Rehabilitation Psychology最新文献

Purpose/objective: The recovery experiences of individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) involve a complex interaction between intrapersonal and interpersonal factors through which they continue to pursue life goals and enhance their psychosocial adaptation. Among these outcomes, disability acceptance is an important aspect but remains underexplored in this context. This study aimed to identify recovery patterns among individuals with SMI using a latent profile approach and explore how these patterns relate to disability acceptance.

Research method/design: We analyzed responses from participants with SMI (N = 268) and employed latent profile analysis to uncover distinct recovery profiles based on key indicators: resilience, self-efficacy, coping, social support, and perceived social stigma. Each profile was then examined in relation to levels of disability acceptance. The participant sample had a relatively higher employment rate and was more educated compared to "typical" populations with SMI.

Results: Latent profile analysis revealed three subgroups: recovery-initiating, recovery-developing, and recovery-sustained. Over half of the participants were classified in the recovery-developing group, while approximately one-third were included in the recovery-sustained group. High levels of resilience, self-efficacy, coping, and social support-along with low levels of perceived social stigma-increased the likelihood of being classified in the recovery-sustained group. This group also demonstrated the highest levels of disability acceptance.

Conclusions/implications: The identification of distinct recovery patterns suggests the importance of enhancing resilience, self-efficacy, coping strategies, and social support, as well as managing perceived social stigma when working with individuals with SMI. Considerations for tailored interventions to promote recovery and disability acceptance among individuals with SMI are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Study objective: Traumatic stress is common in persons with acquired brain injury. Untreated trauma not only negatively affects mental health but can also impact rehabilitation outcomes and overall recovery. However, not every neurorehabilitation professional has the scope of practice to treat traumatic stress, and providers may not feel well equipped to support patients dealing with significant trauma. Trauma-informed practice (TIP) is an approach in health care where traumatic stress is assumed to be common, and where the environment can be made to feel safe and welcoming without needing to address trauma directly. The objective of our study was to create draft consensus guidelines for TIP within the neurorehabilitation context.

Research method: Researchers, trainees, neurorehabilitation professionals, and adults with lived experience of acquired brain injury and traumatic stress were recruited to participate in our study. We used the Delphi method-a methodology used in health care to develop consensus-over the course of 12 months, whereby panelists participated in group meetings and individual qualitative interviews to generate preliminary items for our guidelines.

Results: Items from the interviews were rank ordered, and a final set of items was used to create a draft set of guidelines, formatted into a brochure for ease of dissemination.

Conclusions/implications: The current guidelines can serve as an initial starting point for the implementation of TIP in a variety of clinical settings. Future directions would be for these guidelines to be implemented and tested in diverse rehabilitation environments, in terms of outcome data and patient/provider satisfaction. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: Older adults with cognitive impairment (CI) in postacute care (PAC) are at risk for an increased level of care (LOC) postdischarge. Rehabilitation engagement may impact the relationship between CI and increased LOC.

Research method/design: Ninety-two older veterans (> 50 years) were assessed by physical therapists or assistants with the Hopkins Rehabilitation Engagement Rating Scale (HRERS) while participating in Veterans Affairs PAC. Hierarchical logistic regression examined whether rehabilitation engagement predicted LOC while controlling for cognition as assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). We then examined whether rehabilitation engagement moderated the effect of cognition on LOC.

Results: Hierarchical logistic regression modeling revealed that the HRERS total score predicted LOC after controlling for MoCA scores. The interaction between MoCA and HRERS total score was nonsignificant. Item-level HRERS analyses revealed a significant interaction for CI (MoCA score < 22) and active participation (HRERS Item 5). Examination of the interaction indicated that among low scorers on active participation, CI increased the odds of requiring higher LOC, while the main effect of CI on LOC was nonsignificant among those who scored high on active participation.

Conclusion/implications: Higher rehabilitation engagement reduced the risk of requiring higher LOC at PAC discharge after controlling for cognitive functioning. Additionally, active participation may buffer against adverse outcomes for older adults with CI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: This study sought to identify common mental health-related concerns of people living with spinal cord injury (SCI) and define strategies that can mitigate adverse circumstances.

Research method/design: We organized three focus groups of persons living with SCI (N = 5, 6, and 5, respectively) and recruited participants using a research registry and social media. We conducted focus groups via Webex, which lasted 60-90 min. We used discussion guides that an advisory committee, composed of persons with SCI and health care providers, reviewed and revised. A professional service transcribed Webex audio recordings. We used NVivo Pro 12 to code the transcripts for thematic analysis.

Results: Sixteen persons with SCI (six men, 10 women; M = 48 years) residing in Midwestern and Atlantic coast states participated. Eighty-one percent sustained SCI 2 or more years earlier, 69% sustained paraplegia, and 69% had incomplete injuries. Participants described feelings of anger/frustration, social isolation/loneliness, and depression as mental health challenges, in addition to developing identity as a person with a disability and timing of supportive mental health services such as SCI peer mentors.

Conclusions/implications: Persons with SCI identified the need for improved access to community resources as well as mental health services. The findings can guide the development of practice recommendations and resources for rehabilitation professionals and mental health providers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose: This study evaluated the effectiveness of an interactive video (IV) to improve knowledge, attitudes, and intent to hire people who are blind or have low vision (B/LV) and determined whether immediate improvements were retained 3 months later.

Method: We conducted two randomized controlled trials to evaluate the IV's effectiveness, one involving 157 management students, and the other including 63 adults involved in making hiring decisions for their organizations. In both studies, participants took a pretest consisting of six outcome measures, viewed the IV or a control video, and completed an immediate posttest. Study 1 participants also completed a 3-month follow-up.

Results: Viewing the IV was associated with large improvements in knowledge about B/LV and explicit attitudes about employing people who are B/LV and medium increases in intent to hire. Changes in discomfort around people who are B/LV and implicit attitudes about their competence were mixed. Improvements exhibited immediately after viewing the IV were retained.

Conclusions: Research supports that improvements in these outcome measures may be associated with an increased likelihood of hiring an applicant who is B/LV. Organizations could adopt the video as a training for personnel who are involved in making hiring decisions to promote inclusive hiring. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: This study aims to explore the perspectives of rehabilitation professionals regarding the barriers to spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation services in Nepal.

Research method/design: A qualitative study involved 15 rehabilitation professionals working in the Spinal Injury Rehabilitation Center in Nepal. After obtaining informed consent, in-depth semistructured interviews were conducted using Zoom and phone calls between June and July 2023. Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis approach was utilized to analyze the interviews and generate themes from the participants' responses.

Results: The participants represented nine different rehabilitation professions. Over half of them were female (53.33%), and 86.67% had one to 10 years of experience in SCI rehabilitation. From in-depth interviews, four themes depicting barriers to rehabilitation were identified: (a) resource constraints within the rehabilitation centers, (b) concerns related to finance, awareness, and support mechanisms, (c) systemic problems coupled with geographical and physical barriers, and (d) beliefs and practices influencing access and adherence to rehabilitation.

Conclusions and implications: Delivering effective rehabilitation services for people with SCI presents a range of barriers. Considering the critical importance of rehabilitation for this population, the findings underscore the necessity of engaging stakeholders at multiple levels, individuals, communities, and government agencies to address the identified barriers and improve rehabilitation services in Nepal. The implications of the findings are further discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: Medical assistance in dying (MAiD) is permitted in certain U.S. jurisdictions and other countries for suffering associated with terminal physical illness, such as advanced cancer, progressive neurological disease, and major organ failure, in which natural death is foreseeable. In a few European countries and Canada, eligibility for MAiD has recently been extended for nonterminal chronic health conditions and severe psychiatric illnesses that are considered to be irremediable.

Results: For psychologists, this expansion of eligibility for MAiD in other countries raises considerable questions within cultural, moral, and ethical contexts.

Design: This commentary is based on personal reflections within the framework of the foundational principles of rehabilitation psychology given our knowledge of how MAiD potentially differentially impacts the disability community.

Conclusions/implications: Rehabilitation psychologists need to grapple with the complexity of the issues to begin to forecast the research, education, practice standards, and policies that are needed before legislation is proposed in the United States. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: The current study examined the psychometric properties of common mental health questionnaires among women survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) with and without brain injuries due to IPV and evaluated whether women with and without IPV-related brain injuries differed in depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity.

Research method/design: Women survivors of IPV with and without IPV-related brain injuries were recruited online through Prolific (N = 205, M = 39.8 ± 11.9 years old, 83.9% non-Hispanic White, 42.4% college-educated). They completed the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition) (PCL-5). Model fit and internal consistency were estimated for each scale. Groups were compared on mental health symptom severity, with and without controlling for age, education, and IPV severity.

Results: Both one-factor and multifactor models showed excellent fit for all scales. PHQ-8 (ω = .91), GAD-7 (ω = .94), and PCL-5 total scores (ω = .95) had strong reliability, and all subscale scores had acceptable-to-strong reliability (ω range = .79-.94). Women with IPV-related brain injuries reported greater physical IPV severity, higher rates of depression, and higher somatic anxiety and PTSD symptom severity. No group differences in mental health symptoms were significant after controlling for IPV severity.

Conclusions/implications: The PHQ-8, GAD-7, and PCL-5 showed evidence for reliability and validity among women survivors of IPV. Women with IPV-related brain injuries had higher PTSD symptom severity, attributable to greater physical violence exposure in general. Brain injury screening among survivors appears warranted for women with extensive physical IPV experiences. Interventions addressing PTSD, violence prevention, and brain injury recovery may best serve this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Medical aid in dying (MAID) has long been a contentious issue in both professional ethics and within the disability community. Some view it as an affirmation of self-determination and autonomy, while others view it as a codification of ableism, potentially to the point of eugenics. With Canada's recent expansion of MAID eligibility to people with nonterminal chronic illnesses and disabilities, discussions about the ethics of MAID legislation have been renewed, particularly among people with disabilities.

Method: This commentary reviews the common arguments for and against MAID, with a focus on the views, concerns, and opinions within the disability community. New concerns from within the disability community relating to Canada's expansion of MAID to people with nonterminal disabilities are also discussed. Finally, the relation of these concerns to the foundational principles of rehabilitation psychology is discussed.

Results: The disability community has historically had a divided view on MAID, with some viewing it as an enactment of ableism and others viewing it as an enactment of self-determination. Expansion of MAID eligibility to individuals with nonterminal illness and disabilities also raises concerns about governments prioritizing MAID over community support for people with disabilities.

Conclusion/implications: MAID, especially as applied to individuals with nonterminal illness, is an ethically complex issue in the disability community that addresses many of the foundational principles of rehabilitation psychology. Thus, the decision of advocating for and against MAID in people with nonterminal disabilities is a complicated decision for rehabilitation psychologists. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: This study examined the impact of the ASPECT (Advocacy, Support, Perspective, Empowerment, Communication, and Training) Patient Engagement Program on its alumni in order to understand how they used the storytelling and advocacy skills they learned, determine the strengths of the program, and identify recommendations for strengthening the program.

Research method/design: In spring 2023, eight focus groups and one interview were conducted with ASPECT Program alumni. Inductive coding was used to identify themes.

Results: Eight themes emerged and included: (a) reasons alumni joined the ASPECT Program, (b) value of combining persons with visual impairments and allies in one cohort, (c) reflections on personal growth, (d) developing and telling one's story, (e) networking with others, (f) advocacy activities, (g) strengths of the ASPECT Program, and (h) recommendations for improving the ASPECT Program.

Conclusions/implications: The ASPECT Program provided alumni the opportunity to better understand their own eye health and/or the eye health of others, learn to impactfully tell their story to diverse stakeholders, develop their advocacy skills, and network with others. The use of a training program that includes those with visual impairments and allies is an effective method for providing high-quality training to a diverse group. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).