Rehabilitation Psychology最新文献

Purpose: This study evaluated the effectiveness of an interactive video (IV) to improve knowledge, attitudes, and intent to hire people who are blind or have low vision (B/LV) and determined whether immediate improvements were retained 3 months later.

Method: We conducted two randomized controlled trials to evaluate the IV's effectiveness, one involving 157 management students, and the other including 63 adults involved in making hiring decisions for their organizations. In both studies, participants took a pretest consisting of six outcome measures, viewed the IV or a control video, and completed an immediate posttest. Study 1 participants also completed a 3-month follow-up.

Results: Viewing the IV was associated with large improvements in knowledge about B/LV and explicit attitudes about employing people who are B/LV and medium increases in intent to hire. Changes in discomfort around people who are B/LV and implicit attitudes about their competence were mixed. Improvements exhibited immediately after viewing the IV were retained.

Conclusions: Research supports that improvements in these outcome measures may be associated with an increased likelihood of hiring an applicant who is B/LV. Organizations could adopt the video as a training for personnel who are involved in making hiring decisions to promote inclusive hiring. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: This study aims to explore the perspectives of rehabilitation professionals regarding the barriers to spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation services in Nepal.

Research method/design: A qualitative study involved 15 rehabilitation professionals working in the Spinal Injury Rehabilitation Center in Nepal. After obtaining informed consent, in-depth semistructured interviews were conducted using Zoom and phone calls between June and July 2023. Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis approach was utilized to analyze the interviews and generate themes from the participants' responses.

Results: The participants represented nine different rehabilitation professions. Over half of them were female (53.33%), and 86.67% had one to 10 years of experience in SCI rehabilitation. From in-depth interviews, four themes depicting barriers to rehabilitation were identified: (a) resource constraints within the rehabilitation centers, (b) concerns related to finance, awareness, and support mechanisms, (c) systemic problems coupled with geographical and physical barriers, and (d) beliefs and practices influencing access and adherence to rehabilitation.

Conclusions and implications: Delivering effective rehabilitation services for people with SCI presents a range of barriers. Considering the critical importance of rehabilitation for this population, the findings underscore the necessity of engaging stakeholders at multiple levels, individuals, communities, and government agencies to address the identified barriers and improve rehabilitation services in Nepal. The implications of the findings are further discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: Medical assistance in dying (MAiD) is permitted in certain U.S. jurisdictions and other countries for suffering associated with terminal physical illness, such as advanced cancer, progressive neurological disease, and major organ failure, in which natural death is foreseeable. In a few European countries and Canada, eligibility for MAiD has recently been extended for nonterminal chronic health conditions and severe psychiatric illnesses that are considered to be irremediable.

Results: For psychologists, this expansion of eligibility for MAiD in other countries raises considerable questions within cultural, moral, and ethical contexts.

Design: This commentary is based on personal reflections within the framework of the foundational principles of rehabilitation psychology given our knowledge of how MAiD potentially differentially impacts the disability community.

Conclusions/implications: Rehabilitation psychologists need to grapple with the complexity of the issues to begin to forecast the research, education, practice standards, and policies that are needed before legislation is proposed in the United States. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: The current study examined the psychometric properties of common mental health questionnaires among women survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) with and without brain injuries due to IPV and evaluated whether women with and without IPV-related brain injuries differed in depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity.

Research method/design: Women survivors of IPV with and without IPV-related brain injuries were recruited online through Prolific (N = 205, M = 39.8 ± 11.9 years old, 83.9% non-Hispanic White, 42.4% college-educated). They completed the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition) (PCL-5). Model fit and internal consistency were estimated for each scale. Groups were compared on mental health symptom severity, with and without controlling for age, education, and IPV severity.

Results: Both one-factor and multifactor models showed excellent fit for all scales. PHQ-8 (ω = .91), GAD-7 (ω = .94), and PCL-5 total scores (ω = .95) had strong reliability, and all subscale scores had acceptable-to-strong reliability (ω range = .79-.94). Women with IPV-related brain injuries reported greater physical IPV severity, higher rates of depression, and higher somatic anxiety and PTSD symptom severity. No group differences in mental health symptoms were significant after controlling for IPV severity.

Conclusions/implications: The PHQ-8, GAD-7, and PCL-5 showed evidence for reliability and validity among women survivors of IPV. Women with IPV-related brain injuries had higher PTSD symptom severity, attributable to greater physical violence exposure in general. Brain injury screening among survivors appears warranted for women with extensive physical IPV experiences. Interventions addressing PTSD, violence prevention, and brain injury recovery may best serve this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Medical aid in dying (MAID) has long been a contentious issue in both professional ethics and within the disability community. Some view it as an affirmation of self-determination and autonomy, while others view it as a codification of ableism, potentially to the point of eugenics. With Canada's recent expansion of MAID eligibility to people with nonterminal chronic illnesses and disabilities, discussions about the ethics of MAID legislation have been renewed, particularly among people with disabilities.

Method: This commentary reviews the common arguments for and against MAID, with a focus on the views, concerns, and opinions within the disability community. New concerns from within the disability community relating to Canada's expansion of MAID to people with nonterminal disabilities are also discussed. Finally, the relation of these concerns to the foundational principles of rehabilitation psychology is discussed.

Results: The disability community has historically had a divided view on MAID, with some viewing it as an enactment of ableism and others viewing it as an enactment of self-determination. Expansion of MAID eligibility to individuals with nonterminal illness and disabilities also raises concerns about governments prioritizing MAID over community support for people with disabilities.

Conclusion/implications: MAID, especially as applied to individuals with nonterminal illness, is an ethically complex issue in the disability community that addresses many of the foundational principles of rehabilitation psychology. Thus, the decision of advocating for and against MAID in people with nonterminal disabilities is a complicated decision for rehabilitation psychologists. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: This study examined the impact of the ASPECT (Advocacy, Support, Perspective, Empowerment, Communication, and Training) Patient Engagement Program on its alumni in order to understand how they used the storytelling and advocacy skills they learned, determine the strengths of the program, and identify recommendations for strengthening the program.

Research method/design: In spring 2023, eight focus groups and one interview were conducted with ASPECT Program alumni. Inductive coding was used to identify themes.

Results: Eight themes emerged and included: (a) reasons alumni joined the ASPECT Program, (b) value of combining persons with visual impairments and allies in one cohort, (c) reflections on personal growth, (d) developing and telling one's story, (e) networking with others, (f) advocacy activities, (g) strengths of the ASPECT Program, and (h) recommendations for improving the ASPECT Program.

Conclusions/implications: The ASPECT Program provided alumni the opportunity to better understand their own eye health and/or the eye health of others, learn to impactfully tell their story to diverse stakeholders, develop their advocacy skills, and network with others. The use of a training program that includes those with visual impairments and allies is an effective method for providing high-quality training to a diverse group. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: Mobility aids are important to disabled people as a functional tool that can enhance their participation in leisure activities and work; however, mobility aids may also have implications for how disabled people are viewed by others. Using theories from social psychology, this study aimed to understand how mobility aids contribute to the perception of mobility aid users.

Research method: A total of 259 participants without disabilities, who were primarily young, Caucasian, female-identifying university students, completed the questionnaires. The primary questionnaires of interest included the Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Toward Persons with Disabilities and the Stereotype Content Model. Every participant completed three conditions of the questionnaires to examine their attitudes and stereotypes associated with three mobility aid conditions: a wheelchair, a cane, and a control condition without a specified mobility aid.

Results: Affective attitudes toward the unspecified mobility aid condition and the manual wheelchair condition were more negative than the cane condition. Perceived warmth was higher for the manual wheelchair condition compared to the unspecified mobility aid condition and perceived competence was higher for the cane and manual wheelchair conditions compared to the unspecified mobility aid condition.

Conclusion: This study explored how young women without disabilities, and potentially nondisabled people more generally, may hold a range of attitudes and stereotypes about the use of mobility aids by disabled people. These findings have implications for the design of effective attitudinal change programs and for rehabilitation professionals who work with individuals as they adopt mobility aids following the onset of disability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and postpandemic era have significantly impacted the physical, mental, and social health (global health) of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Extensive evidence highlights the positive relationships among global health, employment, and subjective well-being. For rehabilitation psychologists and health professionals serving individuals with MS, it is crucial to incorporate a global health measure into their assessment toolkit. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health (PROMIS^©GH) Scale is widely used and validated for diverse patient populations worldwide. However, there is no study that validates the PROMIS^©GH for people with MS.

Research method: We conducted an exploratory factor analysis with a sample of U.S. adults with MS (N = 495) to examine the measurement structure of the PROMIS^©GH.

Results: Exploratory factor analysis results indicated a two-factor measurement structure (physical health and mental-social health) that accounted for 67.80% of the total variance. All items loaded highly onto their respective factors (ranging from 0.59 to 0.93). The Cronbach's α of the two subscales was .85 and .86, which is high for very brief measures. The two factors were significantly and positively associated with employment, subjective well-being, resilience, core self-evaluations, and social support, and negatively associated with stress and depression in the theoretically expected directions, supporting its construct validity.

Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that PROMIS^©GH is a psychometrically sound global health measure for people with MS and should be included as a health assessment tool for rehabilitation psychologists and health professionals who provide services to people with MS. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: To examine, among survivors of stroke: (a) the prevalence of and most frequently reported unmet needs; and (b) the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with higher counts of unmet needs.

Research method/design: A cross-sectional study was undertaken with survivors of stroke recently discharged from eight hospitals in Australia, with institutional board approval. Survivors were mailed one survey for completion after their discharge from hospital. Unmet needs were measured by the Longer-Term Unmet Needs After Stroke (LUNS) tool. The number and percentage of participants who reported unmet needs were calculated. The association of sociodemographic factors, type of stroke, and thrombolysis treatment to total LUNS scores was examined using mixed ordinal logistic regression.

Results: A total of 402 survivors (35% of those approached) between April 2018 to December 2019 returned a completed survey. 83% reported at least one unmet need. The most frequently reported unmet need was needing more information about their stroke (n = 239, 61%). Those who identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander had approximately 5.6-fold higher odds (OR = 5.59, p = .025) of having more longer-term unmet needs compared to those who did not identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander.

Conclusions/implications: Unmet needs are common in recently discharged survivors of stroke. These findings may be used to inform strategies that support recovery. Providing more information may help reduce unmet needs among survivors of stroke. Enhanced hospital discharge planning and enhanced community services for survivors may help better prepare them and their caregivers for the return home. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Forber-Pratt and colleagues' Disability Identity Development Scale (DIDS) is the only disability identity measure that meets all the criteria for rigorous scale development. Little is known however about item fit for the DIDS.

Purpose/objective: (a) To investigate the construct validity of the DIDS scores at the item and factor level using item response theory (IRT) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA); (b) to investigate convergent validity of the DIDS scores with related constructs; and (c) to determine the reliability of each DIDS factor.

Research method/design: A convenience sample of 210 undergraduate college students with disabilities enrolled in a west coast 4-year public university participated in this study. Measures included the DIDS, the University Belongingness Questionnaire, and the College Self-Efficacy Inventory. Data were analyzed using the Rasch IRT framework, CFA, Omega reliability, and correlational analyses.

Results: IRT and CFA results revealed the data fit a 36-item, four-factor DIDS structure. Three items in the factor measuring adoption of disability community values items were easier, and four items in the factor measuring contribution to the disability community were difficult as compared with other DIDS items. Omega reliability analyses showed strong reliability for each DIDS factor. Correlation analyses found convergent and discriminant validity evidence for the DIDS with correlations with the University Belongingness Questionnaire and College Self-Efficacy Inventory in the hypothesized direction and magnitude.

Conclusion/implications: Findings provide evidence for Forber-Pratt and colleagues' theoretically and empirically derived DIDS, advancing the research, measurement, and practical application of disability identity development. Results are aligned with Forber-Pratt's psychosocial model of disability identity theoretical framework. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).