Rehabilitation Psychology最新文献

Purpose/objective: Mobility aids are important to disabled people as a functional tool that can enhance their participation in leisure activities and work; however, mobility aids may also have implications for how disabled people are viewed by others. Using theories from social psychology, this study aimed to understand how mobility aids contribute to the perception of mobility aid users.

Research method: A total of 259 participants without disabilities, who were primarily young, Caucasian, female-identifying university students, completed the questionnaires. The primary questionnaires of interest included the Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Toward Persons with Disabilities and the Stereotype Content Model. Every participant completed three conditions of the questionnaires to examine their attitudes and stereotypes associated with three mobility aid conditions: a wheelchair, a cane, and a control condition without a specified mobility aid.

Results: Affective attitudes toward the unspecified mobility aid condition and the manual wheelchair condition were more negative than the cane condition. Perceived warmth was higher for the manual wheelchair condition compared to the unspecified mobility aid condition and perceived competence was higher for the cane and manual wheelchair conditions compared to the unspecified mobility aid condition.

Conclusion: This study explored how young women without disabilities, and potentially nondisabled people more generally, may hold a range of attitudes and stereotypes about the use of mobility aids by disabled people. These findings have implications for the design of effective attitudinal change programs and for rehabilitation professionals who work with individuals as they adopt mobility aids following the onset of disability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and postpandemic era have significantly impacted the physical, mental, and social health (global health) of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Extensive evidence highlights the positive relationships among global health, employment, and subjective well-being. For rehabilitation psychologists and health professionals serving individuals with MS, it is crucial to incorporate a global health measure into their assessment toolkit. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health (PROMIS^©GH) Scale is widely used and validated for diverse patient populations worldwide. However, there is no study that validates the PROMIS^©GH for people with MS.

Research method: We conducted an exploratory factor analysis with a sample of U.S. adults with MS (N = 495) to examine the measurement structure of the PROMIS^©GH.

Results: Exploratory factor analysis results indicated a two-factor measurement structure (physical health and mental-social health) that accounted for 67.80% of the total variance. All items loaded highly onto their respective factors (ranging from 0.59 to 0.93). The Cronbach's α of the two subscales was .85 and .86, which is high for very brief measures. The two factors were significantly and positively associated with employment, subjective well-being, resilience, core self-evaluations, and social support, and negatively associated with stress and depression in the theoretically expected directions, supporting its construct validity.

Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that PROMIS^©GH is a psychometrically sound global health measure for people with MS and should be included as a health assessment tool for rehabilitation psychologists and health professionals who provide services to people with MS. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: To examine, among survivors of stroke: (a) the prevalence of and most frequently reported unmet needs; and (b) the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with higher counts of unmet needs.

Research method/design: A cross-sectional study was undertaken with survivors of stroke recently discharged from eight hospitals in Australia, with institutional board approval. Survivors were mailed one survey for completion after their discharge from hospital. Unmet needs were measured by the Longer-Term Unmet Needs After Stroke (LUNS) tool. The number and percentage of participants who reported unmet needs were calculated. The association of sociodemographic factors, type of stroke, and thrombolysis treatment to total LUNS scores was examined using mixed ordinal logistic regression.

Results: A total of 402 survivors (35% of those approached) between April 2018 to December 2019 returned a completed survey. 83% reported at least one unmet need. The most frequently reported unmet need was needing more information about their stroke (n = 239, 61%). Those who identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander had approximately 5.6-fold higher odds (OR = 5.59, p = .025) of having more longer-term unmet needs compared to those who did not identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander.

Conclusions/implications: Unmet needs are common in recently discharged survivors of stroke. These findings may be used to inform strategies that support recovery. Providing more information may help reduce unmet needs among survivors of stroke. Enhanced hospital discharge planning and enhanced community services for survivors may help better prepare them and their caregivers for the return home. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Forber-Pratt and colleagues' Disability Identity Development Scale (DIDS) is the only disability identity measure that meets all the criteria for rigorous scale development. Little is known however about item fit for the DIDS.

Purpose/objective: (a) To investigate the construct validity of the DIDS scores at the item and factor level using item response theory (IRT) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA); (b) to investigate convergent validity of the DIDS scores with related constructs; and (c) to determine the reliability of each DIDS factor.

Research method/design: A convenience sample of 210 undergraduate college students with disabilities enrolled in a west coast 4-year public university participated in this study. Measures included the DIDS, the University Belongingness Questionnaire, and the College Self-Efficacy Inventory. Data were analyzed using the Rasch IRT framework, CFA, Omega reliability, and correlational analyses.

Results: IRT and CFA results revealed the data fit a 36-item, four-factor DIDS structure. Three items in the factor measuring adoption of disability community values items were easier, and four items in the factor measuring contribution to the disability community were difficult as compared with other DIDS items. Omega reliability analyses showed strong reliability for each DIDS factor. Correlation analyses found convergent and discriminant validity evidence for the DIDS with correlations with the University Belongingness Questionnaire and College Self-Efficacy Inventory in the hypothesized direction and magnitude.

Conclusion/implications: Findings provide evidence for Forber-Pratt and colleagues' theoretically and empirically derived DIDS, advancing the research, measurement, and practical application of disability identity development. Results are aligned with Forber-Pratt's psychosocial model of disability identity theoretical framework. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: Many qualitative studies have focused on sex and spinal cord injury (SCI), often taking a deficit lens to interpretation and reporting. However, it is important to understand what can facilitate positive sexuality for people with SCI; therefore this study examines facilitators of sexuality for people with SCI.

Research method/design: A systematic review and metasynthesis of 38 qualitative papers (published before February 2024) on sexuality for people with SCI was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Thematic synthesis was conducted in three stages: line-by-line coding; the identification of common descriptive themes across papers; and the generation of novel analytical themes.

Results: Thirty-eight eligible papers were analyzed. Thematic synthesis resulted in four common descriptive themes that were linked to positive sexuality: (a) being sexually active; (b) trying new and other ways of sexual expression; (c) having a positive relationship with a partner; and (d) peer support. These descriptive themes were interrelated and incorporated in two in-depth analytical themes: (a) redefining sexuality and (b) establishing a sexual identity.

Conclusions/implications: This study highlights facilitators to sexuality post-SCI. In order to maintain a sex-positive approach to sexuality rehabilitation for people with SCI, sexuality facilitators should remain at the forefront of sexual rehabilitation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose: Long COVID brain fog is often disabling. Yet, no empirically supported treatments exist. This study's objectives were to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy, provisionally, of a new rehabilitation approach, Constraint-Induced Cognitive Therapy (CICT), for post-COVID-19 cognitive sequelae.

Design: Sixteen community residents ≥3 months post-COVID-19 infection with mild cognitive impairment and dysfunction in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were enrolled. Participants were randomized to Immediate-CICT or treatment as usual (TAU) with crossover to CICT. CICT combined behavior change techniques modified from Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy with Speed of Processing Training, a computerized cognitive training program. CICT was deemed feasible if (a) ≥ 80% of participants were adherent, (b) the same found treatment highly satisfying and at most moderately difficult, and (c) < 2 study-related, serious adverse events occurred. The primary outcome was IADL performance in daily life (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure). Employment status and brain fog (Mental Clutter Scale) were also assessed.

Results: Fourteen completed Immediate-CICT (n = 7) or TAU (n = 7); two withdrew from TAU before their second testing session. Completers were, M (SD): 10 (7) months post-COVID; 51 (13) years old; 10 females, four males; one African American, and 13 European American. All the feasibility benchmarks were met. Immediate-CICT, relative to TAU, produced very large improvements in IADL performance (M = 3.7 points, p < .001, d = 2.6) and brain fog (M = -4 points, p < .001, d = -2.9). Four of five nonretired Immediate-CICT participants returned to work posttreatment; no TAU participants did, p = .048.

Conclusion: Those who received CICT adhered to the protocol and were highly satisfied with their outcomes. The findings warrant a large-scale randomized controlled trial with an active-comparison group. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Psychosocial interventions for racial and ethnic minority (REM) individuals with chronic pain have largely focused on adjusting to and coping with discrimination rather than empowerment and advocacy to contest discrimination and injustice. Scholars have called for the empirical shift from harm reduction to a strength-based and empowerment approach to help REM individuals not only survive but also thrive in an oppressive society. This study examines the moderating role of critical consciousness (CC), a theoretical construct that promotes individuals' awareness of injustice (i.e., critical reflection) and motivates them (i.e., critical motivation) to take action and advocate for themselves and their communities (i.e., critical action). CC has been found to potentially moderate the adverse effects of ethnic discrimination on REM individuals' psychological and health-related outcomes.

Research method: Grounded in empirical and theoretical evidence, this study tested three moderated meditation models to examine if three components of CC would moderate the adverse associations between perceived ethnic discrimination and pain severity via perceived pain injustice.

Results: The results indicated that critical reflection and action significantly moderated the association between perceived ethnic discrimination and perceived pain injustice. However, perceived pain injustice was not significantly associated with pain severity. Participants with higher levels of critical reflection and action reported higher perceived pain injustice at all levels of perceived ethnic discrimination.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that critical reflection and action could exacerbate the association between ethnic discrimination and perceived pain injustice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: This cross-sectional study applied the self-regulation resource model of self-compassion to people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). We examined the role of body compassion as a resilience resource and its associations with self-regulation resources (affect and self-efficacy) and health behaviors (substance use, exercise, and social engagement).

Research method/design: Participants were N = 799 adults with a self-reported multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis who completed an online survey sent out to a regional and national MS listserv (August 2023-February 2024). The survey assessed stress, coping, resilience, mental health, and common MS symptoms. We employed three structural equation mediation models to examine hypotheses.

Results: Body compassion was associated with all self-regulation resources. However, not all self-regulation resources mediate the relationship between body compassion and health behaviors. Health self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between body compassion, social relations, and drug use, while negative affect partially mediated the body compassion-drug use relation. Model fit was generally good across analyses.

Conclusions/implications: The study expands the theory of body compassion to a clinical sample of PwMS, suggesting that body compassion may be an important factor in various health behaviors relevant to MS. The findings highlight the potential of self-efficacy and negative affect as self-regulation resources in the relationship between body compassion and health behaviors. These insights could help rehabilitation psychologists and multidisciplinary care teams in developing interventions to enhance resilience and maintain adaptive health behaviors in PwMS. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose: Due to the ways disability and race overlap, intersect, and inform each other, to dismantle ableism, we must first understand how these processes operate in an intersectional manner, including when it comes to implicit bias. Yet, social psychology, and its prominent measures, including the implicit association test (IAT), have often taken a single-axis approach rather than attending to intersectionality. This study's aim was to develop and establish the intersecting disability and race attitudes implicit association test (IDRA-IAT).

Research method: We piloted the IDRA-IAT (July-October 2024) with 536 people (27.7% nondisabled White people, 32.3% disabled White people, 12.7% nondisabled people of color, and 27.3% disabled people of color). We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, t tests, split-half reliability (internal consistency), and correlation analyses (test-retest reliability, and construct validity).

Results: People preferred nondisabled White people the most (M = 0.19), then disabled White people (M = 0.04), then nondisabled people of color (M = -0.09), and then disabled people of color (M = -0.13). However, the findings differed significantly based on the participants' identities. Our findings also indicated the IDRA-IAT has similar psychometrics to other IATs.

Conclusion: To advance disability justice, much more research about intersectionality and quantitative methodologies that promote intersectionality are necessary. We recognize that there is a lot more that comprises oppression and discrimination than attitudes alone. However, our hope is that the IDRA-IAT can be one valuable tool in the arsenal of many in the work to dismantle the oppression disabled people face. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: People with poststroke aphasia (PWA) are at increased risk for developing symptoms of depression. However, access to mental health (MH) care is often limited for this population. The goal of this study was to survey clinicians about current practices and specifically to examine (1) whether they work with PWA, (2) how often they observe symptoms of mood disorders in PWA, (3) how often these symptoms are treated, (4) who provides treatment for PWA, (5) what treatment consists of, and (6a) what training clinicians receive and (6b) provide for their trainees.

Research method/design: A 19-question multiple-choice and free-response survey was shared widely with clinicians.

Results: One hundred sixteen participants responded to at least 80% of the survey. The respondents were grouped as: MH and non-MH providers. Among MH and non-MH providers, most observed mood symptoms in PWA at least half the time, though the majority reported PWA receiving behavioral interventions for depression only sometimes/rarely. Responses regarding who provides care and what types of care are provided were mixed. Only 24% of MH and 9% of non-MH providers reported receiving specific training to address mood disorders in PWA, and more supervisors reported teaching MH trainees to work with people with language disorders than teaching non-MH providers to provide mental health care.

Conclusion/implications: The path for receiving and providing MH treatment for PWA does not appear to be standardized, which may contribute to gaps in services. Considerations for collaborative training and treatment are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).