902231217186
Johannes Müller
Based on an ethnographic study in a German prison, this article explores the question of what meaning incarcerated men attach to sport in light of the loss of freedom and autonomy which according to Sykes are particular ‘pains of imprisonment’. The material shows the following: (1) Incarceration is perceived by imprisoned men as a life under duress and proves to be a stark contrast to life outside prison due to the limited freedom of movement, action and decision making. (2) Sport is a means for incarcerated men to bring back memories of being free and to mentally escape into the time before imprisonment. (3) Sport is one of the few opportunities for imprisoned men to spend time in fresh air, which results in a physically–sensually experienced liberation. (4) Participation in sports enables the incarcerated to temporarily regain freedom of action and decision making. Overall, the findings indicate that sport can best be understood as a help in coping with incarceration. It is concluded from the findings that imprisoned men attach their own meanings to sport, largely detached from the function of sport ascribed by the institution (such as rehabilitation and health promotion).
根据在德国一所监狱进行的人种学研究,本文探讨了被监禁的男性在失去自由和自主权的情况下对体育的意义,根据赛克斯(Sykes)的观点,失去自由和自主权是 "监禁的痛苦"。材料显示了以下几点:(1) 被监禁男子认为监禁是一种受胁迫的生活,由于行动、活动和决策的自由受到限制,这与监狱外的生活形成了鲜明的对比。(2) 体育是被监禁者唤回自由记忆的一种手段,也是他们从精神上逃离监禁前生活的一种方式。(3) 体育运动是被监禁男子在新鲜空气中度过的为数不多的机会之一,从而使他们在身体和精神上获得解放。(4) 参与体育运动可使被监禁者暂时恢复行动和决策自由。总之,研究结果表明,体育可被理解为帮助人们应对监禁的最佳方式。研究结果得出的结论是,被监禁的男子对体育赋予了他们自己的意义,这在很大程度上脱离了监所赋予体育的功能(如改造和促进健康)。
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引用次数: 0
Inclusive, inviting, inspiring: Insights into the experiences of women's football fans in Australia and Germany 包容、吸引、激励:洞察澳大利亚和德国女足球迷的经历
IF 2.3 3区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1177/10126902231215296
Christiana Schallhorn, Kasey Symons, Jessica Kunert, Lina-Doreen Rose
Despite growing interest in women's football, limited research exists on its fans and their fan experience. Thus, findings from women's football culture against the background of hegemonic masculinity are presented, demonstrating how the space counteracts this concept. An online survey for fans located in Australia and Germany was developed to explore perceived differences in the culture of women's football. Participation in online (social media, broadcast) and offline (in stadium, in-person events) communities was examined. Further findings identified relevant themes for women's football fans: (1) the authentic character of women's football; (2) the strong bond between teams, players and fans; (3) the stadium as a safe space; (4) the friendly atmosphere in the stadium; and (5) less commercialisation, mediatisation and professionalisation. Implications for women's football, its fans and fan culture are discussed.
尽管人们对女子足球的兴趣与日俱增,但对其球迷及其球迷体验的研究却十分有限。因此,本文以霸权男性为背景,介绍了女足文化的研究成果,展示了女足空间如何与这一概念相抗衡。我们针对澳大利亚和德国的球迷开展了一项在线调查,以探索女足文化中的感知差异。对参与线上(社交媒体、广播)和线下(体育场、现场活动)社区的情况进行了研究。进一步的研究结果确定了女足球迷的相关主题:(1) 女足的真实性;(2) 球队、球员和球迷之间的紧密联系;(3) 作为安全空间的球场;(4) 球场内的友好氛围;(5) 较少的商业化、媒介化和职业化。讨论了对女子足球、其球迷和球迷文化的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Participation of girls and women in community sport in Ghana: Cultural and structural barriers 加纳女童和妇女参与社区体育运动的情况:文化和结构性障碍
IF 2.3 3区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1177/10126902231214955
Derrick Charway, Åse Strandbu
Despite numerous international and national policy documents promoting girls’ and women's empowerment and participation in community sports, the actual access to sport for women and girls is still restricted in several countries. This paper explores the situation in Ghana. Through the analytical lens of Cooky and Messner’s theory of ‘the unevenness of social change’, we analyse the cultural and structural barriers that prevent girls and women from participating in sport in Ghanaian communities. The data material is document analysis, focus groups and semi-structured interviews with male and female officials representing state-funded regional and district sports organisations as well as non-state sports organisations in Ghana. The findings reveal that cultural barriers, rooted in deep-seated cultural norms and structural hindrances that undermine gender-inclusive policies, contribute to the limited participation of girls and women in community sport. Furthermore, the interplay between these cultural and structural factors leads to gender-specific practices and fewer women in leadership positions. Based on our analyses, we suggest that structural changes (enforcing and implementing gender policies) can result in cultural changes (positive gender equality outcomes) over time.
尽管有许多国际和国家政策文件提倡增强女孩和妇女的能力以及参与社区体育活动,但在一些国家,妇女和女孩实际参与体育活动的机会仍然受到限制。本文探讨了加纳的情况。通过 Cooky 和 Messner 的 "社会变革不平衡性 "理论的分析视角,我们分析了阻碍加纳社区女童和妇女参与体育运动的文化和结构性障碍。数据资料包括文件分析、焦点小组和半结构式访谈,访谈对象为加纳国家资助的地区和县体育组织以及非国家体育组织的男女官员。研究结果表明,根植于根深蒂固的文化规范和破坏性别包容政策的结构性障碍的文化壁垒,导致女孩和妇女参与社区体育的程度有限。此外,这些文化和结构性因素之间的相互作用导致了针对不同性别的做法以及领导岗位上女性人数的减少。根据我们的分析,我们认为结构性变化(执行和实施性别政策)可以随着时间的推移带来文化变化(积极的性别平等成果)。
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引用次数: 0
Media (re)presentation of a black woman esports player: The case of Chiquita Evans in the NBA 2K League 媒体对黑人女性电竞选手的报道:奇基塔·埃文斯在NBA 2K联赛中的案例
3区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1177/10126902231211683
Egil Trasti Rogstad
This study investigates the media construction of Chiquita Evans, the first woman to participate in the NBA 2 K League, uncovering a complex interplay of gender norms and power dynamics. Explored through Foucauldian discourse analysis, her identity negotiation within this unique space, where sport, gaming, and media converge, is illuminated. Evans emerges as a trailblazer who challenges and reshapes established gender conventions in the male-dominated esports arena. While her defiance of gender norms is evident, the media's focus on her physicality inadvertently perpetuates gendered expectations. Moreover, Evans’ participation showcases her navigation of racial and gender norms, exposing lingering biases. The intersection of sport and media logic demonstrates evolving dynamics while also highlighting challenges faced by women players. Overall, the media construction of Evans works to encourage acceptance while reproducing established stereotypes, suggesting that increased representation may not inherently challenge power dynamics.
本研究考察了首位参加NBA 2k联赛的女性球员奇基塔·埃文斯的媒体建构,揭示了性别规范和权力动力学之间复杂的相互作用。通过福柯式的话语分析,揭示了她在这个独特空间中的身份协商,在这里,体育、游戏和媒体融合在一起。埃文斯是一个开拓者,在男性主导的电子竞技领域挑战并重塑了既定的性别传统。虽然她对性别规范的蔑视是显而易见的,但媒体对她身体的关注无意中延续了性别期望。此外,埃文斯的参与展示了她对种族和性别规范的驾驭,揭露了挥之不去的偏见。体育和媒体逻辑的交叉展示了不断发展的动态,同时也突出了女性运动员面临的挑战。总体而言,埃文斯的媒体构建在复制既定刻板印象的同时鼓励接受,这表明增加的代表性可能不会固有地挑战权力动态。
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引用次数: 0
Becoming and being a masters athlete: Class, gender, place and the embodied formation of (anti)-ageing moral identities 成为和成为一名优秀的运动员:阶级、性别、地域和(抗)衰老道德认同的具体化形成
3区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1177/10126902231211680
Nicholas Hookway, Catherine Palmer, Zack Dwyer, Casey Mainsbridge
Once discouraged or viewed as dangerous, Masters athletes are now seen as exemplars of how people should age. This paper qualitatively examines the sporting pathways, embodied experiences and the moral formation of ageing identities among ‘young-old’ athletes competing in the 16th Australian Masters Games. Held in regional Tasmania (Australia), the Games attracted over 5000 participants competing across 47 sports over an 8-day period. Contributing to a critical body of scholarship on Masters athletes, the paper shows that class and gender inequality shape processes of becoming and being a Masters athlete that are rarely acknowledged in the ‘heroic ageing’ accounts the participants narrate. Further, the paper develops a unique spatial perspective on Masters sport that recognises the potential of the Games to disrupt place-based stigma but also identifies its class dimensions both as a site of middle-class shame and consumer opportunity for affluent sports tourists. We draw upon Allen-Collinson's concept of ‘intense embodiment’ to spotlight the sensory pleasures, pain and injuries of training and competing as an older athlete but also as an important lens for analysing the construction of ageing moral identities that can stigmatise and exclude the inactive old.
曾经气馁或被视为危险的大师赛运动员,现在被视为人们应该如何变老的典范。本文定性地考察了第16届澳大利亚大师赛中“年轻老”运动员的运动路径、体现经验和衰老身份的道德形成。在澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚地区举行的奥运会吸引了5000多名参与者,在8天的时间里参加了47个项目的比赛。这篇论文为硕士运动员的重要学术研究做出了贡献,表明阶级和性别不平等塑造了成为和成为一名硕士运动员的过程,而这些过程在参与者叙述的“英雄老龄化”账户中很少得到承认。此外,本文对大师赛体育发展了一个独特的空间视角,认识到奥运会有可能打破基于地点的耻辱,但也确定了它的阶级维度,既是中产阶级耻辱的场所,也是富裕体育游客的消费机会。我们借鉴Allen-Collinson的“强烈体现”概念,以突出作为一名老年运动员在训练和比赛中的感官愉悦、痛苦和伤害,同时也作为分析老龄化道德身份建构的重要视角,这些道德身份可能会对不活跃的老年人进行污名化和排斥。
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引用次数: 0
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International Review for the Sociology of Sport
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