Rehabilitation Psychology最新文献

Purpose/objective: Caregivers of children with physical disabilities face unique stressors and experience high levels of anxiety, depression, and burnout. In general, self-compassion-based skills are associated with decreased psychological distress and increased well-being. However, the nuances of why or how self-compassion may promote the psychological well-being in caregivers of children with physical disabilities are unknown. Using qualitative data, this study explores the relevance of self-compassion in supporting caregivers' psychological well-being from multiple perspectives.

Method: We conducted 13 semistructured interviews with community service providers, a group feedback session with seven caregiver advisors, and a feedback session with eight caregivers who had recently completed a self-compassion-based resilience course. Transcripts were analyzed by two coders using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results: We developed three themes regarding how self-compassion skills may promote caregivers' psychological well-being within the context of caregiving: (a) balancing "gritting through" with increased awareness and expression of emotions and needs, (b) balancing isolation with increased connection, and (c) balancing self-judgment with increased grace and self-advocacy.

Conclusion: Self-compassion skills may benefit caregivers in specific ways in the context of caring for a child with a physical disability. Self-compassion-based interventions that target and measure these unique factors are promising for alleviating psychological distress for this community. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: Individuals with spinal cord injuries and disorders (SCI/D) may exhibit cues that tell a story about their loneliness. Health care providers must recognize loneliness cues in order to take action. This study identified and described loneliness cues exhibited by persons with SCI/D from health provider perspectives.

Research method/design: Descriptive qualitative design using in-depth interviews with health providers and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results: Multidisciplinary SCI/D health providers from 10 nationwide Veterans Health Administration facilities. Ten themes described loneliness cues exhibited by persons with SCI/D: (a) direct or indirect verbal expression; (b) physical health symptoms/conditions; (c) mental health indicators; (d) withdrawal/lack of engagement; (e) "severe" voluntary seclusion, for example, not leaving house, not getting out of bed, sitting in the dark; (f) poor lifestyle behaviors, for example, substance use, poor nutrition; (g) neglecting personal self-care, for example, poor hygiene; (h) neglecting ones' internal environment, for example, dirty home, hoarding; (i) avoiding health care and health care management needs, for example, missing medical appointments, neglecting bowel care; and (j) fixating on health care to meet social health needs.

Conclusions/implications: Health care providers identified several loneliness cues commonly exhibited by individuals with SCI/D. These cues, whether verbal or nonverbal, may represent a signal that alerts the provider of a concern around loneliness. The value of such cues depends on the health provider's ability to identify them in order to decide on next steps, which may involve formal screening or validated measurement followed by collaborative patient engagement to identify potential sources contributing to loneliness and areas patients wish to address. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Pain is prevalent among women living with HIV (WLWH); however, research on pain experience among WLWH in the United States is limited. This study used a network analysis to simultaneously examine the relationships between pain experience and psychosocial functioning among WLWH and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative women.

Method: A secondary analysis of public data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a U.S. longitudinal cohort study of the experiences of WLWH and women at increased risk for HIV (HIV negative), was completed. Data were from Visit 42 in 2015 and included 451 WLWH and 194 HIV-negative women who endorsed experiencing pain in the week prior to the interview. Similar to the sociodemographic characteristics of WLWH in the United States, the majority of women in the sample were racially and/or ethnically minoritized and of low socioeconomic position. Networks were modeled using measures of pain intensity, pain interference, depression symptoms, anxiety/worry symptoms, meaning in life, and emotional support.

Results: Network models for WLWH and HIV-negative women were comparable (ps > .05). Depression symptoms were a central construct (strength = 1.82 and 1.77, respectively) within the networks, and pain interference was associated with psychosocial constructs (ps < .05), while pain intensity was not (ps > .05). Meaning in life and emotional support were not directly associated with pain (ps > .05).

Conclusions: Network findings suggest that reducing depression symptoms may result in improved pain experience and broader positive impact for WLWH and for women at increased risk of HIV. This finding is consistent with research with other pain-focused populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: Experiences of disability-based discrimination among adults with disabilities (AWD) span individual, interpersonal, and structural domains that are implicated in mental health disparities. Ableist microaggressions, a subtle and contemporary form of disability-based discrimination, are positively associated with psychological distress. Additionally, disability characteristics may impact mental health outcomes differently. This study investigated (a) the association between lifetime experiences of ableist microaggressions and psychological distress and (b) the moderating effect of disability visibility.

Research method/design: A cross-sectional survey-based online study through Amazon's Mechanical Turk was conducted among 995 AWD whose ages ranged from 18 to 70 (M = 34.73, SD = 9.45).

Results: After adjusting for confounds linear regression analyses revealed a significant, positive relationship between ableist microaggressions and depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Models explained approximately 18%-23% of the variance in psychological distress. Moderation analyses indicated that associations were stronger among participants with less visible disabilities.

Conclusions/implications: Findings underscore disability visibility as an important correlate in AWD mental health disparities. Results should be interpreted within the scope of the sampling procedures and sample demographics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: People with disabilities often achieve lower educational attainments and face worse employment outcomes compared to the general population, a disparity partially due to the insufficient development of self-advocacy skills in academic and professional environments where targeted interventions are limited. This study designed and evaluated a 6-week self-advocacy program (SAP) enhanced with solution-focused brief therapy techniques for college students with disabilities (SWDs).

Research method/design: A program evaluation on process and outcomes was conducted using a pilot randomized controlled trial with college SWD (n = 28). Process evaluations included feasibility, fidelity, and acceptability, whereas the preliminary impact was determined by comparing the outcome assessments of SAP and the control groups.

Results: Process findings indicated that the SAP was conducted as planned, with facilitators effectively employing solution-focused techniques. The program gained traction among SWD and proved feasible for implementation in college settings. SWD reported satisfaction with their participation and shared SAP's strengths as well as areas for improvement. Results indicated that SAP significantly increased SWDs' confidence in disclosing their disabilities and requesting accommodations in the workplace compared to their peers in the waitlist control group. However, no group differences were observed in self-advocacy and self-determination.

Conclusions/implications: The findings suggest that SAP offers benefits in various aspects of self-advocacy for college SWD, informing future implementations of SAP or similar initiatives targeting this group. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: Inflicted traumatic brain injury (iTBI), or abusive head injury, is a common cause of mortality and disability among infants and toddlers. Social determinants of health (SDoH) have a critical and multifaceted impact on iTBI, influencing both prevalence and outcomes. The area deprivation index (ADI) is a comprehensive metric of SDoH developed to assist in understanding how community-level socioeconomic factors influence patient outcomes. The current study sought to describe the sociodemographic characteristics, including ADI, of a cohort of 373 infants and young children who sustained an iTBI.

Research method/design: This study was a retrospective analysis utilizing a cohort of pediatric patients treated for iTBI at a large, tertiary care children's hospital serving seven states in the Rocky Mountain region.

Results: Mortality prevalence was higher among older children, and older children were more likely to have a longer stay in the pediatric intensive care unit. Children who were identified as Hispanic/Latino lived in areas with greater socioeconomic disadvantage than children identified as non-Hispanic/Latino. Specifically, participants who were identified as White Hispanic/Latino lived in areas with greater disadvantage than children who were identified as White non-Hispanic/Latino. There were no other significant differences by race. Contrary to hypotheses, ADI was not significantly related to mortality, injury severity, or follow-up visits.

Conclusions/implications: While SDoH are known to influence outcomes in iTBI, it may be necessary to incorporate individual or family-level SDoH variables within this clinical sample and examine the interaction between individual and community-level factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose: The societal response and constraints of the COVID-19 pandemic reinforced ableism for disabled people who were yet again treated as an afterthought in society. Systemic ableism impacted their well-being, access, and ability to be active members of their community. Disabled experiences and voices must be heard and amplified to improve preparedness and address ableism. Disability Twitter is one avenue where the disability community can collectively listen and support one another. These voices can and should be used to influence policy and practice. This study used Disability Twitter to represent and honor the experiences of the disability community, using the COVID-19 pandemic as a moment in time.

Research method/design: Qualitative thematic analysis of U.S.-based Twitter posts was conducted using retrospective social media posts. A total of 238 initial tweets from January 1, 2020 and September 30, 2022 were analyzed by the research team.

Results: Five themes were observed including ableism, devaluation, worthiness, act of reclaiming, and emotion. Disabled people reported instances of ableism, devaluation, and victimization by individuals, systems, and government entities throughout the pandemic. Disabled individuals utilized Twitter to share their collective experiences, urging society to address and respond to the needs of the disability community.

Conclusions: Using social media to center the perspectives of the disability community can invoke system-wide change and inform policies. Implications for combating systemic ableism and promoting allyship for clinical professionals, research scholars, and educators are provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Multiple sclerosis is associated with impairments in working memory functioning. Lifestyle physical activity interventions show promise in improving cognitive functioning; however, the evidence is limited. We examined the efficacy of a lifestyle physical activity intervention, involving step tracking and psychoeducational materials, on improving step counts, working memory functioning, and network strength in a whole-brain network of working memory.

Method: Participants (n = 75) were randomly assigned to a group tracking steps with a pedometer (step-track), or a group tracking water intake with a smart water bottle (water-track), for 6 months. At baseline, mid, and postintervention, we assessed weekly physical activity (GT3X+ accelerometer), weekly water intake (H20 Pal Smart Bottle), and working memory functioning. Additionally, the combined network strength of a validated working memory connectome was calculated.

Results: We ran random intercept linear mixed models to examine differences between the groups, over time. A significant Group × Time interaction effect with steps and water intake indicated that the step-track group increased their steps, and the water-track group increased their water intake, in comparison to each other, from baseline to postintervention (p < .05). Both groups improved in behavioral working memory over time (p < .05). No significant differences were found on the network strength.

Conclusion: Our 6-month randomized controlled trial involving physical activity tracking showed increased step count in the intervention group. Behavioral working memory improved in both groups, potentially due to practice effects. Future studies should include both active and passive control groups to discern practice effects from intervention impact. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: People with disabilities continue to cope with high levels of stress, such as disability-related stress and sociopolitical stress. Helping people with disabilities engage in regular physical activity to improve health and reduce stress is more important than ever. This study evaluated demographic covariates, the health action process approach (HAPA) constructs (action self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, risk perception, intention/commitment, maintenance and recovery self-efficacy, and action and coping planning), and positive person-environment variables (autonomous motivation, resilience, hope, and social support) as motivators for regular physical activity in a sample of people with disabilities.

Methods: People with disabilities participated in an online study (N = 266). Hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine the incremental variance in physical activity scores accounted for by variables in the regression model.

Results: Demographic covariates, HAPA constructs, and positive person-environment variables accounted for 38% of the total variance in physical activity scores (a large effect size). Low income was a risk factor that significantly and negatively associated with regular physical activity, while self-efficacy, action and coping planning, and social support were significantly and positively associated with reular physical activity after controlling for other variables. Autonomous motivation, resilience, and hope were significantly associated with regular physical activity at the zero-order correlation level, but not significant in the regression model.

Conclusions: This study provides strong empirical support for the HAPA constructs, which can be used to inform the development of theory-driven and empirically supported physical activity interventions to improve health, stress management, and well-being of people with disabilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is the gold standard treatment for improving the health status of individuals with chronic respiratory diseases (CRD). However, to achieve lasting results, the adoption and maintenance of a physically active lifestyle are necessary. Unfortunately, the trajectories of change in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) following PR are marked by a high degree of heterogeneity between patients. This study aimed to better understand the factors underlying this variability by investigating the role played by the personality as defined by the five-factor model.

Design: Eighty eight CRD patients were assessed on personality upon PR admission (Time 1). PA and SB were assessed at Time 1 and 6 months post-PR (Time 2) using questionnaires.

Results: Multiple regression analyses revealed that "healthy neuroticism" is associated with an increase in PA 6 months after PR (β = .20, p < .05) independently of the PA at Time 1. A high level of neuroticism, when it is paired with a low level of conscientiousness, is related to an increase in SB 6 months after PR (β = -.20, p < .01), when the SB and exercise tolerance at Time 1 were controlled for.

Conclusion: These findings highlight that investigating the interaction between personality traits is relevant to a better understanding of the interindividual differences in changes in PA and SB after PR in patients with CRD. The behavioral effects of PR could be improved if patients' personality traits were taken into account in the design of behavior-change interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).